Zr-sn-Nb新型锆合金板材加工过程中不均匀组织与织构演变

利用XRD,SEM-ECC,TEM和EBSD技术,研究了Zr-Sn-Nb系新型锆合金板材加工过程的微观组织及织构演变.结果表明,β相淬火得到的随机织构经热轧后形成沿横向倾斜的基面织构,随后的加工过程均保留该织构;热轧及两次冷轧后的基面织构都为(1010)方向平行于轧向((1010)∥RD),而退火后转变为(1210)方向平行于轧向((1210)∥RD).淬火形成的网状魏氏组织经热轧转变为不均匀形变组织,两次冷轧使组织的不均匀性更显著,最终退火得到完全再结晶组织;轧制形成的难变形晶粒多为晶粒C轴平行于轧板法向(C∥ND)的取向;最终退火板材的大晶粒多为(1210)∥RD的基面织构,小晶粒则以(1010)∥RD为主.结合锆合金的变形及再结晶机制对轧制时产生的不均匀组织及再结晶过程的织构转变进行了分析.     

不同终轧压下量下AZ31镁合金板材的微观组织与力学性能研究

研究了高温轧制、不同压下量(10%～20%)下AZ31镁合金板材的微观组织、织构、力学性能与室温成形性能演变。结果表明,对于轧制态板材而言,不同压下量的板材中孪生仍然是主要变形模式,这主要是由终轧道次压下量相对较小,不足以引起动态再结晶但足以引起孪生导致。与终轧压下量10%的板材相比,20%的轧制板材表现出较大的晶粒尺寸和较弱的基面织构强度。退火后,板材表现出基轴向RD方向偏转±9.6°～±12°的双峰织构特征。与轧制态相比,退火态的基面织构显著弱化,这主要是由于板材在退火过程中的静态再结晶作用。随着终轧压下量由10%增加至20%,退火板材的基面织构显著减弱,使其r值降低、n值增大,从而引起板材室温杯突值由4.3 mm提高为6.3 mm。     

Zr-Sn-Nb新型锆合金板材加工过程中不均匀组织与织构演变

利用XRD,SEM-ECC,TEM和EBSD技术,研究了Zr-Sn-Nb系新型锆合金板材加工过程的微观组织及织构演变.结果表明,β相淬火得到的随机织构经热轧后形成沿横向倾斜的基面织构,随后的加工过程均保留该织构;热轧及两次冷轧后的基面织构都为〈1010〉方向平行于轧向(〈1010〉//RD),而退火后转变为〈1210〉方向平行于轧向(〈1210〉//RD).淬火形成的网状魏氏组织经热轧转变为不均匀形变组织,两次冷轧使组织的不均匀性更显著,最终退火得到完全再结晶组织;轧制形成的难变形晶粒多为晶粒C轴平行于轧板法向(C//ND)的取向;最终退火板材的大晶粒多为〈1210〉//RD的基面织构,小晶粒则以〈1010〉//RD为主.结合锆合金的变形及再结晶机制对轧制时产生的不均匀组织及再结晶过程的织构转变进行了分析.     

液氮低温轧制Cu-Ag合金的织构演变和再结晶行为（英文）

对Cu-Ag合金在低温下进行大变形量轧制加工,研究其织构演化特征和力学性能,随后对轧制板材进行热处理,观察其退火行为。结果表明,与常温轧制板所表现的铜型织构不同,低温下轧制板材内的交滑移机制被抑制,而其主要织构特征为黄铜型织构,且板材的抗拉强度和屈服强度均有提高。退火后,低温轧制板内发生原位再结晶,其织构随机分布,而常温轧制板的退火织构主要为立方织构。利用金相和电子背散射衍射手段观察退火前后材料的微观组织,发现低温轧制时板材内动态回复过程被抑制,因而轧制后变形储能较高,退火时,与常温轧制板相比能在较低温度发生再结晶软化行为。     

电场退火对3104铝合金板显微组织与再结晶织构的影响

利用三维取向分布函数(ODF)和透射电镜(TEM)等方法研究了电场退火对冷轧3104铝合金板材再结晶、第二相粒子和再结晶织构的影响.结果表明:电场退火具有抑制铝合金板再结晶形核和长大的作用,但并未改变其再结晶形成机制;促进了第二相粒子MnAl6长大;有利于提高立方织构({001}<100>)的强度,同时降低了某些轧制织构的强度.根据Gibbs-Thomson理论,探讨了电场退火时3104铝合金板再结晶及立方织构形成机制.     

