Ni-Al含能结构材料的制备和性能研究

以Ni粉和Al粉(摩尔比1:1)为原料,采用冷压-烧结法制备了Ni-Al含能结构材料。研究了烧结温度对Ni-Al含能结构材料界面扩散、力学性能、起始反应温度和能量密度等的影响。结果表明：烧结温度的提高,增加了Ni-Al颗粒间界面扩散速率,从而使含能结构材料界面粘合强度增大,拉伸和压缩强度提高,同时,能量密度降低;当烧结温度为550℃时,可获得强度和能量密度俱佳的含能结构材料,其拉伸和压缩强度分别为66.0 MPa和294.6 MPa,能量密度为436.1 J/g。     

Ni-Al含能结构材料的制备和性能

以Ni粉和Al粉(摩尔比1:1)为原料,采用冷压-烧结法制备了Ni-Al含能结构材料。研究了烧结温度对Ni-Al含能结构材料界面扩散、力学性能、起始反应温度和能量密度等的影响。结果表明:烧结温度的提高,增加了Ni-Al颗粒间界面扩散速率,从而使含能结构材料界面粘合强度增大,抗拉强度和压缩强度提高,同时,能量密度降低;当烧结温度为550℃时,可获得强度和能量密度俱佳的含能结构材料,其抗拉强度和压缩强度分别为66.0 MPa和294.6MPa,能量密度为436.1 J/g。     

无压熔渗法制备TiC/Ni3Al复合材料的渗入工艺研究

以化学纯镍粉、钛粉、铝粉、石墨粉为原料,采用燃烧合成方法制备了TiC/Ni3Al含孔预制件,用无压熔渗法制备了Ni3Al熔渗TiC/Ni3Al复合材料,研究了渗透温度和时间对TiC/Ni3Al复合材料的微观组织、硬度的影响,对无压渗透动力学进行了探讨.采用XRD和SEM分析了复合材料的相组成和微观结构.试验结果表明,无压熔渗法是制备致密的TiC/Ni3Al复合材料的有效方法,适当提高渗透温度,可大大缩短渗透时间.在完成渗透获得致密组织的前提下,渗透温度和渗透时间对TiC/Ni3Al复合材料的硬度无显著影响.渗透后复合材料的组成相为Ni3Al和TiC,颗粒结合良好.制备的Ni3Al/TiC复合材料的维氏硬度随TiC体积分数的增加而提高.     

浇注温度和Ni涂层对消失模铸造Al/Mg双金属界面组织的影响

采用等离子喷涂工艺在A356铝合金表面制备Ni涂层,并使用消失模铸造固-液复合Al/Mg双金属,通过扫描电镜、能谱仪等手段,研究不同浇注温度和Ni涂层对消失模铸造Al/Mg双金属组织的影响。结果表明,在相同工艺条件下,含Ni涂层的Al/Mg双金属界面厚度比不含Ni涂层的显著变薄,界面相组成也发生改变。浇注温度对含Ni涂层Al/Mg双金属的界面组织与成分也有影响,界面层厚度随浇注温度升高而增加,当浇注温度为730℃时能够获得较优良的界面组织。     

不同压力下的热压加工对含Mn块体纳米晶Fe3Al组织和性能的影响

对铝热反应熔化制备的含10wt%Mn块体纳米晶Fe3Al材料在800℃和1000℃温度下,采用不同压力进行热压加工,利用XRD研究热压加工前后纳米晶粒尺寸的变化,并测试硬度变化和压缩率。结果显示,不同温度、压力下热压加工后,晶粒尺寸变化不大;热压加工后,材料的硬度有所上升,但温度和压力对硬度影响不大;热压加工中,材料表现出较好的塑性变形,并随着热压压力的增大,材料压缩率逐渐增大,但温度对材料的压缩率影响不明显。热压加工后,块体纳米晶Fe3Al材料几何尺寸得到了增大。     

