极性可调高聚物接枝氧化石墨烯相容剂的制备及在MC尼龙中的应用

设计制备了极性可调控的反应型相容剂乙烯-辛烯共聚物-甲醛缩多乙烯多胺-g-氧化石墨烯(POE-TEPAF-GO),并将其应用于铸型尼龙(MC尼龙)/马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物(MAPOE)共混体系中。同时,调节TEPAF相对分子质量大小,考察不同极性的相容剂对共混材料MC尼龙/MAPOE的影响。研究结果表明,POE-TEPAF-GO对MC尼龙/MAPOE共混体系增容效果较为理想,并且可作为多功能填料对共混材料实现增韧和增强,其中共混材料韧性提高最为显著,较纯MC尼龙提高93%,拉伸强度、热稳定性也有所改善,此外在一定程度上改变了晶型。当TEPAF的Mw=931时,材料的综合性能最优。     

功能化石墨烯-碳纳米管协同强韧化HDPE纳米复合材料的制备和性能

使用L-天门冬氨酸连接氧化石墨烯和酸化多壁碳纳米管(WMCNT-COOH)合成杂化材料LGC,然后用纳米填料LGC填充马来酸酐接枝高密度聚乙烯(HDPE-g-MAH),用熔融共混法制备了LGC/HDPE-g-MAH纳米复合材料。对LGC杂化填料和LGC/HDPE-g-MAH纳米复合材料进行了红外分析(FTIR)、拉曼光谱分析(Raman)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜分析(SEM)、示差扫描量热仪分析(DSC)、热失重分析(TGA)、动态热机械分析(DMA)和力学性能测试,研究了LGC含量对LGC/HDPE-g-MAH纳米复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:L-天门冬氨连接了GO和WMCNT-COOH,三者通过酰胺键连接在一起形成LGC杂化材料。LGC杂化材料内部官能团(氨基或羧基等)与聚合物基体中的羧基发生相互作用,改善了基体与填料之间的界面。根据DMA分析,损耗因子的变化证实了LGC与基体分子链之间强烈的相互作用。热学分析结果表明:纳米复合材料的结晶温度、熔融温度和热稳定性能都提高了。力学分析表明:随着LGC含量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度呈现出先增大后降低的趋势;当LGC含量为0.5%和0.75%(质量分数)时,复合材料的冲击强度和拉伸强度分别比HDPE-g-MAH提高了95.9%和62.4%。     

氧化石墨烯对聚丙烯/尼龙6两组分聚合物的增容作用

采用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯,然后将其与聚丙烯/尼龙6(PP/PA6)两组分聚合物进行熔融共混制备聚丙烯/尼龙6/氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料。通过拉伸强度测试、差示扫描量热测试并结合扫描电子显微镜对尼龙6分散相尺寸大小观察表明,由于氧化石墨烯表面环氧官能团与尼龙6中端氨基能发生化学反应,有效提高了各组分之间的界面相互作用;少量的氧化石墨烯使尼龙6分散相尺寸大幅度减小,并使复合材料拉伸强度大幅度提高,由此表明石墨烯对热力学不相容聚丙烯/尼龙6两组分聚合物具有良好的增容作用。     

HDPE-g-MAH对HDPE/石墨导热复合材料性能的影响

针对高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)/石墨复合材料中石墨与HDPE的相容性差,复合材料性能较差的缺点,采用3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷对石墨进行表面改性,然后以HDPE-g-MAH作为HDPE与石墨的相容剂,研究了其对HDPE/石墨导热复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,当HDPE-g-MAH用量为3%(质量分数,下同)时,HDPE/石墨复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度分别从未加HDPE-g-MAH时的25.0 MPa和5.9 J/m2提高到27.1 MPa和6.9 J/m2。SEM结果显示,HDPE-g-MAH改善了HDPE与石墨的界面结合情况。接触角和表面能结果进一步证明,HDPE-g-MAH改善了石墨在HDPE基体中的分散性,石墨在HDPE中的团聚减少。     

