福特使用再生碳纤维制造汽车零部件降低成本

正福特在2018年款的探索者运动型多用途车SUV中使用了再生碳纤维增强聚丙烯PP复合材料,用于A柱支架的刚性部分,代替原来使用的ASA材料。新采用的短切再生碳纤维增强PP材料PP/CF可与直接使用现有的模具成型,并与热塑性弹性体具有很好兼容性。再生碳纤维是从飞机、自行车和其他来源的复合材料废弃物中回收而来的。     

碳纤维/聚丙烯/聚乳酸增强复合材料的力学性能

为在不改变碳纤维/聚丙烯(PP)复合材料力学性能前提下,降低复合材料中PP含量以减轻环境降解压力,通过在碳纤维/PP复合材料树脂体系中掺杂可降解的聚乳酸(PLA)形成共混树脂体系,并经热压成型制备碳纤维增强共混树脂复合材料。探究了PLA、PP共混体系质量比对复合材料冲击、弯曲和拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:随着树脂体系中PLA质量分数的增加,复合材料的冲击强度和弯曲强度都呈先降低后升高、再降低的趋势,拉伸强度呈现先升高后降低的趋势;当PLA质量分数为60%时,复合材料的冲击强度和弯曲强度最高,分别为21.8 k J/m²和112.5 MPa,拉伸强度为37.2 MPa,复合材料的综合物理力学性能最优,与未添加PLA的复合材料的力学性能相近。     

实现碳纤维在主要市场领域的应用

2013年以来,碳纤维(CF)市场每年平均增长11.1％.这种快速增长的材料已在许多领域得到应用.2019年,碳纤维在航空航天、汽车和风能领域占据了 65％～70％的市场份额,并且仍在增长(图1). 1 复杂的供应链 碳纤维增强碳复合材料/碳纤维增强聚合物(CC/CFRP)的供应链虽然很复杂,但可以分为原料制造、中间材...     

造纸法制备碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料的研究

本研究以短切碳纤维为增强体,聚丙烯(PP)纤维为基体,采用湿法造纸工艺制备碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料(CFRTP)。通过正交实验,探讨了碳纤维含量、碳纤维长度、热压温度以及热压时间对CFRTP力学性能的影响。结果表明,碳纤维含量是影响复合材料力学性能的主要因素;正交实验条件下,当碳纤维含量20%,碳纤维长度5 mm,热压温度190℃,热压时间10 min时,CFRTP的性能最好,其拉伸强度为83.9 MPa,弯曲强度为52.5 MPa,缺口冲击韧性48.2 kJ/m~2,对比同等条件下未添加碳纤维的材料其性能分别提高了189%、52%以及1021%。同时,通过单一因素实验探究不同碳纤维含量对CFRTP力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着碳纤维含量的增加,CFRTP的拉伸强度、弯曲强度以及缺口冲击韧性均先上升后下降。     

再生高密度聚乙烯/碳纤维复合材料的制备及其性能

为了利用废弃的高密度聚乙烯,通过熔融注塑工艺制备不同表面处理的碳纤维(CF)增强再生高密度聚乙烯(RHDPE)复合材料,并借助扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析仪、差示扫描量热仪、热重分析仪和万能材料试验机对材料表面形貌、表面化学元素、热学性能和拉伸性能等进行表征。结果表明：浓硝酸会在CF表面产生明显的氧化刻蚀,并使CF表面氧元素质量分数较浓硝酸处理前增加225.15%,CF与RHDPE间的界面黏附性能提高;CF的引入对复合材料的结晶温度和熔融温度影响较小,但结晶度提高23.99%,且热稳定性能得到改善;当CF质量分数为30%时,RHDPE/脱胶CF复合材料的拉伸断裂强度较纯RHDPE材料提高了37.61%、拉伸断裂伸长率下降了43.53%,经过浓硝酸、硅烷偶联剂和TiO₂处理的CF增强复合材料的拉伸断裂强度和拉伸断裂伸长率较RHDPE/脱胶CF复合材料均得到了不同程度的提高。     

