Lu2O3/TiO2/Nb2O5共稳定ZrO2热障涂层材料研究

采用Lu2O3/TiO2/Nb2O5作为ZrO2热障涂层材料的稳定剂,研究Lu2O3/TiO2/Nb2O5共稳定ZrO2(15%LTNSZ)热障涂层材料在900℃、40 mol%V2O5+60 mol%Na2SO4熔盐中的热腐蚀行为。结果表明:8%YSZ热障涂层材料热腐蚀2 h后,t相ZrO2全部相变为m相ZrO2,热腐蚀产物为尺寸较大的YVO4晶体;15%LTNSZ热障涂层材料热腐蚀20 h后,m相ZrO2的比例仅为5.5%,热腐蚀产物为尺寸较小的LuVO4晶体。与Y2O3稳定剂相比,Lu2O3/TiO2/Nb2O5稳定剂使ZrO2在40 mol%V2O5+60 mol%Na2SO4熔盐中的抗热腐蚀性能提高1个量级以上。     

钠离子电池正极用V2O5/NaV6O15纳米复合材料的制备与电化学性能(英文)

采用VO₂(B)纳米阵列作为前驱体,通过水热法制备V₂O₅/NaV₆O₁₅纳米复合材料。通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜和恒流充放电测试对材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能进行表征。结果表明,纳米复合材料由一维纳米带组成,较好地保留了前驱体的形貌;水热反应时间对材料的相组成和电化学性能有显著的影响。V₂O₅/NaV₆O₁₅纳米复合材料比纯V₂O₅显示出更好的电化学性能,这归因于V₂O₅/NaV₆O₁₅纳米复合材料中具有高容量的V₂O₅和高循环稳定性的NaV₆O₁₅之间的协同效应,以及纳米复合材料中引入的大量相界面为钠离子嵌入提供了额外的位点并促进电子和离子的传输。     

水环境中等离子喷涂纳米/微米喂料Al2O3/TiO2涂层的摩擦学行为

利用纳米结构和常规喂料用大气等离子喷涂方法制备了Al2O3/TiO2涂层,研究了水环境中两种涂层与不锈钢对磨时的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明：水环境中,两种涂层摩擦因数变化不大,但是纳米喂料涂层耐磨性能明显优于常规涂层,同时其对偶的磨损率仅为常规涂层对偶磨损率的1/3～1/5,磨损率随载荷的增加不断增加.讨论了水环境中两种涂层的磨损机制.     

孔道Al2O3/SiO2对NaAlH4-Tm2O3体系储氢性能的影响

以机械球磨法制备具有可逆吸放氢性能的NaAlH4-Tm2O3储氢材料体系。利用相同制备方法进一步研究两种不同孔道材料(大孔Al2O3与介孔SiO2)对NaAlH4-Tm2O3体系储氢性能的影响,测试样品的循环吸放氢性能,并对样品吸放氢前后的结构进行表征。结果表明:大孔Al2O3材料的添加并不能明显改善NaAlH4-Tm2O3体系的放氢速率和放氢量,而介孔SiO2的加入使NaAlH4-Tm2O3体系在150℃条件下5 h内的首次放氢量(质量分数)达到4.61%,高于NaAlH4-Tm2O3体系的4.27%,增加了约8.0%。此外,添加介孔SiO2的NaAlH4-Tm2O3体系放氢速率也有所提高。     

Vx-Mn0.8Fe0.2O2催化剂的制备及其抗硫脱硝性能

为了更好地适应工业化脱硝需求,选用廉价的黑色金属Mn和Fe作为催化剂主要原料,通过V掺杂极大地提升了锰铁催化剂的低温脱硝性能和抗硫性能。采用共沉淀法制备了V_x-Mn_0.8Fe_0.2O₂催化剂,运用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)考察了V₂O₅添加量对Mn_0.8Fe_0.2O₂催化剂的结构、形貌及其抗硫脱硝性能的影响。结果表明:V_x-Mn_0.8Fe_0.2O₂催化剂主要物相为Mn₂O₃,样品颗粒尺寸小且分散均匀。V_0.3-Mn_0.8Fe_0.2O₂催化剂具有较多的活性位点及较好的抗硫脱硝性能,在300℃时脱硝率可达90.36%,相比于Mn_0.8Fe_0.2O₂催化剂脱硝性能达到90%的温度约降低100℃;同时,在V(CO):V(NO):V(SO₂)为3:1:1的反应条件下,催化剂的脱硝率仍能保持在80%以上。     

