CsPbBr3纳米片–萘之间的高效三线态能量传递

铯铅卤化物钙钛矿纳米晶是光伏和发光应用领域中理想化的三线态敏化材料,具有较高的荧光量子产率和量子限域效应。以三层厚度的CsPbBr₃纳米片（NPLs）为三线态给体,实现了从NPLs到1-萘甲酸（NCA）分子的高效三线态能量传递（TET）。CsPbBr₃ NPLs采用配体辅助再沉淀方法制备,其与NCA分子结合后,稳态荧光被大幅淬灭,荧光寿命从复合前的6.743 ns缩短到0.995 ns,TET效率达到85.3%。通过与大尺寸纳米立方体对比发现,对于CsPbBr₃-多环芳烃复合体系,量子限域效应是获得高效TET的关键。研究结果表明,CsPbBr₃ NPLs作为三线态敏化剂,可应用在基于TET的光子上转换、光催化氧化-还原反应和室温磷光等领域。     

硫化铅纳米粒子的三阶非线性光学特性研究

针对硫化铅(PbS)特殊的三阶非线性光学特性,本文在水溶液里合成了PbS纳米粒子.紫外-可见光谱显示,由于使用了封端剂,合成的样品更加稳定.用紫外-可见吸收光谱和X射线衍射斑研究了PbS纳米粒子的特性,结果表明,由于纳米粒子尺寸减小,其吸收光谱显示极大的蓝移.利用Seherre方程估计PbS粒子的平均粒径约为8.2 n...     

Ag/Bi2O3纳米块自供能紫外探测器的制备及性能

为了实现在无外部供能下对紫外光的有效探测,基于Ag修饰的Bi₂O₃纳米块(Ag/Bi₂O₃)纳米块制备了自供能紫外探测器。通过煅烧法制备Bi₂O₃纳米块,随后采用室温溶液法在其表面沉积Ag纳米粒子,进而成功制备了Ag/Bi₂O₃纳米块,且对所制备样品的晶体结构和微观形貌等进行了表征。结果表明,Ag/Bi₂O₃纳米块的平均尺寸约为1μm,且Ag纳米粒子随机分布在Bi₂O₃纳米块表面。将涂覆Ag/Bi₂O₃纳米块的FTO作为工作电极,并进一步构建了自供能紫外探测器。在365 nm的紫外光照射下,Ag/Bi₂O₃纳米块紫外探测器能在零偏压下实现对紫外光的快速检测,这证实其具有自供能特性。相比于Bi₂O₃...     

SiO2纳米复合材料的研究

以纳米SiO2作为增强材料,制备纳米复合材料,研究了不同处理方法及不同的纳米SiO2含量对纳米复合材料性能的影响,采用透射电镜对纳米SiO2粒子的分布进行了表征.结果表明,超声波与均质高速分散机结合使用,可以使纳米SiO2粒子均匀分散于环氧树脂基体树脂中.当纳米粒子SiO2含量为3%时,复合材料的性能最佳.     

α-FeOOH和α-Fe2O3纳米棒的制备及其对高氯酸铵热分解的催化作用

以FeSO₄·7H₂O和CH₃COONa·3H₂O为原料，采用水热方法制备α-FeOOH纳米棒，将所得α-FeOOH纳米棒于250℃烧结2 h制备α-Fe₂O₃纳米棒，采用差热-热重分析法研究了制备的α-FeOOH和α-Fe₂O₃纳米棒对高氯酸铵热分解的催化性能。结果表明：在100℃水热反应6 h可制备得到平均直径为18 nm的纯相α-FeOOH纳米棒，再于250℃烧结2 h后获得平均直径为16 nm的纯六方相α-Fe₂O₃纳米棒；α-Fe₂O₃和α-FeOOH纳米棒对高氯酸铵热分解的催化效果显著，添加质量分数2%的α-Fe₂O₃纳米棒和α-FeOOH纳米棒可使高氯酸铵的结束分解温度分别降低40,54℃,高温分解峰值温度分别降低51.1,61.6℃;当α-Fe₂...     

