不同围压下松软煤体力学特性与能量演化规律

为揭示滇东矿区松软煤体在加载破坏过程中的力学特性和能量演化规律，基于MTS815.03岩石力学实验系统对原煤试样进行不同围压条件下的三轴压缩实验。结果表明：煤样的峰值应力、弹性模量与围压存在指数函数关系；峰值应变、泊松比随围压呈线性增加；围压效应使煤样的破坏从延塑性向脆性转变，破坏模式由局部剪切形态向整体劈裂形态发展；围压对煤样变形破坏过程中能量演化影响显著。随着围压的增大，极限弹性能与峰值总能量均呈近似线性增加，积聚的极限弹性能对煤样的破坏起重要作用，宏观表现为高围压条件下煤样破坏较低围压剧烈。     

不同围压下灰岩力学特性及破坏力学模型研究

为了研究围压对灰岩力学特性及破坏力学模型的影响,采用MTS815对完整灰岩岩样进行三轴压缩试验。基于岩样宏观破坏形式,建立张拉剪切破坏模型,构建峰值强度与围压关系表达式;讨论张拉剪切模型与纯剪切模型对岩石剪切强度参数值（粘聚力与内摩擦角）的影响。研究结果表明：岩样弹性模量、抗压强度及残余强度均随围压升高而增大,且残余强度与围压呈非线性相关;当岩样最终破坏时,环向应变与轴向应变比值随围压升高呈负指数降低;一定围压范围内,岩石抗压强度受剪切强度参数和抗拉强度影响;张拉剪切模型确定岩石剪切强度参数值随破裂角增大而增大,与纯剪切模型相比,数值均较小。因此,低围压时,考虑岩石破坏模型具有一定的实际意义。     

深部砂岩加卸载过程的能量演化分析

为了研究砂岩不同应力路径下的力学特征和能量演化规律,开展砂岩的三轴加载试验与同时卸轴压和围压的三轴卸荷试验.分析了在受荷破坏过程中围压以及应力路径对砂岩的力学特性以及能量演化规律的影响.结果表明:不同的应力路径下,围压增大可以提高试件的力学特性;不同应力路径下,围压的增高会提高峰值强度对应的总能量、弹性能以及耗散能;不...     

钢-聚丙烯混杂纤维混凝土的真三轴强度试验研究

考虑纤维种类、长径比、体积掺量3个主要影响因素,设计制作25组纤维混凝土试件,通过真三轴压缩试验,研究钢-聚丙烯混杂纤维混凝土(HyFRC)在不同围压条件下的强度及破坏模式.研究结果表明,在不同侧向围压作用下,HyFRC试件的破坏模式均为斜剪破坏.与相同配合比的素混凝土试件相比,随着钢纤维特征参数的增加,HyFRC试件的三轴峰值强度有显著提升,而聚丙烯纤维特征参数的变化对峰值强度影响较小.基于试验结果,提出了基于W-W 5参数模型的HyFRC破坏准则,能够很好地预测纤维混凝土在多轴压缩状态下的强度.     

真三轴压缩下大理岩强度、变形与损伤特征数值

为研究真三轴条件下岩石的力学行为,采用离散元颗粒流程序,探析不同应力路径下大理岩试样的变形破坏过程、微裂纹演化机制及其中间主应力效应。结果表明：平行黏结模型能较准确地反映大理岩真三轴压缩下力学特性和破坏模式;中间主应力对峰值强度、弹性模量、破坏角和破坏模式演变的影响较为显著;八面体理论可较好地拟合出大理岩真三轴压缩中的破坏应力,所得的破坏强度包络线具有明显线性特征;结合应力-应变曲线形状,该大理岩在压缩过程中裂纹扩展可划分为4个阶段,即线弹性阶段、裂纹稳定扩展阶段、裂纹非稳定扩展阶段及峰后破坏阶段;随着中间主应力增大,应力-应变曲线峰后段的脆性破坏特征变强,试样从拉伸破坏向拉剪混合破坏转变,且中间主应变符号由拉转向压,岩石损伤演化与中间主应力间呈现出“对勾”型趋势。     

