聚乳酸乙醇酸纤维增强全氟磺酸复合质子交换膜的研究

以具有良好亲水性的聚乳酸乙醇酸(poly-lactide-co-glycolide,PLGA)纳米纤维制备了Nafion/PLGA复合质子交换膜,其屈服强度、断裂强度和弹性模量达到10.5,19和147.8MPa,优于相同条件下的Nafion均质膜.Nafion/PLGA复合质子交换膜电导率达到0.053 S/cm,结构致密、单电池开路电压达到0.96 V,并在100～900 mA/cm2的欧姆极化控制区域呈现良好的性能.     

电纺制备聚丙烯腈/聚偏氟乙烯复合纤维膜及其空气过滤性能

以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)为芯层,聚丙烯腈(PAN)为皮层,通过同轴法静电纺丝技术制备PAN/PVDF纳米复合纤维膜。通过向纤维膜的皮层中加入纳米硅粉、气相白炭黑、硅溶胶三种不同的纳米粒子和改变皮芯层溶液挤出速度对PAN/PVDF纳米纤维膜进行结构优化。同时,采用BET、SEM、水接触角、纤维强度仪等对纤维膜的孔结构参数、表面形貌、亲水性、力学性能等进行研究。结果表明:在皮层中加入硅溶胶后的溶液导电能力达到32.90 μL/cm,PAN/PVDF纤维膜力学性能最好,纵向断裂强度达到13.02 MPa。含有硅溶胶的口罩布的品质因子达到0.0236,远大于纯聚丙烯(PP)无纺布的品质因子(0.0127),过滤性显著提高。      

PS/TPU复合纳米纤维膜的制备及其除油性能研究

通过将具有良好弹性的TPU加入PS溶液中进行静电纺丝,成功制备出一系列不同比例的PS/TPU复合纳米纤维膜。润湿性测试结果表明:纤维膜具有疏水亲油性质。吸油性能表明:PS/TPU复合纳米纤维膜具有高吸油性能,且随着纳米纤维膜中TPU含量的增加,纳米纤维膜对机油、硅油、花生油的吸油量逐渐减小。同时,该复合纳米纤维膜具有良好的循环利用性能,因此该复合纳米纤维膜在处理油污污染方面具有很好的应用前景。     

TiO2/聚乳酸复合纳米纤维膜的制备及其抗菌性能

采用静电纺丝技术,分别制备了纯聚乳酸(PLA)纳米纤维膜和不同TiO2含量的TiO2/PLA复合纳米纤维膜。利用扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱和电子万能试验机分别对复合纳米纤维膜进行了形貌表征、成分分析和力学性能测试,用改良的振荡烧瓶法测试了复合纳米膜的抗菌性能。结果表明:随TiO2含量的增加,纤维直径减小而CV值和表面颗粒尺寸有所增加;复合纳米纤维膜中含有TiO2成分,证明TiO2与聚乳酸能够物理复合;添加适量的TiO2能够提高纳米纤维膜的断裂强度;在光催化条件下,TiO2/PLA复合纳米纤维膜对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌表现出良好的抗菌性能,当TiO2含量为1%时,对两种菌的抑菌率分别达到92.9%和92.2%。     

PBT/PVA复合纳米纤维膜的制备及性能研究

通过将聚乙烯醇(PVA)与聚对苯二甲丁二醇酯(PBT)不同比例混合进行静电纺丝,对所得PBT/PVA复合纳米纤维膜通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、单轴拉伸测试以及水接触角测试进行了表征。结果显示:PBT/PVA混合溶液的可纺性和所得纤维膜形貌随PVA含量增加而变化;纯PBT纳米纤维膜表现为较低的力学性能和疏水性(水接触角为135°),而少量PVA的混入(PBT/PVA=20/1或10/1)可以有效提高所得纤维膜力学性能和亲水性,尤其10/1的PBT/PVA复合纤维膜在力学性能提高的同时表现为超亲水特性(水接触为0°)。     