In2O3-Mn2O3复合纳米棒的两步水热法合成及其在氢气传感器中的应用

文中以In(NO₃)₃·4.5H₂O为铟源，KMnO₄为锰源，PVP为添加剂，分别以水和无水乙醇为溶剂，通过两步水热法成功合成了In₂O₃-Mn₂O₃复合纳米棒。采用XRD、SEM、XPS对复合材料的物相组成、微观形貌和元素价态进行了表征和分析，并将In₂O₃-Mn₂O₃复合材料组装成气敏传感器元件进行氢气的气敏性能研究。结果表明，相比于In₂O₃,In₂O₃-Mn₂O₃传感器的最佳工作温度降低至325℃,且In₂O₃-Mn₂O₃传感器在重复性实验中对氢气具有高灵敏度，优异的选择性、重复性和稳定性。复合材料表面...     

3J21合金箔片纳米压痕尺寸效应分析

在微观的环境下分析和研究压痕尺寸效应,可以为探索薄膜和微机械材料特性提供有力的理论基础和技术指导。用两种试验方法对厚度为100μm的3J21合金箔片进行纳米压痕试验,从试验中获得3J21合金箔片的力学性能参数。通过分析试验数据可知,3J21合金箔片压痕在微纳米级范围内存在明显尺寸效应。利用3种常用的压痕尺寸效应模型对3J21合金箔片的压痕尺寸效应进行描述和分析,结果表明这3种常用模型能够有效地描述3J21合金箔片的压痕尺寸效应,并且后两种模型能较为准确地预测其真实硬度值。     

水溶性LaF3纳米颗粒的制备及其摩擦学行为研究

以柠檬酸为修饰剂在水溶液中合成表面修饰LaF3纳米微粒,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、热重分析(TG-DTA)、激光粒度分布仪、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)等测试手段对其结构和形貌进行表征;采用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察LaF3纳米微粒作为添加剂时的摩擦学行为;采用X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)分析钢球磨损表面的元素组成。结果表明,柠檬酸修饰的LaF3纳米微粒,平均粒径约为4 nm;LaF3纳米微粒在水中的分散性良好,作为水基添加剂,在摩擦过程中可在钢摩擦副表面的形成由Fe2O3、La2O3等为主要组成部分的边界润滑膜,因此表现出极好的抗磨减摩性能,具有很好的应用前景。     

原位制备CaCO3微纳米流体及摩擦学性能研究

选用菜籽油、失水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯(Span 80)、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(TX-7)、正丁醇制备W/O型微乳液，并将其作为微反应器原位合成CaCO₃微纳米粒子。对CaCO₃粒子形貌的表征表明，随含水量增加，CaCO₃粒子由球形转变为梭形薄片状，CaCO₃粒子尺寸也可受含水量控制。通过四球摩擦磨损试验机评价CaCO₃微纳米流体的摩擦学性能，结果表明，该微乳液体系相较于基础油的摩擦因数降低了约55.74%,CaCO₃粒子使微乳液P_B值提高了约10.88%,摩擦面粗糙度降低了约16.01%。在摩擦过程中，胶团在表面活性剂的作用下平行吸附于摩擦面且易于剪切，实现优异的减摩效果；梭形薄片状的CaCO₃微纳米粒子可以抑制表面微凸体之间的直接接触，减少黏着磨损与磨粒磨损，从而发挥极压作用并显著改善表面质量。     

纳米Al2O3填充LDPE/POM复合材料的力学和摩擦性能研究

采用挤出混合与注塑成型制备出不同含量的纳米Al2O3填充LDPE/POM复合材料,并进行力学和摩擦磨损性能实验。结果表明,随着纳米Al2O3的增加,LDPE/POM复合材料的缺口冲击性能先提高后降低,其中添加8%纳米Al2O3后复合材料的缺口冲击强度提高了近3倍;添加Al2O3纳米粒子后增加了复合材料的摩擦因数,但对耐磨性影响不大。由于纳米Al2O3作为刚性粒子可以提高材料的硬度,因此复合材料仍表现出良好的耐磨性;然而纳米粒子在摩擦表面富集,产生了犁沟现象,因此提高了材料的摩擦因数。     

Sliding wear characteristics of plasma-sprayed Al2O3 and Cr2O3 coatings against copper alloy under severe conditions

Al₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃ coatings were deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying and their tribological properties dry sliding against copper alloy were evaluated using a block-on-ring configuration at room temperature. It was found that the wear resistance of Al₂O₃ coating was superior to that of the Cr₂O₃ coating under the conditions used in the present study. This mainly attributed to its better thermal conductivity of Al₂O₃ coating, which was considered to effectively facilitate the dissipation of tribological heat and alleviate the reduction of hardness due to the accumulated tribological heat. As for the Al₂O₃ coating, the wear mechanism was plastic deformation along with some micro-abrasion and fatigue-induced brittle fracture, while the failure of Cr₂O₃ coating was predominantly the crack propagation-induced detachment of transferred films and splats spallation.     