三向应力下裂隙岩石力学特性试验研究

通过三轴压缩试验,对预制张开裂隙岩样在不同围压下裂隙参数(裂隙倾角、裂隙长度)对岩样的强度和变形破坏特征的影响规律进行了研究,并对裂隙岩样的破坏机制进行了探讨。结果表明:1)在围压相同、倾角相同条件下,裂纹长度对峰值强度的影响较大,裂纹越长,其峰值强度越小,而裂隙倾角对岩样峰值强度影响不大;2)裂隙岩样残余强度阶段的粘聚力下降严重,说明残余强度阶段试件已形成宏观贯通的裂缝,其承载力主要由裂隙面间的摩擦力承担;3)预制裂隙岩体的弹性模量随围压的增加经历了先减少再增加的非线性变化。     

低透气性原煤力学及渗透特性的试验研究

利用MTS815岩石力学试验系统和气体渗透试验系统,开展了原场应力状态下原煤煤样在不同瓦斯压力条件下的三轴压缩渗透试验,对比了不同瓦斯压力下煤样的变形、强度和渗流特征,分析了瓦斯对原煤煤样力学性质的影响,以及煤样变形破坏过程中其渗透特性的变化.结果表明:随瓦斯压力增加,弹性模量和峰值强度呈指数型衰减,泊松比、峰值轴向应变和峰值横向应变呈指数型增加,煤样变形能力增强,抵抗破坏的能力减弱.瓦斯渗透率随煤样加载变形破坏呈先减小后增大趋势.瓦斯渗透率变化与体积变形机制密切相关,在体积压缩阶段存在不可恢复性衰减,在峰后阶段随体积膨胀逐渐增加,残余阶段的渗透率一般远大于初始静水压力状态的渗透率.对低透气性煤层瓦斯抽采和煤炭安全开采具有现实指导意义.     

非连通预制节理试件力学特性试验研究

为了研究节理几何特征的变化对岩石力学特性的影响,设计了具有不同节理连通率和不同节理倾角的试件,通过常规三轴压缩试验,分析了围压、节理倾角和节理连通率对试件强度以及变形和破坏特征的影响。岩样破坏形态分为穿越节理面的压剪破坏、沿节理面剪切滑动和节理端点处拉裂的混合破坏、完全沿节理面的剪切破坏。结果表明:围压、节理几何参数对试样的力学特性产生了不同程度的影响。通过节理参数的敏感性分析可以得出,节理倾角对试件强度的影响较节理连通率更为显著,节理连通率与破坏形态之间联系更为密切,围压对于试件承载力和变形参数值波动的影响较为明显。研究成果对认识非贯通节理岩体的力学特性有一定的参考作用。     

含水率对玉米粮堆强度和模量的影响研究

玉米粮堆的力学参数是筒仓安全设计的依据。利用全自动三轴仪研究含水率、围压等因素对玉米粮堆力学参数的影响,得到应力-应变关系曲线。利用莫尔-库伦强度准则得出玉米粮堆内摩擦角φ、黏聚力c以及初始弹性模量。结果表明:不同含水率下玉米粮堆的应力-应变关系曲线变化相似,随着含水率增加,玉米粮堆的强度峰值增加,内摩擦角也增大,而初始弹性模量减小,根据试验结果拟合出不同含水率下围压与初始弹性模量的关系方程。     

循环加载下单节理砂岩三轴强度与变形试验研究

为了研究节理砂岩试样在循环加载下的变形演化规律和强度特性,开展了贯通单节理砂岩在不同围压下的单调加载和循环加载试验.结果表明:随着围压的增加,节理砂岩试样单调及循环加载下峰值强度增大;在三轴循环加载作用下,节理砂岩的弹性模量的演化经历了明显增大、急剧减小、峰后趋于稳定3个阶段;三轴单调及循环加载下节理砂岩试样主要发生剪切破坏;在较低的围压(5,15 MPa)下,循环加载导致的破坏程度比单调荷载导致的更严重,在较高的围压(25,35 MPa)下,单调和循环加载下的破坏模式相似.     

