纳米SiO_2的光敏改性及在光固化复合涂层中的应用

以六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、4,4′-二羟基二苯甲酮(DHBP)、N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)为原料,合成出主链含有夺氢型光引发剂以及共引发剂胺结构的NCO封端的聚氨酯预聚体,将预聚体接枝到纳米SiO_2表面,得到具有聚氨酯结构的光敏性纳米SiO_2(PU-photo-SiO_2),然后将其添加到聚氨酯丙烯酸酯树脂(PUA)中制备出光固化复合膜。红外光谱证实了PU-photo-SiO_2的成功合成;扫描电镜、热重分析、冲击强度等研究表明,PU-photo-SiO_2与光固化PUA树脂的相容性较好,利于提高光固化膜的热稳定性和力学性能。     

超支化改性紫外光固化聚氨酯丙烯酸酯(PUA)

采用二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、聚丙二醇400(PPG400)和甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)为原料制备了聚氨酯丙烯酸酯(PUA)预聚体,而后采用实验室自制的超支化聚酯对PUA改性制备超支化聚氨酯(HPUA),并选用两种不同官能度的活性稀释剂对HPUA树脂进行分散,分别研究了两种活性稀释剂不同配比对树脂固化后的性能影...     

纳米SiO2/聚氨酯杂化材料的研究进展

综述了近10年纳米SiO2改性聚氨酯的研究进展,主要介绍了由3种方法制备的纳米SiO2/聚氨酯杂化体的形态结构及杂化体中SiO2与聚氨酯分子的相互作用力,并讨论了引入SiO2对聚氨酯体系的力学性能、热学性能、光学性能、耐磨损性、耐刮伤性能的影响.     

丙烯酸改性水性聚氨酯的制备与表征

以聚乙二醇、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)为基本原料,合成了水性聚氨酯(PU)预聚体,并在此基础上加入适量丙烯酸,制备出丙烯酸改性水性聚氨酯(PUA)。对所得产物进行了表征与测试,同时,探讨了丙烯酸含量对水性聚氨酯性能的影响。研究结果表明:丙烯酸成功地接枝到水性聚氨酯分子链上,改性后的水性聚氨酯的耐热性能提高;随着丙烯酸体积分数的增加,PUA的断裂伸长率减小,拉伸强度和吸水率显著提高。     

上海市合成树脂研究所推出水处理微生物包埋载体用PUA预聚体

上海市合成树脂研究所以多官司能度、水溶性聚醚多元醇和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)进行预聚反应合成-NCO封端的聚氨酯(PU)预聚体,再和甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)反应合成含有双键的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯(PUA)预聚体。该预聚体流动性好,易乳化于水,     

水性聚氨酯脲傲性纳米CaCO3有机-无机杂化材料的制备方法

本发明涉及水性聚氨酯脲（PUU）催溶胶改性纳米CaCO3杂化水分散液的制备方法。其制备特点在于，以粒径10nm～100nm的硅溶胶改性纳米CaCO3水分散液代替部分水，采用原位法直接对聚氨酯脲预聚体进行分散，从而得到高固含量（25％-30％）的有机-无机杂化材料。该杂化材料在室温时具有很好的稳定性，且高固含量使其具有节...     

高分子专利：水性聚氨酯脲做性纳米CaCO3有机-无机杂化材料的制备方法EI北大核心

本发明涉及水性聚氨酯脲（PUU）催溶胶改性纳米CaCO3杂化水分散液的制备方法。其制备特点在于,以粒径10-100nm的硅溶胶改性纳米CaCO3水分散液代替部分水,采用原位法直接对聚氨酯脲预聚体进行分散,从而得到高固含量（25—30％）的有机一无机杂化材料。该杂化材料在室温时具有很好的稳定性,且高固含量使其具有节能等优点。     

光固化水性聚氨酯/SiO_2纳米复合乳液的合成和膜性能

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、聚乙二醇、2,2-双羟甲基丙酸、甲基丙烯酸-2-羟基乙酯(HEMA)为主要原料,通过丙酮法合成光固化水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯预聚体,三乙胺中和后原位引入纳米二氧化硅水溶胶制备光固化水性聚氨酯/二氧化硅纳米复合乳液(WPU/SiO2)。研究了纳米二氧化硅对复合乳液粒径、黏度以及复合膜微观结构和力学性能的影响。经X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对复合膜微观结构分析表明,纳米二氧化硅与聚氨酯之间存在很好的相互作用,纳米二氧化硅均匀分散在聚氨酯基体中。动态力学分析表明纳米二氧化硅可提高复合膜的储能模量。     

聚氨酯/纳米TiO2复合材料抗冲蚀磨损性能研究

以聚四氢呋喃醚二醇-1000(PTMG)、甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)、3,3-二氯-4,4-二苯基甲烷二胺(MOCA)为原料,采用预聚法合成聚氨酯弹性体,并选用经表面改性的纳米TiO2颗粒对聚氨酯弹性体进行增强,制得聚氨酯复合材料.结果表明:纳米TiO2/聚氨酯复合材料与纳米CaCO3/聚氨酯复合材料、高铬铸铁相比较,具有优异的抗冲蚀磨损性能.     

TiO_2/石墨烯纳米复合材料对UV固化水性聚氨酯的改性EI北大核心CSCD

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了锐钛矿型的纳米TiO_2,用改进的Hummers法制备了氧化石墨烯,用水热法合成了纳米TiO_2/石墨烯复合材料。采用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和聚乙二醇1000为反应单体,二月桂酸二丁基锡为催化剂,二羟甲基丙酸作为扩链剂,并以甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯封端,成功制备出水性聚氨酯预聚体。将TiO_2/石墨烯复合材料引入UV固化聚氨酯体系,制备了含有不同质量分数复合材料的聚氨酯涂层。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线粉末衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、紫外-可见分光光度计等手段对样品进行表征,分析了材料的形貌、组成、结构及光催化降解性能。结果表明,TiO_2/石墨烯复合材料改性水性聚氨酯涂料表现出了较好的光催化性能。280nm紫外光照射下24h之内对甲基橙降解率达到77.20%,而在可见光条件下复合材料对甲基橙降解率达到57.52%。经改性的聚氨酯涂层的各项力学性能有了不同程度的提高。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from