响应曲面法优化偏钒酸铵煅烧制备V2O5的工艺（英文）

采用响应曲面法中的中心组合模式对偏钒酸铵煅烧制备V2O5工艺条件进行优化,建立偏钒酸铵煅烧制备V2O5的二次多项式数学模型,探讨主要因素的影响及其交互作用。方差分析结果表明:煅烧温度和煅烧时间对偏钒酸铵的分解率都有显著的影响。采用响应曲面法优化得出的最佳工艺条件为:煅烧温度669.71K,煅烧时间35.9min,物料量4.25g。在最佳工艺条件下,偏钒酸铵的分解率预测值为99.71%,其与实验值99.27%相近,证实回归方程拟合度良好。XRD分析表明,采用响应曲面法所得的煅烧工艺参数是可行的。     

Al2O3颗粒直径对1 vol%的Al2O3/Cu基复合材料组织和性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法+热压工艺制备了不同Al₂O₃颗粒直径的1 vol%Al₂O₃/Cu基复合材料,使用光学显微镜和扫描电镜(SEM)观察了复合材料的显微组织,利用电子拉伸试验机测试了复合材料的力学性能。基于弹/塑性理论推导出了复合材料中颗粒周边的弹性区宽度的表达式。结果表明：Al₂O₃颗粒直径对Al₂O₃/Cu基复合材料强度及基体晶粒尺寸有着较大的影响;Al₂O₃颗粒直径越大,Al₂O₃/Cu基复合材料的抗拉强度、屈服强度越小;当Al₂O₃颗粒直径为5μm时,Al₂O₃/Cu基复合材料的抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为207和90 MPa,是铜试样的95.8%和95.7%。     

纳米颗粒添加量对Ni-P-Al2O3化学复合镀层耐蚀性的影响

采用化学复合镀的方法在铝合金表面制备了Ni-P-Al2O3复合镀层,采用电化学测试及中性盐雾试验研究了不同纳米Al2O3颗粒添加量对镀层的耐蚀性能以及腐蚀演化过程的影响,采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了镀层的表面形貌,用EDS分析镀层的化学成分,用X荧光测厚仪测量镀层的厚度。结果表明,磁力搅拌分散条件下,镀层耐蚀性随纳米颗粒添加量的变化存在一个最佳范围,即约为2～3g.L-1,所得镀层可以耐中性盐雾48h,在35℃的5%NaCl溶液中浸泡后腐蚀较为均匀。     

Nb2O5掺杂NiFe2O4陶瓷材料的显微结构和导电性能

以NiO、Fe2O3和Nb2O5为原料,采用固相烧结法合成陶瓷粉体,通过等静压-气氛烧结法制备Ni1-xNbxFe2O4(x=0,0.02,0.05,0.07,0.10,0.20)陶瓷试样,并对其进行导电性能测试。通过XRD、SEM、EDX、FTIR和XPS等分析手段对材料的物相组成、显微结构和微区成分进行表征,研究Nb2O5掺杂对陶瓷材料显微结构和导电性能的影响。结果表明:Nb2O5掺杂抑制NiFe2O4基体中NiO相的出现,过量时生成FeNbO4相;适量掺杂(x=0.05)有利于消除晶界孔隙,提高陶瓷的烧结密度;与未掺杂试样相比,掺杂Nb2O5的NiF2O4陶瓷材料的导电性均得到很大改善,其中掺杂量x=0.05的Ni0.95Nb0.05Fe2O4陶瓷试样在1 233 K的电导率较纯NiFe2O4的提高60%。     