热压烧结制备Al2O3/TiCN-Ni-Ti陶瓷复合材料的组织与性能

采用真空热压烧结方法制备Al2O3/Ti(C,N)-Ni-Ti陶瓷基复合材料,采用X射线衍射与扫描电镜分析材料的物相组成和显微结构,研究烧结工艺对材料物相组成、显微结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明:Ni和Ti的添加显著提高复合材料的强度和韧性;温度小于1 600℃时,复合材料的力学性能随热压温度的升高而升高;温度高于1 600℃时,温度升高及保温时间延长不仅会导致Al2O3晶粒的异常长大和Ti(C,N)的分解,而且会使Ni发生聚集现象,复合材料的力学性能下降;当烧结温度为1 600℃、保温时间为30 min时,制备的Al2O3/Ti(C,N)-Ni-Ti陶瓷复合材料的力学性能最佳,其相对密度达到99.4%,抗弯强度为820 MPa,断裂韧性达到9.3 MPa.m1/2。     

添加WC改善Ni3Al的焊接性能

Ni3Al金属间化合物是一种潜在的高温结构材料和耐磨材料,由于含有较多易氧化元素,它的焊接性能一直未得到有效的解决.本文研究了WC/Ni3Al复合材料焊条中的WC含量对焊接性能的影响.当焊条中不含WC时,Al大量被氧化,形成球形氧化物夹杂,焊接表面沿夹杂/基体界面出现细微裂纹.当焊条中含质量分数5%WC时,WC溶解,析出W2C,部分Al被氧化,基体转化成Ni3(AlTi)C,形成碳化物包裹氧化物/金属间化合物的复合材料.当焊条中的WC含量升高达到30%时,由于溶解C的保护作用,焊层中的Al不被氧化,可获得无裂纹的焊接面,形成碳化物/金属间化合物复合材料.     

一次烧结制备W-Mo-Ti-TiAl系密度梯度材料

设计了W Mo Ti TiAl系新型密度梯度材料。分别采用Ni Cu和Fe Al烧结剂 ,对W Mo合金和Mo Ti合金进行了低温热压烧结 ,讨论了合金中主要组成元素的结合形式。最终通过在 1473K ,30MPa ,1h条件下一次烧结 ,获得整体致密且平行精度较好的梯度材料 ,材料的密度在 3.81～ 17.15 g/cm3 的较大范围内沿厚度方向呈准连续变化。     

热压合成铁基表面涂层的微观结构研究

采用真空热压法制备出铁基表面Ni3Al涂层、TiC/Ni3Al涂层及TiC/Ni3Al-Ni3Al双层涂层,研究了不同涂层的微观结构及相组成,并用洛氏硬度计对涂层剖面进行了硬度测试。结果表明:TiC/Ni3Al-Ni3Al双层涂层结合了Ni3Al涂层、TiC/Ni3Al涂层两者的优点。表层涂层的微观组织为TiC颗粒较为均匀的分布在Ni3Al基体上,组织纯净、致密,过渡层Ni3Al相与表层涂层及钢基体之间均为良好的冶金结合。TiC/Ni3Al-Ni3Al双层涂层既维持了TiC/Ni3Al涂层的高硬度,又实现了从表层至基体之间性能的梯度过度。     

CeF3对无压熔渗法制备TiC／Ni3Al复合材料的渗入工艺影响

以化学纯镍粉、钛粉、铝粉、石墨粉为原料,采用燃烧合成方法置备了TiC/Ni3Al含孔预制件,用无压熔渗法制备了Ni3Al熔渗TiC/Ni3Al复合材料,研究了CeF3对无压渗透工艺、渗透动力学及TiC/Ni3Al复合材料的微观组织、硬度的影响.采用XRD和SEM分析了复合材料的相组成、微观结构.试验结果表明,无压熔渗法是制备致密的TiC/Ni3Al复合材料的有效方法,添加适量稀土CeF3,可大大缩短渗透时间;在完成渗透获得致密组织的前提下,添加CeF3对TiC/Ni3Al复合材料的硬度无显著影响;渗透后复合材料的组成相为Ni3Al和TiC两相,Ni3Al相和TiC颗粒结合良好;制备的TiC/Ni3Al复合材料的维氏硬度随TiC体积分数的增加而增加,w(CeF3)为0.6%,w(TiC)分别为70%和80%时,复合材料的维氏硬度平均值分别为HV561和HV653.     