纳米纤维素晶体和柠檬酸改性聚乙烯醇薄膜的制备及性能

以球形纳米纤维素晶体(NCC)作增强相、柠檬酸作交联剂对聚乙烯醇(PVA)进行改性,制备了PVA/NCC纳米复合薄膜和柠檬酸交联PVA/NCC纳米复合薄膜。通过热重分析、差热分析、吸水实验和拉伸实验考察了NCC的添加和柠檬酸的交联对薄膜热性能、耐水性和力学性能的影响。结果表明,与纯PVA薄膜相比,改性PVA薄膜的起始分解温度升高、熔融/结晶峰向高温方向移动、吸水率降低;只用NCC或柠檬酸对PVA改性时,所得PVA/NCC纳米复合薄膜、柠檬酸交联PVA薄膜的力学性能均对环境湿度敏感;同时用NCC(m(NCC)/m(PVA)=6/100)和柠檬酸(m(柠檬酸)/m(PVA)=3/100或m(柠檬酸)/m(PVA)=4.5/100)对PVA改性时,所得柠檬酸交联PVA/NCC纳米复合薄膜的力学性能不随环境湿度变化。     

纤维素/二氧化钛复合纳米纤维膜的制备及对Cu^(2+)吸附性能EI北大核心CSCD

采用静电纺丝技术与水解后处理的方法相结合,制备了纤维素/TiO_2复合纳米纤维膜。通过扫描电镜、红外光谱、X射线衍射、接触角及力学性能测试对复合纳米纤维膜进行了表征。结果表明,复合纳米纤维膜表面光滑,纤维呈三维杂乱排列;加入TiO_2后,纳米纤维的平均直径略有下降,纤维素的结晶度减小,断裂强度降低;但亲水性大幅提升。Cu^(2+)吸附试验结果表明,溶液pH、Cu^(2+)初始浓度和吸附时间是影响吸附效果的重要因素,Cu^(2+)的最大平衡吸附量可达66.54mg/g。Cu^(2+)在纤维素/TiO_2复合纳米纤维膜上的等温吸附规律可以用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温模型进行描述,从相关系数来看,纤维素/TiO_2复合纳米纤维对Cu^(2+)的吸附行为用Freundlich模型描述更为合理。     

纤维素/二氧化钛复合纳米纤维膜的制备及对Cu~(2+)吸附性能

采用静电纺丝技术与水解后处理的方法相结合,制备了纤维素/TiO_2复合纳米纤维膜。通过扫描电镜、红外光谱、X射线衍射、接触角及力学性能测试对复合纳米纤维膜进行了表征。结果表明,复合纳米纤维膜表面光滑,纤维呈三维杂乱排列;加入TiO_2后,纳米纤维的平均直径略有下降,纤维素的结晶度减小,断裂强度降低;但亲水性大幅提升。Cu~(2+)吸附试验结果表明,溶液pH、Cu~(2+)初始浓度和吸附时间是影响吸附效果的重要因素,Cu~(2+)的最大平衡吸附量可达66.54mg/g。Cu~(2+)在纤维素/TiO_2复合纳米纤维膜上的等温吸附规律可以用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温模型进行描述,从相关系数来看,纤维素/TiO_2复合纳米纤维对Cu~(2+)的吸附行为用Freundlich模型描述更为合理。     

静电纺丝法制备聚丙烯腈/聚醋酸乙烯酯复合纳米纤维膜

采用静电纺丝法制备了聚丙烯腈(PAN)/聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc)复合纳米纤维膜。利用原子力显微镜(AFM)、电子显微镜(SEM)分析了纤维的直径分布、整体形貌及单根纳米纤维的表面形貌;利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)分析了PAN、PAN/PVAc、PVAc纳米纤维膜的化学组成;同时借助热重(TG)分析了PVAc的加入对复合纤维膜热性能的影响。结果表明,当m(PAN)∶m(PVAc)=5∶5、质量分数为10%时,所得纤维膜最有利于制备聚合物电解质膜;PAN与PVAc之间产生配位键,从而提高了纤维膜的热性能。     

PVDF／TPU相容性分析及中空纤维膜的制备与表征

通过DSC扫描分析PVDF/TPU共混后二者相容性.采用相转化法制备PVDF/TPU中空纤维膜.牛血清白蛋白截留实验、FTIR-ATR红外光谱扫描、扫描电子显微镜分析共混时添加水溶性聚合物聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)后对中空纤维膜分离性能、微观结构、晶相组成的影响.结果表明,PVDF/TPU为部分相容体系,添加适量的PVP伊可以明显改善PVDF的亲水性和膜过滤性能.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to