双层透明耐磨超疏水膜层的制备及界面结构控制

以正硅酸乙酯为前驱体,以溶胶-凝胶法制备的SiO_2溶胶作为黏结剂,首先将SiO_2溶胶在玻璃上旋涂成膜作为底层黏结层,再将亲水型气相SiO_2纳米颗粒与SiO_2溶胶混合后在底层上旋涂成膜作为上层微纳米凹凸膜层,制得双层透明耐磨微纳米凹凸膜层;同时采用KH560嫁接改性的SiO_2纳米颗粒替代未处理的SiO_2纳米颗粒,制得改性双层透明耐磨微纳米凹凸膜层,研究了膜层制备工艺以及SiO_2纳米颗粒改性对膜层界面结构的影响。结果表明,当旋涂转速为400 r/min、膜厚为1.39μm时,底层黏结层具有优异的透光性和耐磨性;紫外臭氧照射20 min后,水接触角为0°,形成高化学活性的亲水性表面。经氟硅烷表面修饰,双层透明耐磨微纳米凹凸膜层和改性双层透明耐磨微纳米凹凸膜层的水接触角分别为151.23°、150.82°,呈现超疏水性;在1 kg/cm~2的荷载作用下,往复打磨200次后,它们的水接触角分别达到121.97°和126.45°,平均面粗糙度保持率高达51.62%和66.33%,下降幅度小,呈现优良的耐磨特性。耐磨特性与界面处的空隙、孔洞密切关联;SiO_2纳米颗粒的改性能够有效地减少界面处的空隙、孔洞,提升膜层的耐磨特性。     

静电纺PLA/PCL复合纳米纤维膜的制备及性能研究

为了减轻溢油事件给生态环境和人们生产生活带来的影响，以天然可降解聚乳酸(PLA)和聚己内酯(PCL)为材料，采用静电纺制备不同共混比的PLA/PCL复合纳米纤维膜用于疏水吸油。利用扫描电子显微镜观察纤维表面形貌，并测试不同共混比PLA/PCL纤维膜的直径、拉伸性能、水接触角、吸油倍率和保油率。研究结果表明，随着PCL添加量的增加，纤维直径减小，断裂强度减小，而纳米纤维膜的断裂伸长率则从原来的72.53%增加到了118.45%,具有良好的韧性；共混后的PLA/PCL纳米纤维膜的水接触角最高可达140.56°,相比纯PLA纳米纤维膜水接触角增加了2.66°,对机油、花生油和菜籽油的最大吸油倍率分别为47.10g/g、41.13g/g和37.93g/g,对机油的保油率最高可达76.16%,具有良好的疏水亲油性能。     

静电纺丝制备超疏水/超亲油空心微球状PVDF纳米纤维及其在油水分离中的应用

采用静电纺丝技术制备了超疏水超亲油具有空心微球结构的聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)纳米纤维。通过扫描电镜(SEM)对样品的表面形貌及纤维直径的变化进行了表征。通过视频显微镜对纳米纤维表面与水的接触角和水滴照片进行测量与拍照。研究了不同结构的PVDF纳米纤维对润滑油的吸附性能。结果表明:PVDF/N,N-二甲基甲酰胺/H_2O静电纺丝溶液中水含量达到2.5%时得到具有空心微球结构的纳米纤维,纤维表面的水接触角为153.55°,其吸油率达到21.48g/g。     

氟化聚乙烯醇/SiO_2超疏水薄膜的制备及性能

以亲水性高分子聚乙烯醇(PVA)为基体,二氧化硅(SiO_2)纳米颗粒为无机填料,旋涂在玻璃表面后的PVA/SiO_2再经十七氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷(C_(13)H_(13)F_(17)O_3Si,FAS)修饰,制备了具有超疏水性能的PVA/SiO_2-FAS薄膜。考察了PVA与SiO_2复合的比例及FAS修饰对膜疏水性的影响。用傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线能谱和扫描电子显微镜分别对超疏水表面进行了结构分析和形貌表征,用接触角测量仪观察了水滴在膜表面的润湿性。结果显示,当PVA/SiO_2体积比为1∶5时,氟化PVA/SiO_2膜表面具有较好的超疏水功能,静态接触角可达151.24°,滚动角约为4°。这主要是膜表面含有低表面能氟原子及具有纳米粗糙结构共同作用的结果。     

