原位生成TiCx增强Ni合金复合材料的制备及力学性能研究

以Ti₃AlC₂和Ni合金粉为原料,采用原位热压烧结法制备了TiC_x/Ni合金复合材料。高温下Ni合金引起Ti₃AlC₂分解形成TiC_x,Al原子和少部分Ti原子从基体中脱离,并与Ni合金发生反应。添加20Vol%Ti₃AlC₂和40Vol%Ti₃AlC₂时,TiC_x中x的值分别为0.625和0.715。利用XRD、SEM和 EDS等表征方法对复合材料进行物相分析以及微观结构分析。研究表明,原位生成的TiC_x与Ni合金基体结合牢固,所制备的复合材料具有优异的力学性能,添加20%Ti₃AlC₂和40%Ti₃AlC₂时,复合材料的压缩强度分别达到了2.2 GPa和2.09 GPa,相应的压缩断裂应变分别为9.6%和8.5%。     

Fe、Al元素含量对Fe(2-x)CrMnAlxCu高熵合金组织性的影响

本研究将Fe、Al作为联合变量进行微调,检测并分析Fe、Al共同变化对Fe_(2-x)CrMnAl_xCu(x=1.3、1.4、1.5、1.6、1.7)高熵合金的相结构、微观组织、压缩性能、硬度、摩擦性能的影响。实验结果表明,Fe_(2-x)CrMnAl_xCu高熵合金的枝晶间及枝晶组织均由bcc相构成,且枝晶内部析出有序bcc相和FeAl相析出物,其析出物含量随着Fe含量减少,Al含量的增加略微增加,使得Fe_(2-x)CrMnAl_xCu高熵合金的硬度不断增加。当x=1.6时,高熵合金的综合性能达到最佳,其硬度高达558.5 HV,屈服强度为1205.43 MPa,抗压强度为1431.52 MPa,变形率为9.06%。并且在Fe含量减少,Al含量的增加的同时,高熵合金内的元素偏析的现象得到了一定程度的缓解。     

Ti6Al4V合金激光熔覆Co-Cu/Ti3SiC2复合涂层组织与摩擦学性能∗

为突破 Ti6Al4V 合金在关键运动零部件的应用限制,提高其耐磨减摩性能并延长稳定服役周期,采用激光熔覆技术成功在其表面制备 Co-5%Ti ₃ SiC₂ 、Co-5%Ti ₃ SiC₂ -10%Cu、Co-5%Ti ₃ SiC₂ -20%Cu (wt. %) 三种配比的复合涂层,系统分析三种复合涂层的微观组织、物相、显微硬度以及室温和 600 ℃ 下的摩擦学性能和磨损机理。 研究发现:Co-5%Ti 3 SiC2 涂层主要由γ-Co 固溶体、润滑相 Ti ₃ SiC₂ 、硬质相 TiC 和金属间化合物 CoTi _x 构成,含 Cu 涂层出现新物相 Cu 及 CuTi _x。 性能上,复合涂层的显微硬度均得到大幅提高,达到 Ti6Al4V 基体(370 HV_{0. 5} )的 2. 1 ~ 2. 4 倍。 室温下,Co-5%Ti ₃ SiC₂ -10%Cu 涂层表现出最好的减摩性能,摩擦因数降低了 68. 7%;而在 600 ℃ 下,复合涂层发生严重氧化,形成氧化膜使磨损率降低,其中 Co-5%Ti ₃ SiC₂-20%Cu 涂层磨损率为 2. 5×10^-7 mm ³ / N·m,表现出最好的耐磨性。 探索了一类新的耐磨减摩涂层体系,表现出良好的提升效果,并揭示了 MAX 相与传统软金属之间的协同润滑过程。     

超细WC颗粒对纳米CeO2增强激光镍基涂层的显微组织和耐磨性影响

CO₂激光器熔覆1wt.%纳米CeO₂和20wt.%WC添加的镍基合金涂层的磨损、显微组织与1wt.%纳米CeO₂添加镍基合金涂层进行对比。上述两种涂层均熔覆在基体30CrMnSiNi2A上并呈优良冶金结合。超细碳化物WC对WC-CeO₂/Ni涂层的显微组织影响由X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM)连同能量色散谱(EDS),电子探针(EPMA)进行分析。添加WC后M₂₃C₆增多,而M₇C₃减少。通过维氏硬度计和磨损测试系统对有WC添加和无添加CeO₂镍基合金涂层进行综合机械性能比。得出结论WC-CeO₂/Ni涂层明显优于CeO₂/Ni涂层。极少数热裂纹出现于WC-CeO₂/Ni涂层,萌生并扩展于熔池凝固过程中,对此做了SEM和EDS分析。裂纹机理可归因为铁稀释和WC添加导致的涂层与基体30CrMnSiNi2A间线膨胀系数间差异。     

