含CO2采油井油管腐蚀影响因素及防治措施研究

西部S油田含CO2采油井油管腐蚀问题严重,通过室内模拟试验,采用高温高压动态腐蚀反应釜模拟井筒动态腐蚀环境,考察了采出液含水率、温度、CO2分压、矿化度和流体流速对油管钢材腐蚀速率的影响,并优选出了一种性能优良的抗CO2缓蚀剂RYH-301,评价了其对目标油田采油井油管钢的防腐蚀效果.结果表明:随着采出液含水率、温度、...     

延长油田油井管柱腐蚀原因分析及防腐措施研究

为了找出延长油田油井管柱腐蚀的主要原因,室内采用挂片失重法实验对影响管柱腐蚀的主要因素进行了评价,主要包括采出液含水率、矿化度、pH 值、CO₂含量、温度以及流速,并根据实验结果优选了适合延长油田油井管柱的高效缓蚀剂 ND- F。实验结果表明,油井采出液的含水率越高、矿化度越高、CO₂含量越高、温度越高以及流速越大,其对油井管柱钢材的腐蚀速率就越大,而采出液的 pH 值越高,腐蚀速率则越小。当采出液的含水率为 80%,矿化度为 25000mg·L^{- 1},pH 值为 6,CO₂分压为 0.5MPa,实验温度为 50℃,实验流速为 0.5m·s^{- 1}时,钢片的腐蚀速率可以达到 0.557mm·a^{- 1},腐蚀速率较大。咪唑啉类缓蚀剂 ND- F 对目标油田油井管柱钢材的防腐效果较好,当其加量为 900mg·L^{- 1}时,缓蚀效率就可以达到 95%以上,能够显著降低油井管柱的腐蚀速率,延长其使用寿命,保障延长油田油井的安全高效生产。     

延长油田高含水油井井筒腐蚀影响因素分析及防护措施

针对延长油田高含水油井井筒腐蚀比较严重的问题,采用挂片失重法,以目标区块油井井筒钢材和采出液为研究对象,系统评价了油井采出液含水率、试验时间、试验温度、溶解氧(ρ)以及采出液pH值对井筒钢材腐蚀速率的影响,并有针对性地提出了适合延长油田高含水油井的缓蚀剂防腐蚀措施。试验结果表明：随着油井采出液含水率、试验温度以及溶解氧质量浓度的升高,延长油田高含水油井井筒钢材的腐蚀速率逐渐升高;而随着试验时间的延长和采出液pH值的升高,井筒钢材的腐蚀速率则逐渐降低。缓蚀剂HSR-2能够有效降低延长油田高含水油井井筒钢材的腐蚀速率,当其加量为800 mg/L时,缓蚀效率可以达到95%以上,缓蚀效果较好,能够显著降低油井井筒钢材的腐蚀速率,延长作业周期,提高油田的整体开发效率。     

高矿化度盐卤水缓蚀剂的制备及应用

针对长庆油田油房庄油田油井含水率及产出水矿化度增大带来的井筒管柱腐蚀问题,以喹啉和1,4-双(2-氯乙基)苯为原料研制了一种新型的盐卤水缓蚀剂。室内评价结果表明：该缓蚀剂与目标油田的产出水的配伍性良好,缓蚀剂加量(w)0.1%时可将总矿化度为75 795.85 mg/L、Cl-质量浓度为51 316 mg/L水样的腐蚀速率控制在0.036 5 mm/a,远低于油田生产管柱腐蚀防护要求。缓蚀剂加量(w)0.1%和0.3%时可分别满足100℃和150℃条件下的腐蚀防护要求,缓蚀率达到70%以上,且可以显著阻止点蚀现象。现场应用结果表明：采出液中缓蚀剂加量(w)0.1%时,J55钢材的平均腐蚀速率仅为0.001 171 mm/a,具有较好的缓蚀效果。     

新型抗CO_2缓蚀剂的开发及其在原油集输管道中的应用

针对西部某油田含CO_2原油集输管道腐蚀现象严重的问题,以不饱和脂肪酸、三乙烯四胺和氯苯甲烷为原料合成了一种咪唑啉型缓蚀剂,并将咪唑啉型缓蚀剂与非离子表面活性剂进行复配研制出一种新型抗CO_2缓蚀剂KW-101。考察了含水率、温度、流速以及CO_2分压对缓蚀率的影响,室内试验结果表明:随着含水率、温度、流速和CO_2分压的增大,缓蚀剂KW-101的缓蚀率逐渐降低,当试验温度为50℃、流体含水率为80%、流速为3 m/s、CO_2分压为1.5 MPa时,缓蚀率仍可以达到80%以上。现场应用结果表明:在含CO_2原油集输管道中注入200 mg/L的缓蚀剂KW-101后,挂片的腐蚀速率可以降低至0.006 mm/a,达到了良好的缓蚀效果。     