纳米纤维素修饰的碳纳米纤维制备及其疏水性研究

为拓展碳纳米纤维在环境清洁领域的应用，提高碳纳米纤维的水接触角，改善膜表面的疏水性能，获得疏水性较好的碳纳米纤维薄膜，利用静电纺丝法将纳米纤维素(CNFs)与碳纳米纤维前驱体复合，获得具有低表面能和良好疏水性能的纳米碳纤维/纳米纤维素复合纤维膜。通过对纳米纤维素含量进行调控，经预氧化和碳化处理后得到一系列具有规则三维空间网络结构的复合纤维膜，并探究不同纳米纤维素含量对复合纤维膜疏水性能的影响。结果表明：纳米纤维素修饰复合纤维膜随着碳化程度的提高其表面能呈现逐渐降低的趋势，其对水的接触角也逐渐增大，疏水效果得到较大幅度提升。随着纳米纤维素含量继续增加，复合纤维膜的水接触角呈上升趋势，未添加前接触角为36.13°,当纳米纤维素添加质量为20%时，水接触角最大为132.14°,提高了366%。     

SiO_2/PDMS复合透明超疏水涂层的制备与性能研究

使用十八烷基三氯硅烷对纳米SiO_2原料进行了表面疏水改性,然后采用二步旋涂法在玻璃基片上制备了SiO_2/聚二甲基硅氧烷(SiO_2/PDMS)复合透明超疏水涂层。结果表明:纳米SiO_2及其团聚体镶嵌在硅橡胶基体表面形成粗糙结构,SiO_2/PDMS复合材料表面水接触角高达164.5°,水滚动角为4.7°;另外,SiO_2/PDMS复合材料在350~800nm波长范围其透光率大于75%,具有较高的透明性。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备超疏水PMHS-SiO2涂膜

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了二氧化硅(SiO_2)溶胶,并以含氢硅油(PMHS)为改性剂,对SiO_2粒子表面进行疏水化处理,然后在玻璃基片上提拉成膜和加热凝胶化,制备出超疏水PMHS-SiO_2涂膜。通过接触角测定、红外光谱、透射电镜、扫描电镜、湿热老化等手段对涂膜的制备条件、结构与性能进行了研究。结果表明,在PMHS/SiO_2质量比为1:1、改性时间为4 h、涂膜热处理温度170℃、热处理时间3 h的条件下,可制得具有优良超疏水性的PMHS-SiO_2涂膜,其水接触角可达163°,滚动角可低至3°-5°,且具有优异的耐湿热老化性能。对改性前后的SiO_2溶胶和PMHS-SiO_2涂膜的结构形态研究发现,PMHS与SiO_2表面产生了化学结合,形成了PMHS-SiO_2杂化交联材料;涂膜表面被疏水性PMHS包覆,同时较均匀地分布着许多粒径为50-400 nm的微米-纳米双重粗糙度的微凸体,这是产生优异的超疏水性能的主要原因。     