热流密度对高速钢刀具多道熔覆WC/Co陶瓷层组织与性能的影响

目的 研究高速钢刀具表面激光多道熔覆WC/Co陶瓷层时,热流密度对熔覆层道次间的影响规律,以及多道熔覆层制备时的参数选择。方法 建立多道单层激光熔覆理论模型,并利用模拟仿真和实验的方法,以热流密度作为评价指标,对激光热源的不同参数和熔覆层组织与性能进行耦合分析。结果 当热流密度小于24.06×10⁶ W/m²时,熔覆层内形成细长的枝状晶。当热流密度在36.09×10⁶~39.82×10⁶ W/m²变化时,熔覆层内形成以胞状、枝状为主要强化相的多晶体混合组织。当热流密度大于44.11×10⁶ W/m²时,熔覆层组织形成稳态的块状结构。不同热流密度下,熔覆层的物相组织均由Fe3W3C、Co3W3C、Mo3Co3C、W2C、WC、Cr3Mo、(Cr,Fe)7C3和多种间隙化合物组成。结论 当第n道熔覆层制备完成后,受到后续第n+1道熔覆层制备时热流密度的影响较大,而此后道次的影响较小。熔覆层内部组织形态随着热流密度的增加从细长的枝状晶向胞状晶转变,再逐渐形成稳态块状晶。熔覆层内各位置的显微硬度值随着热流密度的增加而先增大,随后逐渐减小。较大的热流密度会导致基材参与熔覆的质量增加,但降低了基材的抗弯曲强度,加大了熔覆层及基材断裂的可能性。当热流密度为36.09×10⁶ W/m²时,是一组较为理想的工艺参数选择。     

Cr3C2/WC的添加对Stellite 12熔覆层耐磨耐蚀性的影响

目的 提高Stellite 12熔覆层的耐磨耐蚀性能。方法 将Stellite 12合金粉末与碳化物(Cr3C2、WC)混合,采用激光熔覆技术在H13钢板上制备复合熔覆层。通过超景深显微镜和XRD分析其显微组织和物相,通过显微硬度测试、摩擦磨损试验和电化学腐蚀试验,分别评价熔覆层的硬度、耐磨性和耐蚀性,并通过超景深显微镜对磨痕形貌进行分析。结果 添加碳化物后,熔覆层的微观组织以柱状晶和树枝晶为主,物相主要由γ-Co固溶体和碳化物(M23C6、M7C3)组成;Cr3C2的添加使得熔覆层的硬度降低,由610HV0.2降至530HV0.2,但耐磨性得到提高,磨损量由0.45 mm³降至0.33 mm³,下降了28%,耐蚀性得到提高,腐蚀电位由−0.385 V增加到−0.264 V,腐蚀电流密度由9.269×10⁻¹⁰ A/cm²降至1.496×10⁻¹⁰ A/cm²,极化电阻由3.982×10⁷ Ω.cm²提升至2.424×10⁸ Ω.cm²,提高了1个数量级;WC的添加使其硬度由610HV0.2提高至750HV0.2,磨损深度变浅,磨损量由0.45 mm³降至0.19 mm³,下降了43%,但耐腐蚀性有所降低。3种熔覆层的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损。结论 WC的添加可以有效提高熔覆层的硬度和耐磨性,但耐腐蚀性有所降低;添加Cr3C2后,耐蚀性得到显著提高,耐磨性略微提升,但硬度降低。     

