氮化硼和纳米金刚石混杂填充聚酰亚胺导热复合材料的制备与表征

以二维六方氮化硼和三维纳米金刚石为导热填料通过原位聚合方式杂化填充到聚酰亚胺(PI)基体中制备导热绝缘复合材料。采用聚芳酰胺和4,4-二氨基二苯醚分别对氮化硼和纳米金刚石进行表面接枝改性,以提高有机-无机两相界面的相容性。通过扫描电子显微镜、导热仪、热重分析等方法对复合材料的结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明,不同粒径的导热填料混杂填充聚合物,利用协同效应可以提高堆砌密度,降低界面热阻,形成导热网络。当填料总质量分数为30%,改性氮化硼和纳米金刚石的质量比为9∶1时,复合材料的热导率达0.596 W/(m·K),是纯PI的3.5倍,同时复合材料仍具有较好的热稳定性和电绝缘性,满足微电子领域的应用需求。     

电子封装用氰酸酯复合材料的研究

采用氮化铝(AlN)和纳米氮化铝(n-AlN)、二氧化硅(SiO2)以及经过硅烷偶联剂(KH560)处理的AlN和SiO2与氰酸酯(CE)树脂共混,设计制备了AlN/CE,n-AlN/CE,AlN-SiO2/CE和AlN(KH560)-SiO2(KH560)/CE复合材料。研究了填料的种类、粒径、含量和表面性质对复合材料导热性能、介电性能的影响。结果表明:填料对复合材料的导热性能有显著影响,用n-AlN和AlN混合填充CE,不同粒径的AlN可以形成紧密堆砌而提高热导率λ。高含量的AlN添加到CE中会提高复合材料的介电常数,但将SiO2部分取代AlN,能减少介电常数的增加量。     

LD-144改性氮化铝/环氧树脂新型电子封装材料的性能研究

采用钛酸酯偶联剂LD-144对AlN粉末进行表面改性,通过机械搅拌,超声波处理制备AlN/环氧树脂(EP)新型高导热电子封装材料。研究不同钛酸酯偶联剂含量及AlN粉末含量对复合材料的导热性能、热膨胀系数以及介电性能等的影响。结果表明:偶联剂对AlN粉末的改性有利于其与基体EP的界面结合,且随着填料AlN含量的增加,复合材料的导热性能提升明显,热膨胀系数有一定程度的下降。     

纳米SiO2改性竹纤维/乙烯基树脂复合材料界面相容性

以乙烯基树脂(VE)为基体,竹纤维(BF)为增强材料,通过偶联剂KH602对纳米SiO₂进行改性处理,并利用改性后纳米SiO₂分别对竹纤维和树脂进行改性处理,采用真空辅助树脂传递模塑成型工艺(VARTM)制备了BF/VE复合材料。采用FTIR、SEM对改性后纤维和树脂的表面物理化学状态进行表征,结果表明:改性纳米SiO₂成功化学接枝到竹纤维表面且分散到树脂基体中,改性纳米SiO₂在BF1/VE0.5 (用1.0wt%改性纳米SiO₂改性纤维和0.5wt%改性纳米SiO₂改性树脂)复合材料中分散更为均匀;采用力学试验机和SEM对复合材料力学、断口和表面形貌进行分析,考察改性纳米SiO₂的添加量对BF/VE复合材料力学性能、界面性能的影响。结果表明:BF1/VE0.5复合材料的拉伸、弯曲及冲击强度分别达到最大值49.0 MPa、70.6 MPa和150.4 J/m,与未处理的复合材料相比分别提高了18.9%、26.1%、70.7%。此外,还初步探讨了改性纳米SiO₂的界面增强机制。      

有机硅树脂基导热复合材料的制备与导热性能研究

以自制甲基苯基乙烯基有机硅树脂(SR)为基体,分别填充Al2O3、BN、Si3N4、AlN和SiC等导热填料,制备出一系列有机硅树脂基导热复合材料,并重点对系列复合材料的导热性能进行综合对比和分析。研究结果表明,添加20份AlN填料,可将有机硅树脂的导热性能提升到其纯树脂的2倍以上。同时AlN的用量和粒径会对SR/AlN复合材料的导热系数产生直接的影响,其导热系数随AlN用量的增加而增大,在0.03、2μm和5μm 3种粒径规格中,粒径为2μm的AlN改性有机硅复合材料的导热系数最大。进一步的研究表明,相对于SR/AlN,将BN与AlN按4∶6的体积比复配后填充制备的SR/BN/AlN复合材料的导热性能得到了进一步的提升,其导热系数达到了1.885W/(m·K)。     

