海因环氧改性氰酸酯树脂体系的固化行为研究

目的 采用非等温差示扫描量热法（DSC）和傅里叶红外光谱（FT–IR）研究海因环氧/双酚A型氰酸酯（BAE）和海因环氧/四甲基双酚F型氰酸酯（TBF）的固化反应行为。方法 通过Kissinger、Ozawa和Crane法对2种树脂体系的固化动力学参数进行了计算，并采用热重分析（TGA）和热机械分析（DMA）评价树脂改性前后的热稳定性和热力学性能。结果 海因环氧改性氰酸酯树脂体系均呈现双重固化放热峰，TBF体系具有相对更高的表观活化能，而BAE体系具有更好的耐热性能，其玻璃化转变温度（tg）和在氮气下质量损失率为5%时的温度分别为271.6℃和403.4℃。结论 海因环氧树脂可以促进氰酸酯的聚合反应，制备的改性树脂体系可用于耐高温树脂基体和电子封装等材料。     

含碳癸硼烷氰酸酯树脂及其复合材料的制备与性能

合成了1,2-二(4-异氰酸酯基苯基)碳癸硼烷(BCE),用红外光谱和核磁共振(1H-NMR和13C-NMR)表征其结构。研究了BCE氰酸酯树脂的固化特征温度、流变性能和热稳定性能,并考察了其石英纤维增强复合材料的耐热性能和介电性能。结果表明,BCE氰酸酯树脂适合于模压和热压罐等复合材料成型工艺。固化后的树脂玻璃化转变温度不低于500℃,在氮气和空气中5%失重温度分别为491.9℃和465.9℃,800℃残留率分别为91.9%和90.3%。在7～19 GHz频率下,石英纤维增强BCE树脂复合材料具有较低且稳定的介电常数和介电损耗正切值。     

含碳癸硼烷氰酸酯树脂及其复合材料的制备与性能EI北大核心CSCD

合成了1,2-二(4-异氰酸酯基苯基)碳癸硼烷(BCE),用红外光谱和核磁共振(1H-NMR和13C-NMR)表征其结构。研究了BCE氰酸酯树脂的固化特征温度、流变性能和热稳定性能,并考察了其石英纤维增强复合材料的耐热性能和介电性能。结果表明,BCE氰酸酯树脂适合于模压和热压罐等复合材料成型工艺。固化后的树脂玻璃化转变温度不低于500℃,在氮气和空气中5%失重温度分别为491.9℃和465.9℃,800℃残留率分别为91.9%和90.3%。在7～19 GHz频率下,石英纤维增强BCE树脂复合材料具有较低且稳定的介电常数和介电损耗正切值。     

聚氨酯预聚体改性双酚A型氰酸酯树脂的研究

采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了聚氨酯预聚体改性双酚A型氰酸树脂的固化行为及工艺,通过动态热机械分析(DMA)、热重分析(TGA)、介电性能和冲击强度测试对其玻璃化转变温度(Tg)、耐热性、介电性能和韧性进行了研究.结果表明,聚氨酯预聚体的加入可以很好地提高氰酸酯的韧性,当预聚体加入量为20％(质量分数)时,改性氰酸酯树脂的冲击强度达到最大值15.3 kJ/m2,比纯氰酸酯树脂提高了218％.改性氰酸酯树脂的Tg逐渐降低,预聚体加入量为氰酸酯质量的40％时,Tg降低为193℃,仍然具有较低的介电常数和介电损耗.     

酚醛氰酸酯/环氧共固化树脂的结构和性能

研究了具有不同摩尔比的酚醛型氰酸酯（NCE）与双酚A型环氧（E-51）共固化树脂的化学结构与物理性能．结果表明,在共固化树脂的结构中,主要存在着三嗪、噁唑啉酮、异氰脲酸、醚键等化学结构．只有当氰酸酯的摩尔数大于环氧时,随着共固化体系中-OCN摩尔数的提高,化学结构中三嗪环含量增大,共固化树脂的力学性能、玻璃化转变温度（Tg）、烧蚀残留率、吸水率随之提高;当-OCN／epoxy的摩尔比大于1时,固化树脂的Tg比摩尔比小于1时提高30℃以上,力学性能的变化具有相同的规律．     

DF-3740韧性氰酸酯/双马来酰亚树脂的性能

采用增容改性方法得到了DF-3740氰酸酯/双马来酰亚胺改性树脂,表征了未固化树脂的物理特性、固化反应性、耐热性能和力学性能等.DF-3740易溶于酮类溶剂,熔点62℃,熔融粘度低.在加入有机锡催化剂后,固化反应的最大放热峰由239℃降低至197℃.固化树脂具有双玻璃化转变温度(224.6,256.4℃),弯曲强度、弯曲模量以及冲击强度较纯氰酸酯固化树脂有大幅度提高,与5245C树脂接近.玻璃布复合材料的力学性能优于改性双马体系和环氧改性氰酸酯体系,表明DF-3740是一种高性能基体树脂.     

