充油SEEPS/SEBS的力学性能和动态力学性能与结构的关系

对具有代表性的多种SEEPS和SEBS进行了结构分析和相对分子质量检测,筛选出化学结构不同但苯乙烯含量相同且相对分子质量接近而具有可比性的SEEPS Kuraray-4055和SEBS YH-502T。通过小角X射线散射、透射电镜和原子力显微镜表征了充油SEEPS与SEBS体系的微观结构,显示SEEPS体系的相尺寸(49.1 nm)和相间距(47.9 nm)比SEBS体系的相尺寸(38.3 nm)和相间距(38.1 nm)大,前者具有更完整的微相分离;结合核磁共振氢谱的结果,发现这是由于SEEPS软段中氢化异戊二烯链段单元的存在使其链段柔顺性高于SEBS所致。根据Instron万能材料试验机和动态力学性能分析结果可知,相同条件下微相分离程度更高的SEEPS体系所具有的力学性能和储能模量均大于SEBS体系。研究结果表明,SEEPS/SEBS的分子结构是影响其充油体系微观结构、力学性能及动态力学性能的主要因素。     

环氧大豆油对聚苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯结构与性能的影响

系统研究了环保型增塑剂环氧大豆油(ESO)对聚苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯(SEBS)进行改性后的结构与性能。红外光谱结果表明,9 phr环氧大豆油添加到SEBS中,会在1750 cm~(-1)处出现新的特征吸收峰,但不会改变SEBS的链结构;小角X射线散射结果表明,环氧大豆油与SEBS相互作用会影响聚集态结构,体现在SEBS相间距由56.07 nm增加到59.25 nm,微相尺寸分布增宽,导致SEBS改性后的黏度显著降低,体现在200℃时黏度由19186.8 Pa·s降低到8111.5 Pa·s;同时起始分解温度从389℃降低到354℃,玻璃化转变温度从-29.6℃降低到-34.4℃,SEBS热稳定性降低,分子链柔性增加,结晶度降低,拉伸强度从22.4 MPa降低到20.6 MPa。     

充油SEBS的热稳定性及耐紫外老化性能

采用热重分析(TGA)研究了充油SEBS体系的热稳定性,通过分析拉伸强度变化研究了共混体系的耐紫外性能,并用红外光谱(FT-IR)研究了经紫外辐照后体系的化学结构变化。TGA结果表明,白油的加入导致SEBS热稳定性下降,15#、26#和32#白油构成的SEBS(YH-602)填充体系的起始失重温度由纯SEBS的413.8℃分别下降到184.4℃、218.7℃和238.5℃,最大失重速率温度由441.2℃分别下降到436.4℃、434.7℃和436.0℃。充油SEBS的耐紫外性能随白油用量的增加而降低,70phr 15#、26#和32#白油填充SEBS(YH-602)的拉伸强度保留率分别为84.34%、70.07%和97.35%,而190phr的分别为68.55%、65%和77.24%。经紫外辐照后试样表面的FT-IR谱图在3300 cm-1、1720 cm-1和1164 cm-1附近出现吸收峰,显示老化降解后新增基团主要为羧酸类和脂肪族酯类。     

PE/SEBS-g-MAH/SEBS的制备及防污性能

以聚乙烯（PE）网衣为基材,苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物接枝马来酸酐（SEBS-g-MAH）和苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段聚合物（SEBS）为原料,通过浸涂法制备得到PE/SEBS-g-MAH/SEBS(PSMS);分析讨论了不同SEBS附着率时PSMS的力学性能、表面形貌、表面性质、抗蛋白吸附和抗大肠杆菌吸附等性能。结果表明,PSMS表面呈大小不一的泡孔形貌,且随着SEBS附着率的增大,PSMS表面泡孔密度增大,拉伸强度先增加后降低。当SEBS附着率为46.1%时,PSMS的拉伸强度和表面自由能分别为6.045 MPa和14.055 mN/m,抗蛋白吸附率达93.21%,同时兼具良好的抗大肠杆菌吸附性能。除此之外,PSMS在海洋挂板实验中也表现出良好的防污性能。     

聚丙烯对SEBS弹性体的改性作用与结晶行为

选用聚丙烯PP-S700,使用密炼机制备了苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯(SEBS)/聚丙烯(PP)弹性体共混材料。通过差示扫描量热法研究了聚丙烯PP在SEBS弹性体中的结晶行为;利用广角X射线衍射初步探讨了聚丙烯PP结晶在SEBS弹性体中的取向性,计算得到了PP的取向度。研究结果表明,SEBS/PP共混材料随着PP含量的增加由弹性体转化为硬弹性体,PP分散相逐渐连接,与SEBS形成双连续相,使材料的力学强度、储能模量显著提高,且降低了因PP的引入而对弹性体断裂伸长率的影响。在SEBS/PP弹性体共混材料中PP的结晶温度、结晶度都会随着SEBS含量的增加而降低。在注塑成型过程中,SEBS/PP弹性体共混材料的大分子链沿注塑成型方向取向。     