Ca含量对Mg-Zn-Gd-Ca系合金轧制板材组织与性能的影响

研究Ca含量(0.1%,0.5%(质量分数))对Mg-1.5Zn-0.3Gd-Ca合金铸态组织、轧制板材组织、织构与力学性能的影响,以期通过改善合金组织和织构发展高塑性镁合金板材。结果表明:Mg-1.5Zn-0.3Gd-0.1Ca铸态合金含有细小均匀的第二相,Mg-1.5Zn-0.3Gd-0.5Ca合金中则存在大块状第二相;二者的轧制板材均呈现非基面织构;轧制板材经过退火处理后发生完全再结晶,板材的塑性可大幅度提高,Mg-1.5Zn-0.3Gd-0.1Ca合金经300℃退火后,沿横向和轧制方向的伸长率分别可达34.9%和34.1%,且轧制板材沿横向和轧向屈服强度的差异性减小。     

中间退火对5052铝合金组织与性能的影响

研究了中间退火对5052铝合金板材组织与性能的影响。对合金的拉伸性能及显微硬度进行测试,使用扫描电镜(SEM)对合金的断口形貌进行观察,使用金相显微镜及X射线衍射仪(XRD)对合金的显微组织和宏观织构进行分析。结果表明:经过中间退火的5052铝合金板材的屈服强度比直接轧制的低10 MPa左右,晶粒尺寸大约82%。中间退火试样不同方向的断后伸长率差别不大,而直接轧制试样的轧向较45°和90°方向的断后伸长率小9%,具有明显的各向异性。拉伸变形后中间退火试样晶粒沿最大切应力方向呈明显的流变特征,断口处韧窝发达、分布更均匀。中间退火试样的{100}001 Cube织构和{100}011 H织构等再结晶织构更强,而直接轧制试样的B织构{110}112和Goss织构{110}001等轧制织构更强。经中间退火的板材各向异性得到明显改善。     

交叉轧制对ZK60镁合金组织演变和性能的影响

研究了轧制方式对ZK60镁合金组织与织构的影响规律,同时通过对退火后板材进行室温拉伸试验研究了其力学性能。经过交叉轧制的镁合金板材由于二次孪晶的生成及非基面滑移系的启动促使再结晶程度增大,晶粒细化效果显著,退火后平均晶粒尺寸达到6.43μm。同时交叉轧制会迫使晶粒向TD方向旋转,从而降低织构强度,改变织构类型。相比于单向轧制,交叉轧制后板材的平均抗拉强度和伸长率分别提高到321 MPa和25.7%,伸长率提高了近50%;塑性应变比、平面各向异性指数、屈强比等指标也得到了改善。结果表明,交叉轧制可有效调控镁合金板材组织及其均匀性、提高力学性能和成形性能。     

再结晶退火对超纯铁素体不锈钢抗皱性的影响

为研究超纯铁素体不锈钢的再结晶退火对板材抗皱性的影响,采用拉伸试样表面粗糙度测量、X射线衍射(XRD)和电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术对再结晶程度不同的板材表层和中心层的起皱程度、显微组织和织构进行了检测分析。结果表明,再结晶程度不同的板材具有不同的表面抗皱性;晶粒细小,尺寸均匀度好的再结晶退火组织有利于提高板材的表面抗皱性;退火钢板中心层再结晶程度较表层深,且起皱严重。分析认为:超纯铁素体不锈钢板材中心层再结晶形成的强点突出的γ纤维织构以及大范围的γ纤维取向团簇是造成板材表面起皱的重要原因;表层由于再结晶程度较弱,形成的γ纤维织构在γ取向线上分布均匀、无明显织构强点,显微组织也较为精细,因此对板材的起皱形貌具有缓解和覆盖的作用。     

6111铝合金板材加工过程中织构的演变

用取向分布函数法研究了6111铝合金板材生产加工过程中织构的演变,结果表明,热轧后,(-αAl基体表现为较弱的铜型轧制织构,经退火后变为随机织构。将退火板材冷轧成薄板后形成了较强的铜型轧制织构,在随后的固溶处理时发生再结晶,并形成主要由Cube ND15和{011}<111>两个组分构成的再结晶织构。     

The Role of Oriented Growth in P Texture Development in Al-Mn-Mg Aluminum Alloy

The deformation and recrystallization textures in straight-rolled and cross-rolled AA 3105 aluminum alloy were investigated by x-ray diffraction to determine the role of oriented growth in the formation of the P recrystallization texture. A very strong P texture was developed in the straight-rolled sheet after recrystallization annealing. In contrast, the cross-rolled sheet did not develop the P texture on annealing even though the cross-rolling (i.e., rolling along the original transverse direction) texture contained more orientations close to the P orientation than the straight-rolling texture. The formation of the P texture in aluminum alloys requires the presence of the C component, since the P orientation has a 31.1°〈122〉 orientation relationship with respect to the C orientation. The recrystallization texture in the cross-rolled sheets was in excellent agreement with the oriented growth theory.     