0.5Y2O3/Al2O3-Cu/20Mo3SiC复合材料的热变形行为及热加工图

采用真空快速热压烧结法制备了0.5Y₂O₃/Al₂O₃-Cu/20Mo3SiC复合材料,在650～950℃温度范围和0.001～10 s^-1应变速率条件下,利用Gleeble-1500D数控动态-力学模拟试验机对0.5Y₂O₃/Al₂O₃-Cu/20Mo3SiC复合材料进行热变形试验,根据试验结果绘制了其真应力-真应变曲线。根据动态材料学模型,构建了复合材料的热加工图,确定其适宜的热加工参数。结果表明：0.5Y₂O₃/Al₂O₃-Cu/20Mo3SiC复合材料的真应力-真应变曲线存在典型的动态再结晶特征,其热激活能为211.109 kJ/mol,并构建了本构方程;基于动态材料模型构造的热加工图,确定了复合材料最佳的热加工工艺参数为：变形温度为725～950℃,应变速率为0.006～0.223 s^...     

Fe2O3-CaO-TiO2 体系下铁酸钙的合成过程及TiO2 和CaTiO3 的影响

为了确定高钛型钒钛磁铁矿烧结过程中铁酸钙的生成是受TiO₂还是TiO₂和CaO形成的CaTiO₃影响,首先利用Fe₂O₃和CaO的纯试剂合成了铁酸钙,并研究了TiO₂和CaTiO₃对钛铁酸钙 （FCT） 形成的影响。在Factsage 7.0软件进行热力学计算的基础上,通过在空气气氛下进行烧结,获得了在1023~1423 K温度范围内、不同烧结时间的不同样品。通过X射线衍射和扫描电镜-能谱分析等表征手段,对烧结样品的物相转变和微观结构变化进行了表征。发现FCT的形成过程主要分为2个阶段：前一阶段为1023~1223 K温度范围内Fe₂O₃与CaO之间的反应,合成产物为Ca₂Fe₂O₅,反应方程式为“Fe₂O₃(s)+ 2CaO(s)= Ca₂Fe₂O₅(s)”;后一阶段为1223~1423 K温度范围内Ca₂Fe₂O₅和Fe₂O₃的反应,主要产物为CaFe₂O₄,反应为“Ca₂Fe₂O₅(s)+ Fe₂O₃(s)= 2CaFe₂O₄(s)”,该阶段尤其是温度为1423 K时,反应速率显著加快,随温度的升高CaTiO₃显著增加。然而,Ti元素在铁酸钙中的固溶很难实现,TiO₂与铁酸钙之间的反应不是形成FCT的有效途径。随着保温时间的延长,CaTiO₃和FCT相界中Fe元素含量增加。FCT主要是通过Fe组分在CaTiO₃中固溶形成的,主要反应是“Fe₂O₃+CaTiO₃(s)=FCT(s)”。     

Structure and electrochemical performance of FeF3/V2O5 composite cathode material for lithium-ion battery

Orthorhombic structure FeF₃ was synthesized by a liquid-phase method using FeCl₃, NaOH and HF solution as starting materials, and the FeF₃/V₂O₅ composites were prepared by milling the mixture of as-prepared FeF₃ and the conductive V₂O₅ powder. The properties of FeF₃/V₂O₅ composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), galvanostatic charge/discharge and cyclic voltammetry measurements. Results showed that the FeF₃/V₂O₅ composites can be used as cathode material for lithium-ion battery. Electrochemical measurements in a voltage range of 2.0–4.5 V reveal that the addition of conductive V₂O₅ improves significantly the electrochemical performance of FeF₃, and the FeF₃/V₂O₅ composite prepared by milling for 3 h exhibits high discharge capacity and good cycle performance, and its discharge capacity maintains about 209 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 C (23.7 mA g⁻¹) after 30 cycles.     