W骨架/Zr基非晶合金复合材料破片冲击释能特性研究

采用准密封箱冲击超压实验,研究了W骨架/Zr基非晶合金复合材料的在不同冲击速度下和靶板厚度下的冲击释能特性。并根据温度控制含能结构材料冲击诱发化学反应的热动力学理论,拟合了材料反应的表观活化能E_a和反应系数n,分析了材料的热化学反应特性。结果表明,材料冲击超压峰值与冲击速度正相关,其激发反应阈值为766m/左右,在相同速度下,有使破片靶后释能效率最大化的最优靶板厚度,但在8mm厚钢靶范围内,前板厚度对冲击释能特性影响不大。材料冲击激发化学反应的冲击压力阈值P_c=18.37GPa,对应的理论温度阈值T_c=3736.6K。材料反应效率随着冲击压力和击波温度的增加而增加,在40GPa冲击压力范围内,材料并未完全反应,其理论反应效率达到61.5%。     

Nb-Cr掺杂原位合成Al2O3/TiAl复合材料的组织与性能

采用原位热压工艺,在Ti-Al-TiO2-Nb2O5体系中加入Cr2O3原位合成Al2O3/TiAl复合材料.借助X射线衍射分析、SEM分析及力学性能分析,研究了Nb-Cr掺杂复合强化Al2O3/TiAl复合材料的反应过程、微观结构及力学性能.结果表明Nb-Cr掺杂原位合成Al2O3/TiAl复合材料能够细化晶粒并通过微合金化增强增韧TiAl复合材料.     

Fabrication of Ni3AI by hot pressing from element powders

Ni3Al intermetaUic was synthesized by hot pressing from element powders of nickel, aluminum, and boron. The influences of parameters on the properties of Ni3Al were investigated. The parameters include the particle size of nickel powder, adding or without boron powder, hot pressing temperature, etc. The properties include the density of hot-pressed samples, resultant redo of Ni3A1 phase, and bending strength. The microstructures of hot-pressed samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction and scan electronic microscopy, and the properties, such as density and bending strength, were also measured. The results show that a higher bending strength was obtained under the same hot pressing conditions by the fine nickel powder than the coarse one, and there is little difference about density. Boron powder added in this process accelerates the formation of Ni3Al and markedly increases the hot pressed density. In the temperature range of this study, the density increases along with the hot pressing temperature. Full dense Ni3Al samples were obtained under the condition of 860℃, 10 min, 45 MPa from Ni-22.89A1-0.5B powder.     

Effects of sintering temperature and Ni/Fe ratio on ballistic performance of tungsten heavy alloy fragments

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the sintering temperature and Ni/Fe ratio on the ballistic performance of liquid-phase sintered tungsten heavy alloys. The powder mixtures were pressed under 300 MPa and sintered at 1460, 1480, and 1500 °C for approximately 30 min in a reducing and protective atmosphere. Ballistic tests were performed by accelerating tungsten heavy alloy fragments with a velocity of ~900 m/s toward a 25 mm-thick Al 6061-T6 target. Simulation studies were performed using the finite-element method to model the deformation of the fragment and the target. The experimental results showed that the highest residual velocity and the best perforation performance for multiple-layered targets were obtained with a 93 W-4.67Ni-2.33Fe alloy sintered at 1480 °C, and the increase in the sintering temperature and plastic deformation of the fragments enhanced the damage on the target during the impact process via hole enlargement on the target. The simulation results showed that the mesh sizes of the fragment and the target affected the modeling of the fragment/target deformation and the residual velocity of the fragment. Additionally, the simulation results showed good correlation with test results with regard to the modeling of the deformation at the impact and rear surfaces of the target during perforation.     

Energetic intermetallic materials formed by cold spray

Cold spray was used to synthesize three intermetallic energetic materials from powders composed of mixed Ni/Al, mixed Ni/Al/MoO₃, and Ni-clad Al. After bulk samples were produced, characterization was performed to determine their composition and reactivity. Ignition was achieved with a 30 W CO₂ laser and propagation rates were measured using a high speed digital video camera. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to obtain energetic properties of the composites at slow heating rates. The energetic properties of cold sprayed samples were compared with lower density axially pressed pellets of identical composition. Samples composed of a mechanical blend of Ni and Al powders had higher reaction propagation rates at lower densities; with the near fully-dense cold spray samples having the lowest propagation rates. The opposite was found in samples composed of Ni-clad Al powders, with propagation rate increasing with increasing density for pellets, and reaching a maximum in the cold sprayed samples. The samples containing MoO₃ had mixed results, with pellets experiencing higher propagation rates for all MoO₃ contents' with increasing density, but cold sprayed samples having lower propagation rates as the MoO₃ content increased.     