塔里木某油田井下腐蚀机理分析及对策

塔里木某油田产出液具有矿化度浓度高、Cl~-浓度高、CO_2分压高以及弱酸性的特点,井下管柱腐蚀程度严重。对不同采油方式分析,腐蚀也存在相应不同的规律;通过对腐蚀现象、腐蚀类型的分析,确定该油田的腐蚀机理为CO_2腐蚀,影响其腐蚀的因素主要有CO_2分压、温度、流速、pH值、Cl~-离子浓度等多种因素。本文通过开展影响腐蚀因素分析,提出了预防腐蚀的综合治理对策。     

抗二氧化碳腐蚀用高效缓蚀剂的研究

为缓解CO2吞吐措施作业对油管产生的严重腐蚀问题,研究了一种无毒高效缓蚀剂体系.将合成出的新型咪唑啉酰胺盐缓蚀剂与聚天冬氨酸阻垢剂和1227杀菌剂按一定比例复配,通过对合成条件和复配比例的评价优选,确定了最佳体系配比,得到对CO2腐蚀具有更好缓蚀效果的高效缓蚀剂.该缓蚀剂体系引入阻垢剂和杀菌剂,通过3种药剂的协同作用起到提高缓蚀率的效果.采用目标区块措施井的采出液开展高温高压动态腐蚀试验,当加量为150 mg·L-1时,其对N80试片的动态缓蚀率可达90％.经与现场不同矿化度、不同温度的采出液进行对比实验,144 h后缓蚀率仍保持在89％以上,可满足现场长期腐蚀防控的要求.     

不同压力下二氧化碳对N80钢材腐蚀规律研究

油田污水水质复杂多样,且矿化度高,污水中硫化氢和二氧化碳含量相对较高,以及溶解氧、微生物和矿化度等这些因素的存在导致油田污水对管线造成了严重的腐蚀。本论文以模拟采油污水为对象,采用失重法,研究了二氧化碳对高矿化度油田污水的腐蚀性能影响,结果表明:在实验条件下,在气相中,腐蚀速率呈平缓变化,在液相中,腐蚀速率呈增大趋势。     

双咪唑啉缓蚀剂抑制油田CO_2腐蚀的性能研究

以葵二酸、三乙烯四胺和氯化苄为原料,合成了双咪唑啉缓蚀剂。通过电化学阻抗法,研究了双咪唑啉缓蚀剂在饱和CO_2油田采出水介质中对J55油管钢的缓蚀性能,并对两口CO_2腐蚀严重的油井进行了现场加注试验。结果表明,双咪唑啉缓蚀剂在油田水介质中抑制CO_2腐蚀性能优异:加入缓蚀剂后可使电荷传递电阻大幅增加,在缓蚀剂浓度为150ml/L时,缓蚀率可达96.3%;两口试验井加注缓蚀剂后,腐蚀速率大幅下降,缓蚀率可达85%以上,现场使用效果优异。     

油气井CO_2腐蚀主控因素及对策分析

高温高压高浓度CO_2介质下油气井管具腐蚀问题日趋严重,针对此问题,本文重点分析了CO_2腐蚀的主控因素及防腐对策。基于CO_2腐蚀环境主控因素、腐蚀类型,腐蚀机理及腐蚀评价方法,总结认为,CO_2分压、温度、流速是CO_2腐蚀的主要影响因素,且在有水的下,CO_2分压对腐蚀速率的影响最大,其次是温度,流速影响最小。防腐主要需通过缓蚀剂防护、涂层防护、化学镀层等措施来实现,咪唑啉类缓蚀剂、噻唑类缓蚀剂和硫脲类缓蚀剂具有很好的缓蚀效果,涂层防护主要包括环氧树脂防腐涂料、聚氨酯防腐涂料、聚苯胺防腐涂料、高固体分防腐涂料四种,也可以采用镍磷合金镀管或双层镀管的方法进行防护。     

Characterization of corn oil,soybean oil and sunflowerseed oil nonpolar material

Normal phase preparative and semi-preparative liquid chromatography were used to isolate fractions of varying polarity from corn, soybean and sunflowerseed oils. Reported here is the composition of one fraction, less polar than triglycerides, determined by isolating the individual ?peaks? of a semi-preparative separation using as starting material the mix of compounds obtained from a large scale separation. These peaks were then analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (LC) gas chromatography (GC), mass-spectrometry (MS) with and without GC, in both electron impact (EI) and chemical ionization (CI) modes, and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Semi-quantitative data were obtained for many of the components found in these semi-preparative isolates including hydrocarbons, steryl esters, triterpenyl esters, phytyl esters and geranylgeranyl esters. The weight percent and composition of the preparative fraction differed substantially among the three oils. Corn oil had the greatest amount, at 1.25% of the starting oil, and was composed mostly of steryl and triterpenyl esters. Sunflowerseed oil, at 0.7%, and soybean oil, at 0.3%, showed greater variety in that branched chain esters were included with the steryl/triterpenyl distributions.     

