聚苯胺/环氧树脂复合涂层的制备及防腐性能研究

利用阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)的两亲性,通过原位聚合法制得超疏水性聚苯胺(PANI)材料,将PANI与环氧树脂共混得到复合涂层,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、紫外-可见分光光度计对超疏水性PANI的组成进行分析,并测定了复合涂层在0.5mol/L H₂SO₄溶液中的防腐蚀性能。结果表明：在pH≤7,SDBS浓度为0.025mol/L条件下,合成的PANI具有良好且稳定的疏水性能,水接触角超过150°;超疏水性PANI的加入能明显提高复合涂层的防腐蚀性能,在PANI添加量为0.75%(质量分数)时复合涂层耐腐蚀性能优良,其腐蚀电流密度为1.08μA/cm²,腐蚀电位为0.426V。     

A3碳钢表面PDMS-SiO_2/PANI超疏水膜的制备及其防腐蚀性能

为了提高超疏水膜的使用寿命,通过改变聚二甲基硅氧烷修饰的二氧化硅(PDMS-SiO_2)纳米粒子的含量,用简单的提拉法在A3碳钢表面构建一层包含聚苯胺(PANI)、PDMS-SiO_2和环氧树脂的超疏水膜。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱仪和接触角测量仪对其表面进行表征。PDMS-SiO_2纳米粒子不仅能够增加膜的表面粗糙度,而且能够降低膜的表面能,当PDMS-SiO_2含量达到25.0%时,所制备的膜具有超疏水性。采用电化学工作站对复合膜的防腐蚀性能进行研究,结果表明:与传统的聚苯胺环氧树脂涂层相比,采用PDMS-SiO_2/PANI构建的超疏水膜具有更好的防腐蚀效果。     

基于聚(2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸)表面活性剂和掺杂剂的聚苯胺中空微球EI北大核心CSCD

采用自组装法分别在表面活性剂2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)、十二烷基磺酸钠(SDBS)和聚(2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸)(PAMPS)水溶液中合成聚苯胺,用扫描电镜、透射电镜和比表面分析仪对不同表面活性剂合成的聚苯胺进行表征;用PAMPS对聚苯胺进行掺杂,采用红外光谱、紫外光谱、X射线光电子能谱等探讨PAMPS对聚苯胺的掺杂效应;通过循环伏安法和电化学阻抗法研究PAMPS掺杂聚苯胺的电化学性能。结果表明,PAMPS能够更好地调控聚苯胺的形貌和提高聚苯胺微球的分散性,以及更好地起到表面活性剂效果;PAMPS掺杂后的聚苯胺的电导率提高到了100S/cm级别,比未掺杂态聚苯胺提高了近104倍,具有更大响应电流,展现出更大的电容量。     

基于聚(2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸)表面活性剂和掺杂剂的聚苯胺中空微球

采用自组装法分别在表面活性剂2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)、十二烷基磺酸钠(SDBS)和聚(2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸)(PAMPS)水溶液中合成聚苯胺,用扫描电镜、透射电镜和比表面分析仪对不同表面活性剂合成的聚苯胺进行表征;用PAMPS对聚苯胺进行掺杂,采用红外光谱、紫外光谱、X射线光电子能谱等探讨PAMPS对聚苯胺的掺杂效应;通过循环伏安法和电化学阻抗法研究PAMPS掺杂聚苯胺的电化学性能。结果表明,PAMPS能够更好地调控聚苯胺的形貌和提高聚苯胺微球的分散性,以及更好地起到表面活性剂效果;PAMPS掺杂后的聚苯胺的电导率提高到了100S/cm级别,比未掺杂态聚苯胺提高了近104倍,具有更大响应电流,展现出更大的电容量。     

镁合金表面超疏水化及耐腐蚀性能

采用硫酸刻蚀和接枝疏水长链的方法,成功制备出了具有超疏水特性的镁合金表面。采用红外光谱、扫描电镜和电化学测试等技术对超疏水镁合金表面进行了表征和分析。研究结果表明:硫酸处理使得镁合金表面产生微米/纳米二元复合的花状粗糙结构;硬脂酸的疏水长链通过化学键键接在镁合金表面,从而显著降低了镁合金表面的自由能。最终得到接触角可达152°、滚动角小于10°的超疏水表面,从而极大地提高了镁合金的耐腐蚀性能。     