Tribological properties of ZrO2 (Y2O3)-Mo-BaF2/CaF2 composites at high temperatures

ZrO₂ (Y₂O₃) with different contents of BaF₂/CaF₂ and Mo were fabricated by hot pressed sintering, and the tribological behavior of the composites against SiC ceramic was investigated from room temperature to 1000 °C. It was found that the ZrO₂ (Y₂O₃)-5BaF₂/CaF₂-10Mo composite possessed excellent self-lubricating and anti-wear properties. The low friction and wear were attributed to enhanced matrix and BaMoO₄ formed on the worn surfaces.     

Influence of Al2O3 reinforcement on the abrasive wear characteristic of Al2O3/PA1010 composite coatings

In the present study, the abrasive wear characteristics of Al₂O₃/PA1010 composite coatings were tested on the turnplate abrasive wear testing machine. Steel 45 (quenched and low-temperature tempered) was used as a reference material. The experimental results showed that when the Al₂O₃ particles have been treated with a silane coupling agent (γ-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane), the abrasive wear resistance of Al₂O₃/PA1010 composite coatings has a good linear relationship with the volume fraction of Al₂O₃ particles in Al₂O₃/PA1010 composite coatings and the linear correlation coefficient is 0.979. Under the experimental conditions, the size of Al₂O₃ particles (40.5-161.0 μm) has little influence on the abrasive wear resistance of Al₂O₃/PA1010 composite coatings. By treating the surface of Al₂O₃ particles with the silane coupling agent, the distribution of Al₂O₃ particles in PA1010 matrix is more homogeneous and the bonding state between Al₂O₃ particles and PA1010 matrix is better. Therefore, the Al₂O₃ particles make the Al₂O₃/PA1010 composite coatings have better abrasive wear resistance than PA1010 coating. The wear resistance of Al₂O₃/PA1010 composite coatings is about 45% compared with that of steel 45.     

Modelling particulate erosion–corrosion regime transitions for Al/Al2O3 and Cu/Al2O3 MMCs in aqueous conditions

Very little research effort has been directed at development of models of erosion–corrosion of composite materials. This is because, in part, the understanding of the erosion–corrosion mechanisms of such materials is poor. In addition, although there has been a significant degree of effort in the development of models for erosion of MMCs, there are still difficulties in applying such models to the laboratory trends on erosion rate.In this paper, the methodology for mapping erosion–corrosion processes in aqueous slurries was extended to particulate composites. An inverse rule of mixtures was used for the construction of the erosion model for the particulate MMCs. The corrosion rate calculation was evaluated with reference to the matrix material.The erosion–corrosion maps for composites showed significant dependency on pH and applied potential. In addition, the corrosion resistance of the matrix material was observed to affect the regime boundaries. Materials maps were generated based on the results to show the optimum composite composition for exposure to the environment.     

High-temperature tribological properties of spark-plasma-sintered Al2O3 composites containing barite-type structure sulfates

Al₂O₃–50BaSO₄–20Ag, Al₂O₃–50BaSO₄–10SiO₂, Al₂O₃–50(mass%)SrSO₄, Al₂O₃–50PbSO₄–5SiO₂, Al₂O₃–50BaSO₄ and Al₂O₃–50BaCrO₄ composites (mass%) were prepared by spark plasma sintering and their microstructure and high-temperature tribological properties were evaluated. Al₂O₃–50BaSO₄–20Ag composites (mass%) showed the lowest friction coefficients at the temperature ranging from 473 to 1073 K. Thin Ag film was observed on the wear tracks of the composites above 473 K. In addition, the friction coefficients of Al₂O₃ composites containing SrSO₄ and PbSO₄ were as low as those of Al₂O₃–BaSO₄ and Al₂O₃–BaCrO₄ composites at the temperatures up to 1073 K. The thin films formed on the wear tracks of the Al₂O₃–SrSO₄ composites were composed of Al₂O₃ and SrSO₄ phases, while the films formed on the wear tracks of the Al₂O₃–PbSO₄–SiO₂ composites consisted of Al₂O₃, PbSO₄ and SiO₂ phases.     