Processing oil shales with heavy oil recycle

Recycle of heavy oil (>340 °C) to the retort, in order to crack/coke the oil to lighter fractions, was investigated as a means of producing shale oil of more desirable product slates. Conversion of heavy oil to light oil (<340 °C) by thermal cracking and coking in the absence of and during oil shale retorting was studied using the CSIRO BIRCOS retort. As expected, the conversion by thermal cracking increased as temperature increased, with most of the net oil loss in the form of gas. By contrast, the conversion by coking alone decreased as temperature increased, with coke representing all the net oil loss. Thermal cracking was found not to be a first-order reaction, by showing a reduced conversion of heavy oil with reduced concentration of oil vapour. Retorting Stuart oil shale with heavy oil feeding and simultaneous cracking and coking showed a conversion of 19.1 g per 100 g feed heavy oil to 10.9 g light oil, 2.2 g gas and 6.0 g coke, with a net oil loss of 3.8 g per 100 g shale oil produced. These data were used to generate a set of parameters for a mathematical model which simulated a heavy oil recycle loop.     

Preparation of laurel oil alkanolamide from laurel oil

A low-temperature synthesis of laurel oil alkanolamides directly from laurel oil and ethanolamine was carried out in essentially quantitative yields. The ethanolamine/laurel oil molar ratio used was 10∶1. Even though amine served as a catalyst in the reaction, we used sodium methoxide at a ratio of 0.2–2% as a second catalyst. The reaction was complete in 1–9 h at room temperature. The identity of the amide was confirmed by IR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy.     

Sunflower oil processing from crude to salad oil

World-wide use of sunflower oil is second only to soybean oil. Interest in domestic use as a premium salad oil is very recent. The high ratio of polyunsaturated-to-saturated fatty acids makes sunflower oil a premium salad oil. Sunflower oil, however, contains a small amount of high melting wax which must be removed to avoid settling problems. It is possible to produce a brilliant, dewaxed, deodorized sunflower oil with over a 100-hr cold test at 0 C. This quality oil can be produced by conventional caustic refining, dewaxing, bleaching and deodorization. A quality finished oil may also be produced by dewaxing and steam refining. This paper reviews various methods for processing sunflower oil from the crude state through the finished, dewaxed, deodorized salad oil. Presented at the ISF/AOCS Meeting, New York, April, 1980.     

生物质裂解油在柴油中乳化的研究

以乳化液稳定性为评价指标,研究了复配乳化剂、助乳化剂、助乳化剂与复配乳化剂质量比[m(C)m/(T)]及生物质裂解油在乳化液中质量分数的选择,并考察了HLB值、乳化温度、乳化时间、乳化方式、搅拌方式对乳化液稳定性的影响。实验结果表明:采用质量分数1.7%的T-85和乳化剂A的复配乳化剂,m(C)m/(T)为0.05的正辛醇为助乳化剂,在HLB值为8、乳化温度为20~40℃的条件下,将质量分数5%的生物质裂解油在柴油中高速乳化5m in,其中,乳化方式为T-85溶于生物质裂解油,乳化剂A溶于柴油,边搅拌柴油边加入生物质裂解油,再加入助乳化剂,乳化液的稳定性较好,稳定时间可达20 d。     

油浆抽余油FCC反应

油浆经萃取分离得到以饱和烃为主的理想组分——抽余油。利用该油作为原料进行FCC反应,并与石蜡基重油从原料性质、反应工艺条件、产品分布及性质、再生剂性能等方面进行对比研究。结果表明：抽余油具有良好的FCC性能,其合适的反应条件为剂油比6.0、反应温度520 ℃、重时空速12.0 h?1;在各自最优工艺条件下,抽余油比重油液体收率增加1.69%,生焦率上升0.02%;在相同工艺条件即剂油比5.0、反应温度500 ℃、空速14.4 h?1,抽余油比重油液体收率增加0.19%,生焦率上升2.55%;与重油相比,抽余油FCC汽油辛烷值相当,FCC柴油十六烷值降低3.7,其再生剂失活程度较小。因此,抽余油完全可以替代重油作为FCC的原料,具有很好的工业应用前景。     

Solubility of hydrogenated peanut oil in peanut oil

Conclusions Data obtained on the solubility of hydrogenated peanut oil in refined peanut oil and the behavior of the mixtures on cooling indicate that freedom from oil separation on storage is largely determined by the nature as well as the amount of solid crystals present in the oil. The results suggest that the best procedure for prevention of oil separation would involve shockchilling the molten mixture to produce the finely divided metastable crystalline modification followed by tempering at such a temperature as to permit transformation of the crystals into the more desirable higher-melting form without changing the finely divided state necessary for improved palatability. The data imply that under controlled conditions any amount of the high-melting modification of the hard fat incorporated in peanut oil above the solubility temperature in excess of 2% should produce a mixture free from oil separation under average storage conditions. The choice of the actual concentration of the hard fat, above the minimum amount, would depend upon the degree of plasticity desired. Ambient temperature to which the mixture is likely to be subjected will influence to a considerable extent the selection of the hard fat content. The information obtained is of fundamental importance in connection with the problem of oil separation in peanut butter. One of the laboratories of the Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, Agricultural Research Administration, U. S. Department of Agriculture.