退火对冷轧Al0.2CoCrFe2Ni高熵合金组织和力学性能的影响

研究了不同温度退火对80%冷轧Al_0.2CoCrFe₂Ni高熵合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。使用X射线衍射仪(XRD) 、电子背散射衍射仪(EBSD)、微控电子万能试验机分别对合金进行了晶体结构、织构类型和力学性能的表征。结果表明,合金在铸态、轧制态以及退火态都表现为稳定FCC晶体结构。合金铸态下呈现典型的树枝晶组织,经80% 轧制后出现了明显的轧制变形带,在随后的退火过程中发生再结晶,其再结晶晶粒体积分数及其晶粒尺寸随着退火温度的升高而增加。合金经过80%轧制后主要表现为(111)<112>织构,其织构强度随着退火温度的升高而降低。80%轧制使Al_0.2CoCrFe₂Ni合金获得较大的抗拉强度(1005 MPa)和较低的塑性(10%), 随着退火温度的提高,合金的强度降低塑性增强,并在700 ℃退火时合金获得最佳的综合力学性能,该过程主要取决于合金中的位错密度、再结晶体积分数和晶粒尺寸及其再结晶织构的演变。     

Improvement of stretch formability of Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy sheet by high temperature rolling at finishing pass

The effects of increasing rolling temperature from 723 K to 828 K at the last rolling pass on microstructure, texture, mechanical properties and stretch formability of a Mg-3Al-1Zn magnesium alloy previously rolled at 723 K were investigated. In the as-rolled condition, the basal texture strengthens slightly with increasing the rolling temperature whereas it weakens more remarkably after static recrystallization during annealing for the sheets rolled at higher temperatures. Only by increasing the rolling temperature from 723 K to 798 K, the Erichsen value is significantly increased from 4.5 to 8.6 due to the weakened texture for the annealed sheets. Further increasing the last rolling temperature does not appear to further improve the stretch formability.     

热轧Mg-1Zn和Mg-1Y合金退火组织演变及静态再结晶行为

对比研究了高温轧制制备的Mg-1.02Zn及Mg-0.76Y(质量分数,%)合金在不同温度退火条件下的组织演变及静态再结晶和晶粒长大动力学行为.结果表明,Mg-1Zn合金的轧制组织以剪切带和孪晶为主,在剪切带和孪晶内伴随着动态再结晶;而Mg-1Y合金的轧制组织中只有孪晶,未观察到剪切带和再结晶发生.退火过程中,Mg-1Zn合金静态再结晶过程主要受控于形核过程,而Mg-1Y合金则既受控于形核过程又受控于长大过程.利用经典的JMAK模型和长大模型分别描述了2种合金热轧制后的静态再结晶和晶粒长大动力学过程,结果表明,静态再结晶过程的Avrami因子n值与理想预测值偏离可能来自于再结晶的不均匀形核.固溶稀土Y原子比Zn原子对晶界移动的拖曳作用更强,导致Mg-1Y合金比Mg-1Zn合金晶粒长大因子n’更高.     

Texture and mechanical properties of Al-0.5Mg-1.0Si-0.5Cu alloy sheets manufactured via a cross rolling method

The relationship between the texture and mechanical properties of 6xxx aluminum alloy sheets processed via cross rolling was investigated. The microstructures of the conventional rolled and cross rolled sheets after annealing were analyzed using optical micrographs (OM). The texture distribution across the thickness in the Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy, conventional rolled sheets, and cross rolled sheets both before and after annealing was investigated via X-ray texture measurements. The texture was analyzed in three layers from the surface to the center of the sheet. The β-fiber texture of the conventional rolled sheet was typical of the texture obtained using aluminumoll ring. After annealing, the typical β-fiber orientations were changed to recrystallization textures: cube{001}〈100〉 and normal direction (ND)-rotated cubes. However, the texture of the cross rolled sheet was composed of an asymmetrical, rolling direction (RD)-rotated cubes. After annealing, the asymmetrical orientations in the cross rolled sheet were changed to a randomized texture. The average R-value of the annealed cross rolled sheets was higher than that of the conventional rolled sheets. The limit dome height (LDH) test results demonstrated that cross rolling is effective in improving the formability of the Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy sheets.     

Microstructure and Texture Evolution of Mg-14Gd-0.5Zr Alloy during Rolling and Annealing under Different Temperatures

Mg alloys containing high rare earth (RE) elements are hard to be rolled due to their low ductility and high strength at low temperatures. Therefore, rolling at high temperatures is necessary for these alloys. In this work, a Mg-14Gd-0.5Zr (wt%) alloy was rolled one pass with 40% reduction at high temperatures over 450 °C. The effects of rolling temperature on the microstructure and dynamic recrystallization behavior were analyzed in detail by the electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) method. The results revealed that the alloy shows good rollability at high temperature due to the activity of non-basal dislocations and twins. However, dynamic recrystallization is difficult to take place because of the easy activation of multi-slip system and thus more accumulated strain energy. However, Gd segregation was observed at the grain boundary and it is inferred that the segregation can partially enhance the dynamic recrystallization ratio. Statically recrystallized grains with large size took place after short-term inter-pass annealing treatment ranging from 450 °C to 500 °C, and formed basal texture. The result suggests that the formation of basal texture during short-term annealing treatment was attributed to the growth of dynamic recrystallized grains caused by weakened Gd segregation.     