Y2O3含量对激光熔覆0.3C-18Cr合金涂层组织和性能的影响

在3Cr14不锈钢基体上激光熔覆制备不同Y₂O₃含量的0.3C-18Cr复合涂层。采用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、显微硬度仪等设备研究了不同Y₂O₃含量对熔覆层的微观结构、相组成及硬度的影响。结果表明,未添加Y₂O₃试样熔覆层有较多孔洞,熔覆层组织由晶内铁素体、晶界分布的上贝氏体及少量马氏体组成;加入在3Cr14不锈钢基体上激光熔覆制备不同Y2O3含量的0.3C-18Cr复合涂层。采用金相显微镜（OM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、显微硬度仪等设备研究了不同Y2O3含量对熔覆层的微观结构、相组成及硬度的影响。结果表明,未添加Y2O3试样熔覆层有较多孔洞,熔覆层组织由晶内铁素体、晶界分布的上贝氏体及少量马氏体组成;加入Y2O3后熔覆层枝晶长度减小且数量减少,枝晶尖端钝化且径向粗化,长径比减小,同时熔覆层气孔减少,熔覆层得到净化;熔覆层组织由板条马氏体+晶界少量贝氏体构成;且随Y2O3含量增加,板条马氏体略有粗化,贝氏体数量明显减少,贝氏体碳化物的碳浓度增大,碳化物类型由低碳型碳化物向高碳型碳化物转变。加入Y2O3后,熔覆层显微硬度显著提高,添加2% Y2O3时熔覆层的硬化效果最佳,比未添加Y2O3时增加160 HV0.2。     

碳含量对激光熔覆CoCrFeMnNiCx高熵合金涂层摩擦磨损和耐蚀性能的影响

采用激光熔覆技术在 45 钢基体上制备了不同碳含量(等摩尔比)的 CoCrFeMnNiC_x( x = 0,0. 03,0. 06,0. 09, 0. 12,0. 15)高熵合金涂层。 通过 X 射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜( SEM)、HVS-1000A 型显微硬度计、RST5000 型电化学工作站、UMT-2 型摩擦磨损试验机等表征和测试手段研究了不同碳含量对激光熔覆 CoCrFeMnNiC_x 高熵合金涂层物相结构、显微硬度、摩擦磨损及耐腐蚀性能的影响。 结果表明,当碳含量 x 由 0 逐渐增加至 0. 09 时,高熵合金相结构由 FCC 固溶体转变为 FCC 固溶体和 M23C6 相共存,合金微观组织变得细小;熔覆层硬度由 183. 20 HV_{0. 2} 增加至 223. 48 HV_{0. 2} ; 涂层的摩擦因数降低,耐磨性能变强;腐蚀电位由-469 mV 增大至-348 mV,腐蚀电流密度由 14. 95 μA·cm^-2 减小为 2. 29 μA·cm^-2 ,耐腐蚀性增强。 当碳含量 x 由 0. 09 逐渐增加至 0. 15 时,合金相结构再次转变为 FCC 固溶体,且合金微观组织恢复粗大状态;熔覆层硬度与耐腐蚀性降低,但耐磨性能却先减弱后增强。 合金在碳含量为 0. 09 时,硬度最高且耐腐蚀性能最强;在碳含量为 0. 15 时,耐磨性最强。     

纳米柱状多孔WO3- x /TiO2 薄膜的电致变色性能

采用反应磁控溅射在掠射角度α=0°和α=80°的条件下制备氧化钨（WO_3-x）薄膜,然后在其表面沉积二氧化钛（TiO₂）。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）和X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）对WO_3-x/TiO₂薄膜的晶体结构、表面/断面形貌以及表面化学成分进行表征。在三电极体系1 mol/L LiClO₄/PC溶液中,采用电化学工作站和紫外-可见分光光度计测试了WO_3-x/TiO₂薄膜的电致变色性能。XRD结果表明,WO_3-x/TiO₂薄膜为非晶态结构,与掠射角度无关。当掠射角度为80°时,获得了纳米柱状多孔薄膜。从 W 4f和Ti 2p的XPS谱图确认氧化钨为亚化学计量比的WO_3-x,而氧化钛为满足化学计量比的TiO₂。与致密薄膜相比,纳米柱状多孔薄膜需要较低的驱动电压且具有较快的响应速度。纳米柱状多孔薄膜的电荷容量为83.78 mC,是致密薄膜电荷容量30.83 mC的2倍以上。在±1.2 V驱动电压下,注入和脱出离子扩散速率分别为D_in=5.69×10^-10 cm²/s和D_de= 5.08×10^-10 cm²/s。与纯WO₃薄膜相比,WO_3-x/TiO₂薄膜的电致变色循环稳定性更好。纳米柱状多孔薄膜在可见光范围内具有较大的光调制幅度,因此其光密度变化（ΔOD）大于致密薄膜。     

Ni48Co1Mn37In14- x Al x 磁性记忆合金马氏体相变、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能