T800碳纤维/9518氰酸酯复合材料的性能

通过差示扫描量热（DSC）法研究了9518氰酸酯的固化反应,制定了9518氰酸酯的固化工艺;通过动态热机械分析（DMA）测试、力学性能测试、金相显微镜和SEM等方法研究了T800碳纤维/9518氰酸酯复合材料的受热行为、力学性能、纤维微观形貌和界面特性。结果表明：9518氰酸酯的固化反应只有一个固化反应放热峰,其比较合理的固化工艺为130℃/0.5 h+160℃/0.5 h（加压合模）+200℃/2 h+230℃/2 h。T800碳纤维/9518氰酸酯复合材料的玻璃化转变温度为255℃,其各项力学性能比T700碳纤维/9518氰酸酯复合材料提高均大于10%,室温-湿态力学性能保持率大于83%,200℃的力学性能保持率大于60%。T800碳纤维不规则的截面和表面沿长度方向的沟槽有利于树脂与纤维间形成良好的结合界面。     

含金刚烷结构胺类固化剂的制备与性能

以1,3-二溴金刚烷为原料,合成了一种环氧树脂固化剂1,3-二[4-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基]金刚烷(BAPPA),并采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、核磁共振波谱等对其结构进行了表征,用差示扫描量热分析研究了环氧树脂(E51)/BAPPA体系的固化反应动力学,根据Kissinger方程计算出体系的反应活化能为43.57kJ/mol。对E51/BAPPA固化物的耐湿热性能、动态热机械性能、力学性能、介电性能的表征结果表明,环氧树脂固化物的拉伸强度为98MPa,玻璃化转变温度(Tg)为176.3℃,Td5高达406℃,吸水率、介电常数比相同条件下E51/DDM固化物分别降低了34.9%和15.7%。     

含联炔多炔丙基化合物的合成及聚三唑树脂的制备EI北大核心CSCD

采用相转移催化法合成了含联炔多炔丙基的单体N,N,N’,N’-四炔丙基-1,4-双(3-氨基苯)-丁二炔(TPBAPB),通过红外、核磁、元素分析等方法表征了TPBAPB的结构。以TPBAPB与4,4’-联苯二苄叠氮(BAMBP)热聚合条件下的1,3-偶极环加成反应制备了一种新型的聚三唑树脂(H-PTA),利用红外和差示扫描量热法研究了树脂的固化行为,并通过动态力学分析和热失重分析考察了炔基与叠氮基不同摩尔比对树脂热性能的影响。结果表明,树脂具有良好的加工性能,能在较低的温度下进行固化(80℃左右),当炔基与叠氮基的摩尔比为1.2∶1.0时,固化后的树脂具有最佳的热性能,玻璃化转变温度(Tg)达到298℃,在氮气中5%的热失重温度(Td5)达到363℃。     

二炔丙基乙炔基苯胺衍生的聚三唑树脂的合成与性能EI北大核心CSCD

采用间氨基苯乙炔和溴丙炔反应合成了N,N-二炔丙基-3-乙炔基苯胺(DPEA),通过红外光谱、核磁共振、元素分析对其结构进行了表征。再以DPEA和多官能团叠氮单体为原料制备了新型聚三唑(PTA-23、PTA-33)树脂,表征了树脂的溶解性、固化行为、热性能和力学性能。结果表明,PTA-23和PTA-33树脂能够溶于多种常用有机溶剂,在80℃以下就能固化;固化后的PTA-33树脂的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)和热分解温度(Td5)分别为329℃和367℃,其弯曲强度和拉伸强度分别达到158 MPa和93 MPa。     

凝固科学技术与材料

从凝固科学与实践发展的角度介绍了当前凝固材料体系的基本框架和凝固科学主要发展阶段的基本理论。作为材料科学与工程的基本组成，凝固科学技术正在现代科学理论的基础上针对传统材料的改性提高和新材料的发展需求，以控形、控构、控性为目标开展优质铸件的定向、晶体生长、快凝、深过冷及各种新型和超常领域凝固过程的研究，并介绍了其中某些方面和展望了可能的发展趋势。     

Development and challenges of planning and scheduling for petroleum and petrochemical production

Production planning and scheduling are becoming the core of production management, which support the decision of a petrochemical company. The optimization of production planning and scheduling is attempted by every refinery because it gains additional profit and stabilizes the daily production. The optimization problem considered in industry and academic research is of different levels of realism and complexity, thus increasing the gap. Operation research with mathematical programming is a conventional approach used to address the planning and scheduling problem. Additionally, modeling the processes, objectives, and constraints and developing the optimization algorithms are significant for industry and research. This paper introduces the perspective of production planning and scheduling from the development viewpoint.     