涂层导体用Ni9W合金基带再结晶及强立方织构的形成研究

采用X射线四环衍射技术对比分析了通过冷轧和轧制中间热处理制备的2种Ni-9.3at%W(Ni9W)合金基带的轧制织构和再结晶织构,研究了不同Ni9W合金基带在热处理过程中轧制织构向再结晶织构的演变。其次,采用背散射电子衍射(EBSD)技术对以上2种Ni9W合金基带的微观组织和立方织构进行了表征。结果表明,与传统冷轧Ni9W合金基带的轧制织构相比,经轧制中间热处理后其轧制织构中S取向和Copper取向的含量增加、Brass取向的含量减少,使其轧制织构的类型介于Brass型轧制织构与Copper型轧制织构之间。2种Ni9W合金基带经低温回复后,其轧制织构含量均有一定的增加;另外,再结晶过程中轧制织构的含量均迅速降低,但立方取向的含量并没有明显增加,而是出现大量的随机取向,Ni9W的再结晶具有了连续再结晶的特征,这也是导致Ni9W合金基带较难形成立方织构的一个主要原因。虽然经过轧制中间热处理后Ni9W合金基带在初始再结晶完成后并没有形成一定强度的立方织构,但其立方取向的含量仍然能在进一步热处理过程中通过立方取向晶粒的长大而得到加强。最后,采用轧制中间热处理制备的Ni9W合金基带经两步高温热处理后其立方织构的含量达到84.5%(15°)。     

Effect of Zn and Y Additions on Grain Boundary Movement of Mg Binary Alloys During Static Recrystallization

Texture evolution in rolled Mg–1 wt% Zn and Mg–1 wt% Y binary alloys was analyzed by quasi-in situ electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) during static recrystallization. Mg–1 wt% Zn and Mg–1 wt% Y alloys exhibited strong basal texture at the initial recrystallization state. After grain growth annealing, the basal texture component {0001} < $11\overline{2}0$ > was increased in Mg–1 wt% Zn alloy and that of Mg–1 wt% Y alloy was decreased to be a random texture. Zn and Y atoms segregated strongly to the recrystallized grain boundaries in Mg–1 wt% Zn alloy and Mg–1 wt% Y alloy, respectively. Thus, Zn and Y elements facilitated the grain boundary movements along contrary directions during grain growth. In Mg–1 wt% Zn alloy, due to the Zn element segregation on grain boundaries, the grains consisted of a strong texture grew more easily because the grain boundary migration tended to move from the orientation close to normal direction to the orientation near to transverse direction or rolling direction. Therefore, after grain growth, the volume fraction of texture component {0001} < $11\overline{2}0$ > was increased by consuming the neighboring grains, leading to a stronger basal texture. On the contrary, in the Mg–1 wt% Y alloy, the Y element segregation caused the opposite direction of grain boundary migration, resulting in a random texture.     

Annealing behaviour of Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy sheet obtained by a combination of high-temperature rolling and subsequent warm rolling

The recrystallization and grain growth behaviour of Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy sheets with a deformation microstructure, obtained by a combination of high-temperature rolling and subsequent warm rolling, was investigated at different stages of annealing. The basal texture was significantly weakened as a result of the formation of new grains with a largely altered c-axis orientation relative to the initial basal orientation owing to discontinuous static recrystallization during primary recrystallization. The new grains nucleated mostly at the pre-existing grain boundaries rather than at the intersections of twins or within the twins. Subsequent grain growth led to further progression of the texture weakening accompanied by an enhancement in the basal pole inclination.     

退火温度对轧制变形镁锂合金组织与力学性能的影响

研究冷轧(压下量75%)及150、200、250和300 ℃等温退火1 h后Mg-8Li-1Al-0.5Sn合金的组织演变、力学性能以及变形机理。结果发现,合金伸长率随退火温度升高先增加再降低。退火温度为200 ℃时,合金伸长率达到最佳,为40%,相较冷轧态,强度无弱化表现,为212 MPa,伸长率提高24.4%。合金塑性的提升主要是由于退火促进合金内α相由带条状向竹节状转变,缓解应力集中,同时促进β相发生静态再结晶和晶粒细化。此外,α相轧制织构在退火过程中发生角度偏转,保留了有利于滑移的{1010}晶面织构,也对合金伸长率的提升起到促进作用。