Mechanical and damage evolution properties of sandstone under triaxial compression

To study the mechanical and damage evolution properties of sandstone under triaxial compression,we analyzed the stress strain curve characteristics,deformation and strength properties,and failure process and characteristics of sandstone samples under different stress states.The experimental results reveal that peak strength,residual strength,elasticity modulus and deformation modulus increase linearly with confining pressure,and failure models transform from fragile failure under low confining pressure to ductility failure under high confining pressure.Macroscopic failure forms of samples under uniaxial compression were split failure parallel to the axis of samples,while macroscopic failure forms under uniaxial compression were shear failure,the shear failure angle of which decreased linearly with confining pressure.There were significant volume dilatation properties in the loading process of sandstone under different confining pressures,and we analyzed the damage evolution properties of samples based on acoustic emission damage and volumetric dilatation damage,and established damage constitutive model,realizing the real-time quantitative evaluation of samples damage state in loading process.     

饱和花岗岩水-力耦合力学特性试验研究

采用全应力多场耦合三轴试验仪,对饱和花岗岩开展了不同加载速率、不同围压、不同孔压下的水-力耦合三轴压缩排水试验,分别给出了饱和花岗岩在不同加载速率、不同有效围压下的应力-应变曲线,分析了峰值强度、峰值应变、弹性模量随加载速率以及有效围压的变化规律。研究结果表明:(1)在不同有效围压和加载速率的条件下,岩样的应力应变曲线均经历了非线性压密、弹性、屈服、峰后四个阶段。偏压加载初期非线性压密阶段比较明显,而随着围压的升高非线性段逐渐消失;由于花岗岩的致密性较高,因而曲线的弹性阶段较长且相对平滑;在屈服和峰后阶段,岩石呈现出明显的脆—延性转化的过程。(2)饱和花岗岩的峰值强度随着加载速率的增加而增大;且当有效围压相同时,岩石的峰值强度大致相等,抵抗外界荷载的能力大致相同。(3)缓慢加载条件下饱和花岗岩的峰值应变表现出加载速率强化效应,但强化效果是有限的;且在有效围压相同条件下,随着围压和孔压的同步增长,峰值应变也呈增长的趋势。(4)弹性模量随着加载速率的增加呈二次多项式增长,但随着围压和孔压的同步增长而逐渐降低。     

Behavior of High Performance PVA Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites in Triaxial Compression

Based on an extensive experimental program,the paper studies the behavior of HPFRCC under triaxial compression. The experimental parameters are lateral confining pressure and PVA fiber content by volume. The test results indicate that ultimate strength and peak strain are significantly improved with the increases of confining pressure. The confining effect introduced by the fibers becomes minor in triaxial compression tests,where there is relatively high external confining pressure. The axial stress-strain curves with different confining pressure and different PVA fiber content by volume are obtained. Lateral confining pressure constraints the lateral expansion of HPFRCC,so there is a big plastic deformation with its ultimate strength improved. At lower confining pressure,PVA fiber content by volume has some effect on the decreased section of stress-strain curve. According to test results,the paper establishes formula of confining pressure with ultimate strength and axial peak strain respectively.     

Mechanical Behavior of Polyurethane Polymer Materials under Triaxial Cyclic Loading:A Particle Flow Code Approach

Polyurethane polymer grouting materials were studied with conventional triaxial tests via the particle flow code in two dimensions(PFC~(2D)) method, and the simulation results agreed with the experimental data. The particle flow code method can simulate the mechanical properties of the polymer. The triaxial cyclic loading tests of the polymer material under different confining pressures were carried out via PFC~(2D) to analyze its mechanical performance. The PFC~(2D) simulation results show that the value of the elastic modulus of the polymer decreases slowly at first and fluctuated within a narrow range near the value of the peak strength; the cumulative plastic strain increases slowly at first and then increases rapidly; the peak strength and elastic modulus of polymer increase with the confining pressure; the PFC~(2D) method can be used to quantitatively evaluate the damage behavior of the polymer material and estimate the fatigue life of the materials under fatigue load based on the number and the location of micro-cracks. Thus, the PFC~(2D) method is an effective tool to study polymers.     