Cr3C2/Ni3Al复合材料的微观组织和室温耐磨性

采用药芯焊丝法制得Ni-Al-Cr3C2复合焊丝,将该焊丝堆焊于工件表面,在堆焊过程中,利用氩弧物理热和Ni-Al反应热,Ni与Al化合反应生成Ni3Al金属间化合物,Cr3C2则发生分解,除少部分[C]与[Cr]固溶于Ni3Al基体中外,大部分反应重新析出细小的Cr3C2相,均匀地分布于Ni3Al基体中.室温磨粒磨损和微动磨损实验结果表明,Cr3C2/Ni3Al复合材料的耐磨性为Stellite12合金的2倍左右,较高的硬度、高的碳化物体积分数以及碳化物与Ni3Al基体间良好的界面结合力是Cr3C2/Ni3Al复合材料耐磨性优良的主要原因.     

碳化硅纤维增强体钛铝基体的原位合成与控制及其动力学解析

利用磁控溅射,采用钛靶和铝靶按照一定功率比在SiC纤维表面沉积钛与铝,制备SiC纤维的Ti-Al基复合先驱丝,按密排堆垛置于包套之中并经热等静压制备碳化硅纤维增强钛铝基试样。通过扫描电镜观察组织形貌,研究热等静压及真空热处理对组织结构、界面反应层的影响,应用XRD与能谱分析,研究磁控溅射功率对原子比的影响以及钛铝原位反应过程中相比例的变化规律,采用差示扫描量热法(DSC,differential scanning calorimetry)对钛铝反应进行动力学分析。结果表明,钛靶与铝靶的溅射功率直接影响钛铝的原子比,TC4和Al靶功率分别为13和4.5 kW/m2,其铝含量为27at%;TC4和Al靶功率分别为13和8.3 kW/m2,其铝含量为49at%。此外,动力学研究表明,Al3Ti是钛铝反应的优先生成相,随着Al的扩散,逐渐形成TiAl、Al2Ti和Ti3Al,但经过Al的充分扩散,其最终形成的稳定相取决于钛铝的原子比,若原子比为1:1,则最终形成TiAl相,且不同原子比区域形成的TiAl、Ti3Al可共存。     

ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE OF HOT CORROSION OF SPUTTERED CoCrAlY COATING ON Ni_3Al And Ni_3Al－Fe INTERMETALLICS

采用电化学交流阻抗技术并结合物相分析技术研究了溅射ＣｏＣｒＡｌＹ涂层对Ｎｉ３Ａｌ、Ｎｉ３Ａｌ－Ｆｅ金属间化合物在７００℃熔融（Ｎａ，Ｌｉ，Ｋ）２ＳＯ４中腐蚀行为的影响．结果表明，Ｎｉ３Ａｌ和Ｎｉ３Ａｌ－Ｆｅ的耐熔融盐腐蚀性能较差，其交流阻抗Ｎｙｑｕｉｓｔ图高频端表现为一曲率半径很小的圆弧，低频端为一直线，腐蚀反应受氧化剂的扩散所控制；施加ＣｏＣｒＡｌＹ涂层后，Ｎｙｑｕｉｓｔ图则呈双容抗特征，发生了沿涂层缺陷的腐蚀；提出了交流阻抗模型并解析了其中的参数．     

Welding of Ti–6Al–4V and TiB2–Ni cermet using pulsed current heating

Abstract

Ti–6Al–4V alloy was joined with TiB₂–Ni cermet by using pulsed current heating and hot pressing. The properties were found to be better with the pulsed current process, because the current enhanced the growth of Ni–Ti phase at the junction between the two materials. Furthermore, the heat affected zone is localised in the pulsed current process relative to that in the hot pressed material.