具有高热阻相界面的石墨烯/PMMA复合材料的制备与性能研究

通过将氨基封端的聚二乙烯基硅氧烷(AP)接枝到氧化石墨烯(GO)表面,并将其与甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)通过原位本体聚合制备GO-P(AP-co-PMMA)复合材料。结果表明:GO呈半透明片状结构,表面上含有大量的含氧官能团。用N,N-羰基二咪唑(CDI)作为活化剂可以将AP接枝到GO表面。改性石墨烯的含量为0.1%(wt,质量分数,下同)时,聚合物的三点弯曲强度可达59MPa;随着改性石墨烯的加入量从0.1%到0.9%,聚合物的导热性能呈下降趋势。     

碳纤维/氧化石墨烯多尺度增强体的制备与表征EI北大核心CSCD

利用改进Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯,通过"grafting to"法接枝到用硅烷偶联剂Kh550处理的碳纤维表面,从而获得碳纤维/氧化石墨烯多尺度增强体。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和红外光谱(IR)对获得的多尺度碳纤维的形貌、结构和表面官能团进行了表征,并利用纤维电子强力仪和电阻率仪研究了接枝前后碳纤维力学性能和传导性能的变化。结果表明,氧化石墨烯主要接枝在碳纤维表面的沟槽和缺陷处,碳纤维表面不饱和碳原子数目增加,微晶尺寸减小,接枝后碳纤维的拉伸强度提高了9.8%,断裂伸长率提高了13.1%,而其电导率降低了11.6%。     

聚苯胺共轭接枝氧化石墨烯的制备及性能测试

利用改进Hummers法氧化鳞片石墨,然后超声分离制备氧化石墨烯(GO),最后利用表面的环氧基与氨水在压力釜中反应引入氨基(GO-g),进而接枝聚苯胺,制备聚苯胺共轭接枝氧化石墨烯(GO-g-PANI)。通过FT-IR、SEM、TEM、XRD、四探针导体/半导体电阻率测试仪进行表征。结果表明,成功制备了聚苯胺共轭接枝氧化石墨烯,当氨基化石墨烯与苯胺的质量比为1∶3,氨基化温度为85℃时,制备得到的聚苯胺共轭接枝氧化石墨烯导电性最好,电阻率值为3.35Ω·cm,在导电材料、电磁屏蔽材料方面具有潜在的应用前景。     

HDPE/PA6共混阻隔材料的制备及研究

采用熔融挤出法制备了高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)与马来酸酐(MAH)的接枝物(HDPE-g-MAH),并用红外光谱证实了接枝反应。以此接枝物为相容剂制备HDPE/PA6共混材料。研究了PA6和相容剂用量对共混材料形态结构、力学性能及阻气性能的影响。SEM表明相容剂可以明显改善HDPE与PA6的相容性。PA6的加入显著提高了HDPE对氧气的阻隔性能。     

碳纤维/氧化石墨烯多尺度增强体的制备与表征

利用改进Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯,通过"grafting to"法接枝到用硅烷偶联剂Kh550处理的碳纤维表面,从而获得碳纤维/氧化石墨烯多尺度增强体。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和红外光谱(IR)对获得的多尺度碳纤维的形貌、结构和表面官能团进行了表征,并利用纤维电子强力仪和电阻率仪研究了接枝前后碳纤维力学性能和传导性能的变化。结果表明,氧化石墨烯主要接枝在碳纤维表面的沟槽和缺陷处,碳纤维表面不饱和碳原子数目增加,微晶尺寸减小,接枝后碳纤维的拉伸强度提高了9.8%,断裂伸长率提高了13.1%,而其电导率降低了11.6%。     

氧化石墨烯对氢化二聚酸尼龙力学性能的影响

以氧化石墨烯为改性剂,氢化二聚酸、1,6-己二胺、聚醚胺D-230、己内酰胺为原料,通过原位聚合法合成氧化石墨烯增强氢化二聚酸共聚尼龙。力学性能测试结果表明:在共聚尼龙基体中,氧化石墨烯的质量分数为0.08%时,增强尼龙的拉伸强度为51.3MPa,断裂伸长率为457.3%,弯曲强度为36.3MPa,缺口冲击吸收功为84kJ/m2。热重分析和差示扫描量热分析结果显示:尼龙的分解温度和最后的残炭量也得到了提高。从扫描电镜对改性尼龙断面的观察可以看出,氧化石墨烯均匀分散在共聚尼龙本体中。与未添加氧化石墨烯的尼龙相比,氧化石墨烯对尼龙的增强作用明显。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.