表面活性剂预处理铝粉包覆聚合物后的分散和耐蚀性能

为了提高片状铝粉的耐腐蚀性能和分散性能,采用3类表面活性剂对片状铝粉进行表面预处理,运用原位溶液聚合法使丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)在铝粉表面聚合,获得了聚(丙烯酸-丙烯酸丁酯)/铝粉[P(AA-BA)/Al]复合粒子。通过析氢试验、透光率对包覆铝粉进行了检测,研究了不同表面活性剂预处理对P(AA-BA)/Al复合粒子耐腐蚀性能、分散性能的影响,同时,还采用FTIR和激光粒度分析对经十二烷基苯磺钠(SDBS)预处理后包覆得到的复合粒子进行了表征。结果表明:采用十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)预处理并用AA,BA和偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)包覆后的铝粉具有良好的分散性能,用聚乙二醇(PEG)预处理、包覆后的铝粉耐腐蚀性能优良,而经SDBS预处理、包覆后铝粉耐腐蚀性能及分散性能都得到了明显的改善。     

超疏水镁合金表面的防黏附和耐腐蚀性能

通过盐酸刻蚀、氨水浸泡和疏水长链接枝,成功构建得到接触角达154°、滚动角为6°的超疏水镁合金表面。利用接触角测试、扫描电镜观察、红外光谱分析、防黏附和电化学实验等分别对超疏水镁合金表面的润湿性能、表面微结构与化学组成、防黏附行为以及耐腐蚀性能进行了考察。结果表明:盐酸刻蚀和氨水浸泡使得镁合金表面产生了微-纳复合结构,而硬脂酸修饰使疏水烃基长链通过化学键接枝到具有微-纳复合结构的镁合金表面。正是由于其特殊的表面微结构和化学组成,使得超疏水镁合金表现出良好的防黏附和耐腐蚀性能。     

超双疏耐磨PPS基涂层的制备与性能

以NH_4HCO_3为造孔剂,碳纳米管(CNTs)为纳米级纤维填料,采用简单的喷涂工艺制备出超双疏耐磨聚苯硫醚(PPS)基涂层。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、接触角测量仪分析涂层的表面形貌和疏水、疏油性能。采用定载砂纸打磨法测试双疏涂层的耐磨损性能。结果表明:造孔后的涂层表面粗糙,表面的多孔结构和CNTs构成了特殊的微纳二元复合网络结构。当NH_4HCO_3的含量为5%(质量分数)时,涂层实现超疏水和超疏油,对水、甘油和乙二醇的接触角分别为162°,158°和152°。用砂纸反复打磨10000次后,涂层表面轻微磨损,仍保持了高疏水效果,具有良好的耐磨性能。     

氧化锌超疏水薄膜的制备及其耐久性

为了提高氧化锌(ZnO)纳米疏水膜层在实际应用中的耐久性能,采用水热法在铝基底表面制备出微纳米结构的ZnO超疏水薄膜,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和接触角测量仪对所得ZnO薄膜的成分、微观结构及润湿性能进行分析;利用UMT摩擦磨损试验机对薄膜的摩擦性能和机械疏水耐久度进行研究;并用CHI660E电化学工作站对超疏水试样在海水中的耐腐蚀性能进行测量分析。结果表明:制备的微纳米结构ZnO薄膜具有超疏水性,在未经低表面能物质改性的情况下,对水的静态接触角高达152°,滚动角仅为2°;摩擦磨损测试表明该薄膜在经过2 400磨损周期后仍能保持较高的静态接触角;电化学阻抗谱和Tafel曲线测试表明,该薄膜的确降低了铝在海水中的腐蚀速率,缓蚀率高达93.8%。     

超疏水表面的制备与应用研究进展

近年来，受天然动植物的启发，越来越多的研究者设计和制备出了大量仿生超疏水表面。超疏水是指水滴接触角>150°,滚动角<10°的湿润状态。超疏水表面应用广泛，如耐腐蚀、防冰除冻、油水分离、自清洁性等性能，在很多领域有着较大的价值，国内外诸多学者开展了超疏水表面的制备及应用研究。高效的制备方法及持续的超疏水性能已成为该领域的研究热点和重要发展方向。在简要回顾超疏水理论模型之后，按照超疏水表面的制备方法以及应用等方面进行归纳分类并详细介绍其研究和应用现状，最后对其未来的发展趋势进行展望。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.