采用电弧熔炼的材料制备方法，研究了微量的主族元素Al掺杂对Ni₄₈Co₁Mn₃₇In_14-xAl_x (0≤x≤2)磁性形状记忆合金显微组织、晶体结构、马氏体相变、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明：用Al替代部分In，合金的晶粒尺寸明显减小，掺杂2at%的Al元素，平均晶粒尺寸缩小到10 μm左右，大约为未掺杂样品的三十五分之一；当Al掺杂量在0.25at%~2at%时，金属Al完全固溶到基体中，而且Al在合金中的固溶度随掺杂量的增加有所提升，当Al掺杂量为2at%时，Al在基体中的固溶度接近2at%；随着Al对In的取代，室温下合金由L2₁立方奥氏体与单斜6M马氏体的两相结构转变为单一的6M调制马氏体相结构，晶胞体积逐渐减小，马氏体相变温度呈现上升趋势；合金抗压强度不断增大，Ni₄₈Co₁Mn₃₇In₁₂Al₂的抗压缩断裂强度与Ni₄₈Co₁Mn₃₇In₁₄相比提高了160%，压缩应变也由5.46%增加到6.36%；适量的Al替代In后，合金在人工海水中的耐腐蚀性能总体呈现不断增强的趋势，Ni₄₈Co₁Mn₃₇In₁₂Al₂合金的耐腐蚀性能明显高于Ni₄₈Co₁Mn₃₇In₁₄合金，且其耐腐蚀性接近于304不锈钢。     

MnBi/Sm2Co17复合磁粉制备、磁性能及微结构研究

采用化学辅助高能球磨工艺制备了MnBi/Sm_2Co_(17)纳米晶复合磁粉,研究了MnBi合金添加量对复合磁体磁性能和微结构的影响。随着MnBi合金添加量的增加,复合磁粉的内禀矫顽力先稍上升,后基本保持不变,但均低于纯MnBi磁粉的864kA/m;磁粉的饱和磁化强度和剩余磁化强度均逐渐下降。复合磁粉中没有发现明显的元素互扩散现象。采用Henkel曲线分析了复合磁体的交换耦合作用,复合磁粉的δM在添加量为15%(质量分数)时达到极大值,说明该复合磁体具有较强的交换耦合作用,结合磁粉形貌分析了随着MnBi合金添加量的增加复合磁粉剩磁比的演变规律。     

Corrosion characteristics of LiBH4 film exposed to a CO2/H2O/O2/N2 mixture

LiBH₄ films were prepared by pulsed laser deposition using a LiB target in a background pressure of hydrogen. The corrosion characteristics of LiBH₄ films were measured by exposing them to a gas mixture of CO₂/H₂O/O₂/N₂ at ambient temperature for 1–24 h. Scanning electron microscopy images show some cracks on the surface of corrosion films, which could act as easy paths for H₂O and CO₂ to further react with Li⁺ and B³⁺. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results and theoretical analysis show that LiBH₄ tends to react with H₂O and CO₂ to form Li₂B₄O₇, Li₂CO₃ and LiOH during the corrosion process.     

Electronic structure and optical property of As2(Te1−xSx)3 and As2(Te1−xSex)3 crystals

Single crystals of S- and Se-incorporated As₂Te₃ have been grown by vertical Bridgman method. The electronic structure and optical property of As₂(Te_1−xS_x)₃ [ATS] and As₂(Te_1−xSe_x)₃ [ATSe] series compounds have been characterized experimentally by thermoreflectance (TR) measurements in a wide energy range of 0.7-6 eV. X-ray diffraction measurements showed that the diffraction peaks of sulfur- and selenium-incorporated As₂(Te_1−xS_x)₃ 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3 and As₂(Te_1−xSe_x)₃ 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6 crystals shift to higher diffraction angles with the increase of the sulfur or selenium incorporations. The analysis of X-ray measurement revealed similar crystalline phase for the As₂Te₃ and those of the S- or Se-incorporated As₂Te₃. The experimental TR spectra of As₂(Te_1−xS_x)₃ (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) and As₂(Te_1−xSe_x)₃ (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) exhibit a lot of derivative-like spectral features in the vicinity of band edge as well as in the higher-lying bands. Transition energies and broadening parameters of the TR features at 40 and 300 K were analyzed. Compositional dependences of band gap and interband transition energies of the ATS and ATSe series were evaluated. The origins for the interband transitions in the ATS and ATSe are assigned. Based on the experimental analyses, the electronic structure of the diarsenic trichalcogenides, As₂(Te_1−xSe_x)₃ and As₂(Te_1−xS_x)₃, is hence being realized.     