The effect of Al2O3 on the friction performance of automotive brake friction materials

This study consists of two stages. In the first stage, bronze-based break linings were produced and friction-wear properties of them were investigated. In the second stage, 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 4% alumina (Al₂O₃) powders were added to the bronze-based powders and Al₂O₃ reinforced bronze-based break linings were produced. Friction–wear properties of the Al₂O₃ reinforced samples were aslo investigated and compared to those of plain bronze-based ones. For this purpose, friction coefficient and wear behaviour of the samples were tested on the grey cast iron disc. The hardness and density of the samples were also determined. Microstructures of the samples before and after the sintering and the worn surfaces of the wear specimens were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The sample compacted at 350 MPa and sintered at 820 °C exhibited the optimum friction–wear behaviour. With increase in friction surface temperature, a reduction in the friction coefficient of the samples was observed. The lowest reduction in the friction coefficient with increasing temperature was for the 2% and 4% Al₂O₃ reinforced samples. The SEM images of the sample indicated that increase in Al₂O₃ content resulted in adhesive wear. With increase in Al₂O₃ content, a reduction in mass loss of the samples was also observed. Overall, the samples reinforced with 2% and 4% Al₂O₃ exhibited the best results.     

Study on the tribological behavior of hybrid PTFE/cotton fabric composites filled with Sb2O3 and melamine cyanurate

The tribological behavior of the hybrid PTFE/cotton fabric composites filled with microsize Sb₂O₃ and melamine cyanurate (MCA) was investigated. It was found that the wear rate of the hybrid PTFE/cotton fabric composites decreased when Sb₂O₃ was used as the filler but increased with MCA filler. It was also observed that hybrid fillers (consists of Sb₂O₃ and MCA) had a wear reduction effect on the hybrid PTFE/cotton fabric composites at lower loads but increased the wear rate at higher loads. The wear behavior of the composites was explained in terms of the topography of worn surfaces and transfer film formed on the counterpart pin.     

单层MoS2和WS2的太赫兹近场显微成像研究

采用太赫兹散射式扫描近场光学显微镜(THz s-SNOM)研究了化学气相沉积法制备的单层MoS₂和WS₂晶粒的太赫兹近场响应。在没有可见光激发时,未探测到可分辨的太赫兹近场响应,说明晶粒具有较低的掺杂载流子浓度。有可见光激发时,由于光生载流子的太赫兹近场响应,能够测得与晶粒轮廓完全吻合的太赫兹近场显微图。在相同的光激发条件下,MoS₂的太赫兹近场响应强于WS₂,反映了两者之间载流子浓度或迁移率的差异。研究结果表明,THz s-SNOM兼具超高的空间分辨率和对光生载流子的灵敏探测能力,对二维半导体材料和器件光电特性的微观机理研究具有独特的优势。     

Tribo-physical and tribo-chemical aspects of WC-based cermet/Ti3SiC2 tribo-pair at elevated temperatures

The tribological behaviors of tungsten carbide (WC) based cermet/Ti₃SiC₂ tribo-pair at elevated temperatures were investigated. Lead oxide (PbO) was added as a solid lubricant. The tribo-physical and tribo-chemical changes on sliding surfaces were studied in detail. The results indicated that adhesive and abrasive wear due to removal of metallic binder and pullout of grains were the dominant wear mechanisms at room temperature. At high temperature, tribo-physical changes (i.e. mechanical mixture or sintering) and tribo-chemical reactions including complex reaction and oxidations were induced by frictional heat combined with high environmental temperature. As a result PbWO₄ was formed as a reaction product and acted as a solid lubricant. PbWO₄ and tribo-oxides along with the physically changed layer on the sliding surfaces were favorable to reduce wear of both materials. At high temperature, the wear mechanism varied from adhesive and abrasive wear at room temperature to lubrication by tribo-layer containing PbWO₄, tribo-oxides, and sinters at high temperatures.