Mechanical property and permeability of raw coal containing methane under unloading confining pressure

Based on domestic-developed triaxial servo-controlled seepage equipment for thermal–hydrological–mechanical coupling of coal containing methane, an experimental study was carried out to investigate mechanical property and gas permeability of raw coal, under the situation of conventional triaxial compression and unloading confining pressure tests in different gas pressure conditions. Triaxial unloading confining pressure process was reducing confining pressure while increasing axial pressure. The research results show that, compared with the peak intensity of conventional triaxial loading, the ultimate strength of coal samples of triaxial unloading confining pressure was lower, deformation under loading was far less than unloading, dilation caused by unloading was more obvious than loading. The change trend of volumetric strain would embody change of gas permeability of coal, the permeability first reduced along with volumetric strain increase, and then raised with volume strain decrease, furthermore, the change trends of permeability of coal before and after destruction were different in the stage of decreasing volume strain due to the effect of gas pressure. When gas pressure was greater, the effective confining pressure was smaller, and the radial deformation produced by unloading was greater. When the unloading failed confining pressure difference was smaller, coal would be easier to get unstable failure.     

软岩S形应力-应变曲线的数值模拟

针对软岩在荷载作用下的变形特征,结合三轴试验提出了软岩四参数本构方程。从数学理论上严格证明了该方程描述的应力-应变曲线的S形特征。该模型的四个参数中,峰值应力及其相应应变可由试验直接获得,另两个参数则需通过优化反演方法获得。在此基础上建立了四个参数与围压的经验关系式,从而可对不同围压作用下的软岩应力-应变曲线进行估算。数值模拟表明该模型能够有效模拟软岩应力-应变曲线的S形特征,能够反映软岩强度与弹性模量随围压增大的特点。     

高地应力下砂岩力学参数和波速变化规律试验研究

基于波动方程,提出一种砂岩的纵波波速与静水围压关系的数学模型。在岩石常规三轴试验的基础上得到不同静水围压下砂岩的静弹性模量、静泊松比和纵波波速,并分别拟合得到静弹性模量-静水围压和静泊松比-静水围压关系的拟合曲线和拟合公式。试验结果表明,砂岩的静弹性模量和静泊松比随静水围压的增大而增加,且静弹性模量增加速率缓慢减少。基于波动方程求解得到纵波波速-静水围压关系的数学模型,利用数学模型计算得到的纵波波速可知,砂岩的纵波波速随静水围压的增大而增大,且增加速率逐渐变缓。计算得到的纵波波速与试验测得的纵波波速进行对比验证,误差范围为7.0%~8.3%,故基于波动方程求解的砂岩纵波波速-静水围压关系的数学模型可靠性和准确性较高,对高地应力下岩石的物理力学参数和波速变化规律的分析判定具有指导意义。     

三轴卸荷条件下煤体力学特性和能量耗散演化

孤岛工作面煤体和巷道受周边开采扰动影响,煤体受循环荷载作用存在卸荷力学行为而表现出动态破坏特性.为探讨不同路径下煤体力学特性,利用TAW-2000三轴电液伺服刚性试验机分别进行常规三轴(T)、三轴循环荷载(TC)以及相应卸围压试验(TU、TCU),分析不同围压下煤体卸围压强度、变形、声发射事件以及能量耗散演化特征,开展...     

水泥固化土应力应变关系特性研究

对水泥固化风沙土进行三轴试验,分析水泥固化土的应力应变关系特性和固化机理.研究表明,应力-应变εa/（σ1-σ3）～εa关系,在不同水泥固化剂掺量情况下,3种围压均表现出很好的线性关系.水泥固化剂掺量相同的情况下,随着围压的增加斜率减小.水泥固化土应力应变关系曲线为双曲线形式,并且符合土的非线性弹性模型中的邓肯一张模型,选取邓肯一张模型作为水泥固化土的本构模型,其中切线模量Et的确定是通过对应力应变关系来确定其破坏比Rf、初始切线模量E、试验中的终值强度（σ1-σ3）f3个参数来完成.水泥固化剂掺入风沙土,使得土中形成坚固的核心,在所有的空隙中形成水化水泥的致密空间网络骨架结构,使得水泥固化土具有较好的整体强度和水稳定性.