Crystal structures and structural relationships of KFe2(SeO2OH)(SeO3)3 and SrCo2(SeO2OH)2(SeO3)2

The new phases KFe₂(SeO₂OH)(SeO₃)₃ and SrCo₂(SeO₂OH)₂(SeO₃)₂ have been synthesized under low-hydrothermal conditions and their structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray methods. Both compounds are monoclinic; KFe₂(SeO₂OH)(SeO₃)₃: space group P2, A = 9.983(4), B = 5.270(1), C = 10.614(4) Å, β = 97.42(2)°, V = 553.7 ų, Z = 2; SrCo₂(SeO₂OH)₂(SeO₃)₂: space group P2ln, A = 14.984(2), B = 5.286(1), C = 13.790(2) Å, β = 94.72(1)°, V = 1088.5 ų , Z = 4. The refinements converged to R-values of 2.9 and 3.6% respectively.

The atomic arrangement in KFe₂(SeO₂OH)(SeO₃)₃ and SrCo₂(SeO₂OH)₂(SeO₃)₂ is based on isolated MO₆ octahedra (M = Fe³⁺, Co²⁺), which are corner-linked via trigonal pyramidal selenite groups to a framework structure. Interstitials are occupied by potassium or strontium atoms in ten- or eight-coordination respectively, and by the lone-pair electrons of the Se⁴⁺ atoms. Both compounds are not isotypic but are closely related and may be interpreted as different distortions of an idealized structure type in space group P2/m, which was modelled for a theoretical compound SrFe₂(SeO₃)₄ by distance least squares refinement (program ).     

针状Ti-55511合金热变形及后续退火过程中组织演变及其力学性能研究

对针状Ti–55511近β钛合金进行750 °C热轧和600 °C/1h退火,研究合金在热轧及退火中组织演变及力学性能。结果表明,热轧时,针片α相将发生动态再结晶（DRX）,与β相的Burgers取向关系（Burgers orientation relationship）发生破坏,进而形成细小的等轴α相,使合金强度及塑性提高。后续退火过程中,α相通过静态再结晶（SRX）进一步发生球化和长大,次生α相析出,β相发生再结晶,合金的强度提高,塑性降低。在变形初期,针片α相内产生两种孪晶变体（交叉状孪晶）,随着α相球化程度增加`,α相内将产生三种孪晶变体（针织状孪晶）。在后续退火过程中,这些孪晶将逐渐缩短,进而分解消失,表现在退火样品中α晶粒内存在纳米级孪晶（孪晶缩短）与层错（孪晶分解）。     

20Wf/30ZrCp/W复合材料的组织结构与力学性能

采用真空热压烧结法制备了致密度为98.5%的20W     

The dielectric function of Mgy NiHx thin films ()

Mg_y Ni (2≤y≤10) thin films covered with a Pd cap layer are hydrogenated in 10⁵  Pa H₂ between room temperature and 80 ° C and their dielectric function is determined from reflection and transmission measurements. The hydrogenated Mg_y NiH_x thin films show a continuous shift of the optical absorption towards higher photon energies with increasing y. Comparison of the obtained dielectric functions with predictions from an effective medium theory show that a considerable doping of the Mg₂ NiH₄ host takes place at least for y≤3.5 while no signature of MgH₂ is observed in that composition range in the optical spectra. This is in contrast to the predictions from the bulk phase diagram where a mixture of semiconducting Mg₂ NiH₄ (energy gap E_g=1.6  eV) and MgH₂ (E_g=5.6  eV) is expected.     

Extrinsic and intrinsic magnetic properties of Co1−x Fex Sb3

We report magnetic properties of iron in Co_1−x Fe_x Sb₃ for x in the range 0<x<0.2, since x=0.2 is found to be the limit of solubility of iron in the skutterudite lattice. The magnetic ions diluted in the matrix carry a small magnetic moment reduced to that of the spin-only S=1/2 value of the Fe³⁺ in the low spin d⁵ configuration in presence of a strong crystal field that screens the orbital momentum. The magnetic properties give evidence that a small fraction of iron is spin-frozen in magnetite ferrimagnetic clusters, and antiferromagnetic FeO clusters. Because both types of clusters represent only very minor phases, their detection by the usual analytical means such as X-rays is not possible. The remaining part is diluted in the matrix to form a semimagnetic semiconductor characterized by a Fe–Fe nearest-neighbor exchange interaction J that is antiferromagnetic, with |J|/k_B19.6  K.