壳聚糖-SiO2气凝胶/纤维素/聚丙烯复合水刺材料的制备及其吸附染料性能

为制备用于有机染料废水处理的生物质材料,以纤维素纤维/聚丙烯(CF/PP)为基材,经氧化后与以壳聚糖(CS)和硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)为原料制备的CS-SiO₂混合溶液进行反应,再通过冷冻干燥得到CS-SiO₂气凝胶/氧化纤维素(OCF)/PP复合水刺非织造材料。对复合材料的形貌、结构和其对有机染料吸附性能进行测试与表征,结果表明：相较于CF/PP水刺非织造材料,CS-SiO₂气凝胶/OCF/PP复合水刺非织造材料表面出现明显的微孔结构,在OCF/PP水刺非织造材料表面出现了归属于CS和SiO₂的红外特征峰;当TEOS体积分数为25%时,制得的样品在30℃、pH值为7的条件下对亚甲基蓝(MB)的吸附效率可达99.63%,经5次重复使用后,其对MB的吸附效率仍保持在80.59%左右;相比于CF/PP水刺非织造材料,CS-SiO₂气凝胶/OCF/PP复合水刺非织造材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率略有下降。     

PAN基碳纤维生产现状与市场

碳纤维(CF)作为21世纪的新材料,其高强度、高弹性模量和低比重性能,以及碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)在航空航天、产业用领域的迅速拓展受到了人们的普遍关注.预计未来6～8年间,碳纤维的产量将增长4倍以上,产能从目前的4.53万t/a上升至18.20万～22.65万t/a.     

玄武岩／聚丙烯复合体系结晶性能的研究

采用差示扫描量热仪研究玄武岩纤维和硅烷偶联剂KH-550对聚丙烯（ PP）结晶性能的影响规律,并研究改性处理及纤维含量对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明：在玄武岩/PP复合体系中,玄武岩纤维的加入充当了PP结晶时成核剂的作用,有利于PP在纤维表面处异相成核,使复合体系的结晶度增大;KH-550改善了纤维与基体树脂的界面相容性,加速了PP在复合材料界面处异相成核,使其结晶度增加;纤维含量及KH-550质量分数对复合材料力学性能的影响与其对结晶度的影响相一致,且当纤维质量分数为40％、KH-550质量分数为0．75％时,复合材料的力学性能最佳。     

炭黑/PP/PA6电磁屏蔽复合材料性能研究

碳系粒子填充聚合物复合材料被认为是最有发展前景的电磁屏蔽材料之一。以聚丙烯(PP)/尼龙6(PA6)两相不相容聚合物体系作为基体、以炭黑(CB)作为导电填料,采用一字排列三螺杆挤出机制备PP/PA6/炭黑三元复合材料。研究PA6/PP含量比对复合材料的电磁屏蔽效能和力学性能的影响。实验表明,当PA6/PP含量为80∶20时,屏蔽效能达到最大值,同时力学性能也较好。     

PES/CF/PET纤维混杂阻燃复合材料的热解及燃烧特性

通过热重分析法研究了N₂气氛下聚醚砜/碳纤维/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PES/CF/PET)纤维混杂层压复合材料及三维针刺复合材料在不同升温速率下的热解过程，并通过Kissinger法得到了分解阶段的表观活化能和指前因子；通过锥形量热测试分析了2种复合材料在不同火灾环境下的燃烧特性。结果表明：升温速率对2种复合材料的热解过程均产生了影响，且对层压复合材料的影响较大。随着热辐射强度的增大，2种复合材料的热释放速率、产烟速率、总产热量、总产烟量均增大，但三维针刺复合材料的这些参数始终高于层压复合材料，表明其火灾危险性更大。总体而言，针刺工艺会对PES/CF/PET纤维混杂复合材料的热解及燃烧特性产生较大影响。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press