Photocatalytic performance of nano-photocatalyst from TiO2 and Fe2O3 by mechanochemical synthesis

Nano-particles of homogeneous solid solution between TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃ (up to 10 mol%) have been prepared by mechanochemical milling of TiO₂ and yellow Fe₂O₃/red Fe₂O₃/precipitated Fe (OH)₃ using a planetary ball mill. Such novel solid solution cannot be prepared by conventional co-precipitation technique. A preliminary investigation of photocatalytic activity of mixed oxide (TiO₂/Fe₂O₃) on photo-oxidation of different organic dyes like Rhodamine B (RB), Methyl orange (MO), Thymol blue (TB) and Bromocresol green (BG) under visible light (300-W Xe lamp; λ > 420 nm) showed that TiO₂ having 5 mol% of Fe₂O₃ (YFT1) is 3-5 times higher photoactive than that of P25 TiO₂. The XRD result did not show the peaks assigned to the Fe components (for example Fe₂O₃, Fe₃O₄, FeO₃, and Fe metal) on the external surface of the anatase structure in the Fe₂O₃/TiO₂ attained through mechanochemical treatment. This meant that Fe components were well incorporated into the TiO₂ anatase structure. The average crystallite size and particle size of YFT1 were found to be 12 nm and 30 ± 5 nm respectively measured from XRD and TEM conforming to nanodimensions. Together with the Fe component, they absorbed wavelength of above 387 nm. The band slightly shifted to the right without tail broadness, which was the UV absorption of Fe oxide in the Fe₂O₃/TiO₂ particle attained through mechanochemical method. This meant that Fe components were well inserted into the framework of the TiO₂ anatase structure. EPR and magnetic susceptibility show that Fe³⁺ is in low spin state corresponding to μ_B = 1.8 BM. The temperature variation of μ_B shows that Fe³⁺ is well separated from each other and does not have any antiferromagnetic or ferromagnetic interaction. The evidence of Fe³⁺ in TiO₂/Fe₂O₃ alloy is also proved by a new method that is redox titration which is again support by the XPS spectrum.     

CaO-Bi2O3-MoO3-xNb2O5复合掺杂对高磁导率Mn-Zn铁氧体的微观结构和电磁性能的影响

采用高温固相反应制备了CaO-Bi_2O_3-MoO_3-XNb_2O_5(X=0.000%~0.075%,质量分数,步长:0.015%)复合掺杂的高磁导率Mn-Zn铁氧体材料,利用XRD、SEM、四探针电阻测试仪、阻抗分析仪、和软磁测试仪等分析测试手段对材料结构和性能进行表征,研究了复合掺杂剂中Nb_2O_5掺杂量对高磁导率Mn-Zn铁氧体材料的结构和电磁性能的影响。结果表明:当Nb_2O_5少量掺杂时,Nb_2O_5可以改善材料的微观结构,提高其密度、频率稳定性和品质因数,提高其电阻率,降低其体积功耗;当Nb_2O_5过量掺杂时,Nb_2O_5将恶化材料的微观结构,导致材料的电磁性能变差。当Nb2O5掺杂量为0.030%时材料的综合电磁性能最佳。     

La2O3含量对Al2O3/Cu基复合材料组织与性能的影响

以La₂O₃粉、Al粉、CuO粉为反应物原料、纯铜为基体,采用原位合成技术和近熔点铸造法制备颗粒增强Cu基复合材料,研究La₂O₃对Al-CuO体系制备的Cu基复合材料组织及性能的影响。结果表明：添加La₂O₃可获得纳米Al₂O₃颗粒,且弥散分布于Cu基体中,制备的材料组织更加细小、均匀,其材料的电导率及摩擦磨损性能明显提高。当添加0.6%wtLa₂O₃,复合材料的电导率达到90.2%IACS,磨损量达到最小,相比未添加La₂O₃,其导电率提高10.1%,磨损量减小36.6%。     

Synthesis-structure relations for reactive magnetron sputtered V2O5 films

V₂O₅ films were grown onto MgO (100) substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering between 26 °C to 300 °C to establish a detailed synthesis-structure relation. The effect of deposition temperature on structural characteristics and surface morphology was characterized using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Films prepared at room temperature are amorphous while those deposited above 80 °C exhibit a polycrystalline structure with the orthorhombic symmetry of the V₂O₅ phase.     