纳米SiO_2/有机硅聚丙烯酸复合防冰涂层的制备及性能研究

以有机硅聚丙烯酸为成膜物质,经γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-570)表面化学改性后的纳米SiO_2粒子(经甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯活化)为无机填料,制备纳米SiO_2/有机硅聚丙烯酸复合防冰涂层。利用红外测试(FT-IR)、热失重(TGA)、扫描电镜(SEM)等研究了纳米SiO_2表面化学改性的机制,探讨了纳米SiO_2用量对涂层表面形貌、浸润性及涂层与冰层之间粘附性能的影响。结果表明,KH-570化学改性提高了纳米SiO_2在涂层中的分散性并有效地提高了涂层表面的疏水性能,当KH-570化学改性后的纳米SiO_2用量为8%时,涂层表面水的接触角为150°,呈现超疏水特性;涂层与冰层之间粘附力随纳米SiO_2用量增加呈现下降趋势,当纳米SiO_2用量为8%时,涂层与冰层之间的粘附力仅为树脂涂膜的30%左右。KH-570化学改性后的纳米SiO_2与低表面能有机硅聚丙烯酸树脂的协同效应使涂层具有了良好的疏水防冰性能。     

膜蒸馏脱盐用超疏水复合膜的研制

通过溶胶凝胶法和表面涂覆法,先后在PVDF中空纤维膜表面引入亲水SiO_2纳米粒子和低表面能PDMS涂层,构建具有高粗糙度、低表面能的超疏水复合膜,并探究SiO_2粒径、SiO_2溶液涂覆时间、PDMS涂覆时间等条件对复合膜性能的影响。SiO_2/PVDF复合膜接触角只有25.8°,而PDMS/SiO_2/PVDF复合膜接触角则达到162.3°,膜蒸馏通量约24.5 kg/(m~2·h);在60 h质量分数3.5%氯化钠盐溶液膜蒸馏测试中性能稳定,截留率始终保持在99.8%以上.     

PVDF/PBS纤维膜的制备及其在油水分离中的应用:基于静电纺丝

通过静电纺丝制备疏水性PVDF/PBS纤维膜,并利用PVDF对PBS进行疏水改性。研究表明,PVDF的引入能使纤维膜的水接触角从86.5°转变至137.4°,表明PVDF能够有效改善PBS的疏水性。并且,PVDF的引入能够显著提高纤维膜的成膜性能与油水分离效率,并使纤维膜的油通量最高可达582L/(m~2·h)。     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to     

Win-Win Cooperation

正The Chinese Premier Li Keqiang's recent trip to the UK has reinforced the China-UK comprehensive strategic partnership;just as the British Prime Minister David Cameron put it,"the relationship is gaining in strength,depth and understanding"after a bucket of business deals being inked worth more than 30 billion US dollars.From the first agreement signing in 2004 to the new agreement of mutual standards recognition and adoption in     

Systematic Approach for Emerging Industry

正A national directory of standards complexes for strategic emerging sectors was recently developed and released jointly by 12governmental departments,namely,SAC,NDRC,MOST,MIIT,MEP,MOA,AQSIQ,State Forest Administration,State Administration of Science and Technology for National Defense,State Oceanic Administration and National Railway Administration.     

Strictest Pollutants Emission Standards

正Four new national standards on air pollutant emission control offi cially issued by the Ministry of Environment Protection(MEP)together with AQSIQ and SAC has been brought into force from July 1,2014.The Emission standard for air pollutants of coal-burning,oil-burning and gasfi red boilers,which is the strictest emission standard historically,will tackle the stubborn pollution problem of boilers and waste incineration in most of China’s regions.     

Instructions to Authors

New Carbon Materials is a bimonthly journal published with the permission of the Ministry of Science and Technology and of the State News and Publication Agency.The journal is sponsored by the Institute of Coal Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and is published by Science Press.Aims and Scope     

Progress on Standards Copyright Protection

正Recently,National Copyright Administration of China(NCAC)has rewarded 215 organizations and 179 individuals for their outstanding efforts on investigating standards copyright infringement and piracy in 2013.Hua Jianhua,the Deputy-Director of National Standards Copyright Protection Workgroup Office won a third prize of the national individual award.In 2012,SAC set up the national standards copyright protection working group,and developed policies to crack down standards infringement and piracy behaviors and to strengthen standards copyright protection.