大块煤样的采取和制备探讨

针对我国煤炭采制样标准中无大块煤样的采制标准,提出采用小型挖掘机采取大块煤子样,并运用在线破碎机破碎后留取子样的采样方法,通过灰分、水分偏倚试验,进行精密度核验,证明了该采样方法采制的大块煤样代表性较强。     

煤炭采制样常见问题分析及对策

煤炭采制样过程中常见问题主要有对采制样岗位的重视程度低,未按标准采制样,人工采制样工具及设备规格不统一,机械化采制样有混样现象等。针对上述问题,从采样和制样两方面提出了相应的对策。煤堆采样的子样点应按煤堆顶、腰、底分布,一般可按1∶3∶5的比例布点;火车顶部和汽车采样时,尽量采用机械化采样,按照"均匀布点,使每一部分煤均有机会被采出"的原则布置子样点;煤流采样时一般根据煤流量大小,以1次或分2～3次横截煤流断面采取一个子样,输送带采样应尽可能安装输送带机械化采样器。制备分析煤样时,对全水分超过10%以上的煤样,要进行初干燥;制备全水分煤样时首选水分损失最小的方法;制好的煤样应装入密闭玻璃瓶保存。加强采制化管理,规范采制样操作对于提高煤质分析准确性,保障优质原料煤供应具有重要意义。     

神东锦界矿智能机器人采制样系统调试与应用

针对中国能源股份有限公司神东煤炭分公司锦界矿列车商品煤人工采样的现状,研制并实施了智能机器人采制样系统。介绍了智能机器人采制样系统在锦界矿实施过程中遇到的技术难点及相应解决办法,尤其是钻探式采样头在工作过程中存在的采样深度、单次样重及采样周期等问题,实现了系统的稳定高效运行,提升了采制样效率,对锦界矿的智能生产意义重大。     

利用精密度法评定铁矿石采制化全铁不确定度

不确定度是指分析人员能合理赋予被测量的量值的分散程度。测量不确定度评定的方法中精密度法是化学类检测实验室常用的方法。铁矿石全铁实验室检测不确定度评定目前已得到了广泛的研究和应用,但是评定结果无法对装卸港铁矿石全铁含量测定差异做出合适的解释。本研究通过精密度法对整批铁矿石采制化全铁不确定度的评定研究,解决了目前市场上难以获得采制样标准样品和能力验证服务来有效证明检测机构检测能力和无法科学向客户解释大样结果差异等方面的技术难题。通过试验方案和结果分析详细介绍了统计分析过程,成功将采制化全铁检测的采样组内和组间的合成效应作为全铁不确定度评定的模型输入分量,进而成功建立不确定度评定模型。铁矿石采制化全铁不确定度的评定为质量控制人员控制铁矿石采制化全流程检验检测质量提供一种有效工具,提高了采制化全流程检验质控水平。     

神东锦界矿智能机器人采制样系统的设计及应用

介绍了基于工业机器人与钻探式柔性采样臂的智能机器人采制样系统软硬件系统架构,提出了对原人工采样室的改建方案。分析了传统人工采样存在的点数少、代表性差、劳动强度大以及传统采样机现场无法安装等一系列问题。采用工业机器人来完成边装车边采样的动态采样技术可行,做到了所采煤样具有代表性、真实性,增强了产品指标的可信度,提高了安全性和智能化水平,实现了煤炭企业采制样系统的自动化和智能化管理。     

流程式煤炭智能采制样系统的构成与应用

煤炭采制样装备的智能化发展是煤炭工业数字化进程的时代要求,在大数据和人工智能等技术日趋成熟的当下,采样、制样在线控制技术已成为煤质检验领域发展的重要方向。从机械系统、电器系统、智能集样系统与远程操控、智能启停、在线制样、自动收集、煤样全流程感知等方面介绍了流程式煤炭智能采制样系统及其工作流程,分析了智能采制样系统相比传统机械化设备的性能优势,阐述了流程式煤炭智能采制样系统的应用。结合流程式煤炭智能采制样系统在应用中存在的问题,剖析了原因,给出了解决方案。     

全自动汽车煤炭采制样机的研究

介绍了全自动煤炭汽车采制样机的构成模块;分析了车辆信息采集、三维坐标点选取、采样方式及采样点坐标的测量、采样系统编码模块、采样系统与其他系统的接口等功能;该系统的应用实现了煤炭采制样系统真正意义上的全自动控制,引领了采样机控制技术的发展方向。     

烟煤粘结指数测定结果偏低的原因分析

从煤样、化验设备、化验人员、采制样过程等多方面分析了影响炼焦煤粘结指数测定结果的因素;指出采制样过程是最大影响因素,采样要具有代表性,煤样粒度不宜过细。     

利用采制化精密度核验方案加强水泥厂煤炭质量管控工作的方法

本文详细介绍两种取样方式的采制化精密度核验方案,并结合自己公司的核验方案实例评估水泥厂化验室煤炭质量管控程序,并提出相应的改进措施以及核验方案中的注意事项,单靠样品对比、能力验证等方式无法满足对整个过程的质量控制。通过定期核验可以发现采样、制样和化验过程中的不符合项,能及时改进或纠正,最终实现对采样、制样和化验过程的质量控制。     

利用采制化精密度核验方案加强水泥厂煤炭质量管控工作的方法

本文详细介绍两种取样方式的采制化精密度核验方案，并结合自己公司的核验方案实例评估水泥厂化验室煤炭质量管控程序，并提出相应的改进措施以及核验方案中的注意事项，单靠样品对比、能力验证等方式无法满足对整个过程的质量控制。通过定期核验可以发现采样、制样和化验过程中的不符合项，能及时改进或纠正，最终实现对采样、制样和化验过程的质量控制。     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

责任和责任心的涵义与结构

责任是人应主动承担的角色义务和对其因过失所造成后果应承担的责罚.有两层涵义:一是义务;二是后果.责任心是个体自觉做好分内事务和履行道德义务的心理倾向,是个性心理品质成分中自我特征维度上的重要内容.责任心具有两个方面的涵义:一是角色分内职责;二是角色道德义务.责任心是一种通过责任认知、责任个性和责任适应的动态形式表现出来的静态品质,责任心是责任心过程结构与责任心关系结构相互制约、相互影响的统一体.     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺的合成及应用

用复合引发体系(过硫酸盐-偶氮类引发剂)和脂肪胺类氧化还原体系引发,在实验室获得了单体转化率≥98%,特性粘数高于13.6 dL/g的阳离子共聚物PDA,探讨了控制聚合物分子量的影响因素.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.