Effect of Nd2O3 addition on the surface phase of TiO2 and photocatalytic activity studied by UV Raman spectroscopy

TiO₂ modified with Nd₂O₃ (Nd-TiO₂) nanoparticles were prepared by a co-precipitation method and utilized as the photocatalysts for the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB). The influence of Nd₂O₃ on the bulk and surface phase, surface area, particle size, and optical response of TiO₂ was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), BET, and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra. It is found that the crystalline phase and phase composition in the bulk and surface region of Nd-TiO₂ calcined at high temperatures can be tuned by changing the amount of Nd₂O₃. Based on the results from XPS, EDX, XRD, and UV Raman spectra, it is assumed that Nd³⁺ ions do not enter the TiO₂ lattice, but highly disperse onto the Nd-TiO₂ particle surface in the form of Nd₂O₃ crystallites. These crystallites inhibit the agglomeration, growth in crystal size, and anatase-to-rutile phase transformation of TiO₂. In the photocatalytic degradation of RhB reaction, Nd-TiO₂ nanoparticles with higher surface area and wider optical response are more reactive in case of the same surface anatase phase. When the mixed phases of anatase and rutile exist in the surface region of Nd-TiO₂, the synergetic effect over surface area and optical response is the important parameter which determines optimal photocatalytic activity.     

Shielding behavior of V2O5 doped lead borate glasses towards gamma irradiation

Undoped lead borate glass of the composition PbO 70%-B₂O₃ 30% together with samples of the same composition and doped with varying V₂O₅ contents were prepared. UV-visible absorption spectra were measured out in the range 200-1500 nm before and after successive gamma irradiation. Infrared absorption measurements within the range 4000-400 cm⁻¹ were carried out for the undoped and V₂O₅ doped samples before gamma irradiation and after being irradiated with a dose of 6 Mrad. All the glass samples are observed to absorb strongly in the UV region due to the combined contributions of absorption due to trace iron impurities and that from the divalent lead Pb²⁺ ions. The V₂O₅-doped glasses reveal extra visible absorption bands which are attributed to the existence of V³⁺ ions in measurable content but not neglecting the other valence states of vanadium ions (V⁴⁺, V⁵⁺). Infrared absorption spectra indicate the presence of both triangular and tetrahedral borate groups besides the sharing of lead ions in network forming and network modifying sites.     

Pt/Al2O3催化剂用于NO氧化的活化效应研究

柴油机氧化催化剂(DOC)能将尾气中部分NO氧化成NO_2,一定浓度的NO_2有利于柴油机颗粒捕集器(DPF)的连续再生和提高选择性催化还原催化剂(SCR)对NO_x的转化效率。针对DOC的新鲜态Pt/Al_2O_3 催化剂经过1次程序升温NO催化氧化活性明显提升的现象(活化效应),采用原位红外漫反射实验(in situ DRIFTS)、氢气程序升温还原、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HR-TEM)分析Pt/Al_2O_3催化剂相关过程的物理化学状态。分析结果表明,新鲜态Pt/Al_2O_3催化剂在300℃以下时载体上积累了大量的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐物种,导致新鲜态催化剂活性不高;进一步的分析表明经一次程序升温后催化剂中与载体结合强的PtO_x物种的分解是引起活化效应的主要原因;经过3次程序升温反应,催化剂中Pt粒子的大小没有发生明显改变。     

Effect of Bi2O3 on structure and wetting studies of Bi2O3-ZnO-B2O3 glasses

Glasses with different Bi₂O₃ contents (37-42 mol%) have been prepared by conventional melt quench technique. The IR and Raman studies indicate that these glasses are made up of [BiO₆], [BiO₃], [BO₃] and [BO₄] basic structural units. The vibrations of [BiO₃] and [BO₃] become stronger as the content of Bi₂O₃ increases, which makes glass structure loosened. Viscosity of the glasses was measured by using a Rheotronic III paralleled plate rheometry, which shows that the viscosity of glass samples decreased when the content of Bi₂O₃ increased at the same temperature (400-460 °C). The temperature range which suits for glasses sealing was calculated by using the approximation of Arrhenian behaviour. The wetting performance of Bi₂O₃-ZnO-B₂O₃ glasses was described by using high-temperature microscope, which also proves that the structure of investigated Bi₂O₃-ZnO-B₂O₃ glasses become loosened due to the increasing of the content of Bi₂O₃.