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电化学储能材料及储能技术是新能源利用和实现双碳目标的关键。本文结合上海电力大学上海市电力材料防护与新材料重点实验室的研究成果,综述了近年来电化学储能材料及储能技术的最新研究进展,包括锂离子电池、钠离子电池、锂硫电池和超级电容器等,分析了各电化学储能技术目前存在的主要问题,从电化学储能机理的角度出发,介绍了正负电极、隔膜、电解质和集流体等电化学储能材料组成和结构的改进方法,为开发大容量、长寿命、高安全、低成本的电化学储能器件提供新的思路。最后,对电化学储能技术的未来发展趋势提出了展望,即探索全固态电池、金属-空气电池等新一代储能器件,拓展电化学储能器件在全温度、柔性条件下的适用性。 相似文献
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电化学电容是一种与电池和传统的电容都不同的新型储能器件。电化学电容具有比传统的电介质电容高 2 0到 2 0 0倍以上的质量比电容。研究证明 ,电化学电容所具有的大容量是由于电极表面的双电层电容和氧化还原反应导致的“假电容”的共同作用而引起的。系统的介绍了电化学电容器的广泛应用、发展历史、储能机理以及它和电池与传统电介质电容的区别 ,并且系统的介绍了影响电化学电容器性能的若干个主要因素。 相似文献
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功能水凝胶作为一种三维高分子网络结构的软湿材料,具有可灵活调控的功能特性,为设计和构建高性能柔性超级电容器提供了理想的材料。本文综述了近年来面向柔性超级电容器领域的功能水凝胶材料的研究进展,重点分类介绍了面向电化学双层电容器和赝电容器的功能水凝胶材料的设计构建和性能强化。探讨了通过水凝胶电解质及电极材料的组成结构设计和性能调控来提升超级电容器的电化学性能和力学性能的策略。同时,探讨了水凝胶电解质及电极材料的组成结构设计和性能调控在实现其自愈合、高耐寒等多样化功能特性方面的重要作用。最后,对功能水凝胶材料柔性超级电容器在高储能、高柔性、高保水、自愈合、高耐寒、绿色可降解等方面的未来发展进行了展望。 相似文献
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The objective of this work is to evaluate the use of an electrochemical hydrogen pump for recirculation of hydrogen in a fuel
cell stack. The hydrogen pump needed about 130 mV at 0.5 A cm−2, primarily because of the cell resistance (0.18 Ω cm2). This voltage loss was higher than a fuel cell voltage gain resulting from hydrogen recirculation. However, if one pumping
cell is used for 10 active cells this means 13 mV loss per cell (or about 2%) which may be an acceptable voltage penalty.
A stack with hydrogen recirculation should operate with less voltage fluctuation and should need purging less often than a
stack operating with a dead-end mode of hydrogen supply. An additional benefit of hydrogen purification may be achieved in
the systems with a fuel processor where operation in a dead-end mode is not possible. Attention must be paid to water management
when designing and operating a hydrogen pump within a fuel cell stack. 相似文献
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电解加工是一种以离子形式去除加工件表面材料的方式,使得该技术在微细加工领域具有先天的优势。各种新型电解加工方式的出现,解决了传统电解加工中的不足,在机械、电子、宇航等领域得到广泛应用。 相似文献
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N-甲基羟胺及其盐酸盐广泛应用于医药和农药中间体的合成,以及核废料处理与回收等领域.采用线性扫描和循环伏安方法,研究了硝基甲烷电还原一步制备N-甲基羟胺及其盐酸盐的反应特性.在盐酸溶液中,硝基甲烷在铜、铜汞齐和镍电极上均具有明显的还原活性,其活性大小依次为铜>铜汞齐>镍>石墨,其中硝基甲烷在铜电极上的还原电位为-0.65~-0.75V(vs.SCE).电解合成试验结果表明,采用铜和铜汞齐作为阴极材料,电合成N-甲基羟胺盐酸盐的电流效率均超过90%,产品收率超过86%;采用镍和石墨作阴极,电流效率和产品收率均较低.其中铜电极在1200~2500A·m-2的电流密度范围内,电解时间为理论电解时间的80%时,具有最好的电流效率.与传统的催化氢化法合成N-甲基羟胺比较,电化学还原硝基甲烷制备N-甲基羟胺盐反应条件温和、污染少、成本低,是一种非常有效的合成新方法. 相似文献
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K. Scott 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》1992,54(3):257-266
This paper presents a relatively straightforward approach to the modelling of electrochemical reactors operated in batch or continuous modes. The models are based on ideal flow assumptions of either well-mixed or plug flow and incorporate reaction rate models based on electrochemical kinetics and mass transport at one electrode. General characteristics of the reactor models are described, particularly with regard to the need for good mass transport in metal recovery applications. An example is given on the use of the model in the recovery of a heavy metal (Cd2+) from an acidified solution containing Cd(II) and Fe(III) ions. The reaction rate model is based on experimental data. 相似文献
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Combined electrooxidation and assisted electrochemical coagulation of aqueous phenol wastes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
P. Cañizares F. Martínez J. García-Gómez C. Sáez M.A. Rodrigo 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2002,32(11):1241-1246
The electrochemical treatment of basic (pH 12) aqueous phenol wastes using stainless steel electrodes is described. Two different processes have been identified in the removal of the phenol from aqueous wastes: electrooxidation, which leads to the formation of carboxylic acids and carbon dioxide, and solids-forming assisted electrochemical processes (including complexation, precipitation and/or coagulation) produced by the generation of Fe3+ ions in the waste during treatment. The effect of the initial carbon concentration, temperature and current density has also been investigated. It was determined that increases in the initial carbon concentration and temperature lead to increases in the reaction rates of the treatment processes and that increased current density leads to a decrease in the rate of electrooxidation and an increase in the rate of the solid-forming processes. 相似文献