氮化物对增强线性酚醛树脂导热性能的对比研究

目的对比探讨氮化物陶瓷颗粒AlN和BN对热塑性酚醛树脂复合材料导热率的影响,制备高导热复合材料,并将其应用于电子塑封领域。方法首先,采用硅烷偶联剂对AlN和BN进行表面改性,以增强其在有机聚合物中的分散性。然后通过在线性酚醛树脂中添加不同粒径的陶瓷颗粒,对比粒径及填料含量对线性酚醛树脂复合材料导热率的影响,从声子角度分析,获取适合作为提高复合材料导热性能的填料。结果经过硅烷偶联剂表面改性后,陶瓷颗粒AlN、BN与水的接触角变大,与树脂的接触角变小,能够更好地分散在线性酚醛树脂中。在线性酚醛树脂中添加不同粒径、不同含量的AlN和BN,发现在不同含量范围内,填料粒径对复合材料导热率的影响不同。根据声子传递热量理论分析,BN较AlN在与C形成的界面上更容易传输热量,从而实现了较高的导热率。结论氮化物陶瓷颗粒能够很好地增强复合材料的导热率,尤其是BN,其态密度和C的态密度重叠率极高,更适合在BN与C的界面快速传递热量。     

改性氮化铝对有机硅树脂导热性能的影响

为了进一步提高氮化铝(AlN)填充有机硅树脂的导热能力,采用丁二酸(Sa)和硅烷偶联剂KH-570共同对AlN表面进行处理,并填充到甲基含氢硅油交联的甲基乙烯基硅油树脂(SR)中,制得氮化铝-丁二酸/有机硅复合材料(SR/Sa-AlN)。研究结果表明,Sa的加入有助于AlN的表面改性,提高复合材料的导热能力;粒径为2.0μm改性的SR/Sa-AlN有机硅复合材料的效果最好,采用粒径为2.0μm的改性SR/Sa-AlN与碳化硅(SiC)(粒径40nm)复配,配合比为60∶40条件下,制得的有机硅树脂基导热复合材料(SR/Sa-AlN/SiC)的导热系数为1.285W/(m·℃),达到了工业对导热胶的应用要求。     

氰酸酯树脂/氧化锌晶须/石墨烯纳米片导热复合材料研究

采用四针状氧化锌晶须(ZnOw)和石墨烯纳米片(GNP)改性氰酸酯树脂(CE)制备了系列导热绝缘复合材料,研究了填料的种类和用量对氰酸酯复合材料导热、绝缘及热稳定性能的影响。当树脂基体中加入50%ZnOw或10%GNP时,复合材料的热导率分别达到0.77和0.97 W/(m·K),较纯树脂基体材料分别提高了185%和259%。将ZnOw与GNP混合填充氰酸酯树脂则更有利于提高复合材料的导热性能,当树脂基体中加入40%ZnOw和10%GNP混合填料时,复合材料的热导率可达到1.54 W/(m·K),较纯树脂基体材料提高了470%,并且该复合材料仍能够保持良好的电绝缘性能。TGA结果表明,石墨烯纳米片和氧化锌晶须的加入可以明显提高氰酸酯树脂复合材料的热稳定性。     

碳化硼/有机硅复合材料的制备及相关性能研究

以有机硅树脂为基体,用硅烷偶联剂KH550表面改性的碳化硼作填料,在铂催化作用下,制备了碳化硼/有机硅复合材料。分别采用DLS、SEM、FT-IR、热膨胀系数仪、TG、硬度计、电子万能试验机等对改性前后碳化硼的粒径、形貌、分子结构变化及碳化硼/有机硅复合材料相关性能进行表征。结果表明,改性后的碳化硼颗粒表面接枝上KH550,改变了粉体的表面性质,增强了无机碳化硼与有机硅树脂界面相容性,降低了二者界面张力。制备的复合材料拉伸强度、邵氏硬度随无机填料质量分数的增加而增大,复合材料的拉伸强度达8.62 MPa,耐温达300℃。     

SiC颗粒-SiC晶须混杂填料/双马来酰亚胺树脂导热复合材料的制备与性能

以双马来酰亚胺树脂(BMI)为树脂基体,二烯丙基双酚A(DABA)为增韧剂,γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-560)表面改性的SiC颗粒-SiC晶须(SiCP-SiCW)为复配导热填料,浇注成型制备SiC_P-SiC_W/BMI导热复合材料,分析研究SiC形状、用量、质量比及表面改性对SiC_P-SiC_W/BMI导热复合材料的导热性能、介电性能、力学性能和热性能的影响。结果表明,当改性SiC_P-SiC_W用量为40wt%且SiC_P∶SiC_W质量比为1∶3时,SiC_P-SiC_W/BMI导热复合材料具有最佳的综合性能,导热系数λ为1.125W(m·K)~(-1),介电常数ε为4.12,5%热失重温度为427℃。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.