江澳两地高校文创设计的协同研究与商业实践

目的 探索江门世遗文化的传承、发展和转化的新思路,践行国家在《粤港澳大湾区发展规划》纲要中要求江门承担与港澳地区文化创意合作与开发任务的分工。方法 与澳门高校紧密合作,开展专业培训课程,以开平碉楼为例,从人文视角开展设计研究,梳理开平碉楼的文化脉络,把世遗文化的元素和其背后的文化融入文创产品中,提升文创产品的附加值,推动当地文创产业结构的变革。结果 两地高校构建了稳定的科研团队,开设长期有效的设计培训课程,与景区建立了研究协作关系,帮助景区构建了一套产销研的商业模式。结论 以跨区域高校合作为平台,以文创产品为抓手,依托江澳两地的资源优势,可以构建江门世遗文化全新的品牌形象,最终推动开平世遗文化的活化。     

Error and uncertainty in modeling and simulation

This article develops a general framework for identifying error and uncertainty in computational simulations that deal with the numerical solution of a set of partial differential equations (PDEs). A comprehensive, new view of the general phases of modeling and simulation is proposed, consisting of the following phases: conceptual modeling of the physical system, mathematical modeling of the conceptual model, discretization and algorithm selection for the mathematical model, computer programming of the discrete model, numerical solution of the computer program model, and representation of the numerical solution. Our view incorporates the modeling and simulation phases that are recognized in the systems engineering and operations research communities, but it adds phases that are specific to the numerical solution of PDEs. In each of these phases, general sources of uncertainty, both aleatory and epistemic, and error are identified. Our general framework is applicable to any numerical discretization procedure for solving ODEs or PDEs. To demonstrate this framework, we describe a system-level example: the flight of an unguided, rocket-boosted, aircraft-launched missile. This example is discussed in detail at each of the six phases of modeling and simulation. Two alternative models of the flight dynamics are considered, along with aleatory uncertainty of the initial mass of the missile and epistemic uncertainty in the thrust of the rocket motor. We also investigate the interaction of modeling uncertainties and numerical integration error in the solution of the ordinary differential equations for the flight dynamics.     

Density and viscosity of tetralin and trans-decalin

New measurements are reported for the density and viscosity of tetralin and trans-decalin. The density was determined from room temperature to 60°C for tetralin and to 95°C for trans-decalin. The kinematic viscosity was measured up to temperatures slightly above 100°C. Our results improve upon the values recommended by the American Petroleum Institute for these liquids.     

The Candela and Photometric and Radiometric Measurements

The national measurement system for photometric and radiometric quantities is presently based upon techniques that make these quantities traceable to a high-accuracy cryogenic radiometer. The redefinition of the candela in 1979 provided the opportunity for national measurement laboratories to base their photometric measurements on optical detector technology rather than on the emission from high-temperature blackbody optical sources. The ensuing technical developments of the past 20 years, including the significant improvements in cryogenic radiometer performance, have provided the opportunity to place the fundamental maintenance of photometric quantities upon absolute detector based technology as was allowed by the 1979 redefinition. Additionally, the development of improved photodetectors has had a significant impact on the methodology in most of the radiometric measurement areas. This paper will review the status of the NIST implementation of the technical changes mandated by the 1979 redefinition of the candela and its effect upon the maintenance and dissemination of optical radiation measurements.     

Creation and motion of dislocations and fracture in metal and silicon crystals

By making a step on one surface ( ) of a rectangular small paralellepiped copper crystal, dislocations could be created by the molecular dynamic method. The dislocation created was not a complete edge dislocation but a pair of Heidenreich-Shockley partial dislocations. Each time a dislocation was created, the stress on the surface was released. Small copper crystals having a notch were pulled (until fracture), compressed and buckled by use of the molecular dynamic method. An embedded atom potential was used to represent the interaction between atoms. Dislocations were created near the tip of the notch. A very sharp yield stress was observed. The results of high speed deformations of pure silicon small crystals using the molecular dynamics are presented. The results suggest that plastic deformation may be possible for the silicon with a high speed deformation even at room temperature. Another small size single crystal, the same size and the same surfaces, was compressed using molecular dynamic method. The surfaces are {110}, {112} and {111}. The compressed direction was [111]. It was found that silicon crystals are possible to be compressed with a high speed deformation. This may suggest that silicon may be plastically deformed with high speed deformation.     

SMC／BMC的回收与再利用

SMC／BMC废弃物对工业及环境造成了很大影响，指出了SMC／BMC回收再利用的紧迫性。通过对目前国际上SMC／BMC回收再利用的3种典型途径优缺点的对比，参照国外SMC／BMC回收再利用的先进方法，对我国SMC／BMC回收再利用提供了可行的建议．