AFM针尖在嵌段共聚物薄膜表面锻造纳米图案

介绍了在原子力显微镜(AFM)轻敲模式下使用普通硅针尖在球形结构的苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物(SEBS)薄膜表面锻造凹痕和凸痕纳米图案的工艺方法;从嵌段共聚物薄膜的微观结构出发,研究了SEBS薄膜表面的不同相分离形态对锻造压痕的影响,结果证实,只有六角状球形结构的薄膜才能用于制备压痕,其原因是由于该结构样品具有较低的硬度和模量;通过与均聚物PS薄膜比较得出,球形相分离形态的SEBS薄膜具有容易发生变形、压痕精度高、无边界堆积等优点。     

木质素填充改性SBS弹性体的热氧老化性能

采用溶液浇铸的方法制备了玉米秸秆木质素填充改性的苯乙烯/丁二烯/苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)材料。利用力学性能测试、动态力学分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱及X射线光电能谱等方法研究了木质素填充改性对SBS热氧老化性能的影响。力学性能测试结果表明,与未改性的SBS弹性体相比,在相同的热氧老化时间下,木质素填充SBS弹性体拉伸强度的降幅由74.53%降至67.37%,断裂伸长率的降幅由72.89%降至46.45%;动态力学分析表明,木质素的添加有效减缓了SBS低温玻璃化转变温度的变化;红外光谱和X射线光电能谱分析表明,木质素的填充减缓了热氧老化造成的含氧基团含量增加的幅度。SBS弹性体中玉米秸秆木质素的填充可以起到防老化的效果。     

马来酸酐接枝SEBS对尼龙6/SEBS共混物聚集态结构的影响

研究了马来酸酐(MAH)接枝的部分氢化苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物(SEBS)(SEBS-g—MAH)对尼龙6／SEBS的共混物聚集态结构的影响。研究结果表明,SEBS—g—MAH上的MAH侧基和尼龙6的端氨基发生了缩合反应,增加了尼龙6和SEBS的界面相互作用．透射电镜(TEM)的结果表明,当SEBS在尼龙6／SEBS共混物中为分散相时,SEBS-g—MAH使得分散相颗粒尺寸明显减小,两相界面变得模糊．示差扫描量热仪(DSC)的研究结果表明,SEBS-g—MAH的引入对尼龙6／SEBS共混物的熔融峰、结晶峰和结晶度都有明显的影响．因此SEBS-g—MAH与SEBS相比能更有效地与尼龙6相容,在很大程度上改变了尼龙6／SEBS共混体系的聚集态结构。     

丙烯酸酯-苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物对聚氯乙烯紫外光老化性能的影响

借助色差分析、红外光谱、凝胶渗透色谱等手段研究了聚氯乙烯(PVC)/丙烯酸酯-苯乙烯-丙烯腈(ASA)共混物的紫外光老化性能。利用转矩流变仪和拉伸机研究了ASA对PVC加工和拉伸性能的影响。实验发现,与空白样相比,ASA的加入会使共混体系塑化和平衡扭矩增大,塑化时间缩短;对未老化样而言,ASA的加入会使体系的拉伸强度增加,但断裂伸长率的变化较小;而对老化样来说,ASA的加入会使体系的拉伸强度、颜色、双键和羰基随紫外光老化时间延长而产生的变化减小,但会使断裂伸长率衰减加剧;老化15 d后,PVC和ASA的相对分子质量明显减小,而PVC/ASA体系相对分子质量变化不大。在此基础上提出了相应机理。     

不同弹性体对聚丙烯的协同增韧

以弹性体乙烯-α-辛烯共聚物(POE)、苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯共聚物(SEBS)和SEBS/POE作为增韧剂,对不同弹性体协同增韧聚丙烯进行了研究,考察了共混体系的力学性能、结晶行为、结晶形貌、动态力学分析以及低温脆断面形貌。结果表明,弹性体SEBS、POE均对PP具有增韧作用,当SEBS、POE用量分别为20%、25%时完成了"脆韧转变",其中SEBS增韧效果较佳;SEBS、POE作为弹性体加入,使PP的结晶度降低;当SEBS/POE复配增韧PP,且m(PP)/m(SEBS)/m(POE)=70/20/10时,具有协同增韧效应,冲击强度最高;此外,POE在PP/SEBS复配增韧中相当于相容剂,起到了"桥梁"作用。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...