Li2CO3掺杂BaTiO3无铅压电陶瓷的低温烧结

以Li2CO3作为烧结助剂,采用传统固相烧结法制备BaTiO3陶瓷。研究了烧结温度(1000~1150℃)和Li2CO3添加质量分数(0%~5%)对BaTiO3陶瓷结构和电学性能的影响。结果表明:Li2CO3的掺入有效地促进了陶瓷的烧结,使BaTiO3的烧结温度从1300℃以上降低到1050℃。X射线衍射结果表明:未掺Li2CO3的BaTiO3陶瓷样品为四方相结构,掺Li2CO3的BaTiO3陶瓷样品为正交相结构。Li2CO3掺量为1%的陶瓷样品具有较高的致密度,且在1050℃时获得最大值,其相对密度可达94%。当烧结温度为1100℃时,BaTiO3陶瓷的压电常数d33获得最大值,且d33随着Li2CO3掺量的增加而降低。其中Li2CO3掺量为1%时陶瓷具有较好的电性能:d33=200pC/N,εr=1322,TC=115℃。     

焙烧温度对Li2FeSiO4前驱体Li2SiO3性能的影响（英文）

以Li2CO3,HNO3,Si(OC2H5)4为原材料,采用溶胶-凝胶和高温焙烧法合成Li2SiO3;研究焙烧温度和回流系统对硅酸锂组分和性能的影响;利用TGA/DTA,XRD,SEM和粒径分析等手段对样品进行表征;采用Li2SiO3和Fe2C2O4.2H2O固相反应制备Li2FeSiO4。XRD结果表明,在溶胶-凝胶制备过程中使用回流系统能减少Li2SiO3样品中Li2SiO5和Li4SiO4杂质。焙烧结温度对Li2SiO3的性能有重要的作用,当温度为700℃时,Li2SiO3前驱体材料样品纯度为97%,并具有良好的形貌;它是由粒径为1～3μm的一次粒子组成,一次粒子束形成疏松、多孔的团聚体。     

FeAl/Al_2O_3复合阻氚涂层制备技术的研究进展

FeAl/Al_2O_3复合膜层是聚变堆氚增殖包层及辅助涉氚系统结构材料首选的阻氚涂层。其制备过程通常需要铝化和氧化2个步骤,铝化是Al原子与基体Fe原子通过相互扩散在基体表面形成铁铝固溶体(Fe,Al)或Fe-Al金属间化合物过渡层;氧化是使铝化涂层表面选择性氧化形成Al_2O_3膜。该阻氚涂层的制备可采用物理气相沉积(PVD)、化学气相沉积(CVD)、热浸铝化(HDA)、包埋渗铝(PC)、等离子体喷涂(PS)和电化学沉积(ECD)等技术。相对而言,CVD、HDA和PC等3种技术有较好的应用前景,有望成为聚变堆中FeAl/Al_2O_3阻氚涂层工程化制备的候选技术而ECD技术因其制备过程容易控制、涂层性能稳定、可涂镀复杂结构件等特点在FeAl/Al_2O_3阻氚涂层制备方面颇具吸引力。     

Ni2+掺杂对Li3V2（PO4）3电化学性能的影响

采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和电化学方法,研究Ni2+掺杂对正极材料Li3V2(PO4)3的结构、形貌和电化学性能的影响。结果表明:掺杂适量的Ni2+不会改变Li3V2(PO4)3的单斜晶系结构,但可提高材料的电导率,抑制电池在充放电过程的极化。在室温下,Li3(Ni0.05V0.95)2(PO4)3以0.1C倍率放电的初始比容量为115mA.h/g,放电倍率从0.1C增加到0.4C循环60次后,比容量衰减率仅为2.7%,而未掺杂原样Li3V2(PO4)3的初始比容量为129 mA.h/g,60次循环后比容量衰减率约为30.3%;当放电倍率增至1C时,80次循环后,Li3(Ni0.05V0.95)2(PO4)3比容量为99.8 mA.h/g,而原样的比容量为84.1 mA.h/g;当放电倍率增至5C时,循环120次后,Li3(Ni0.05V0.95)2(PO4)3比容量为67.7 mA.h/g,而原样的比容量降为0。循环伏安和交流阻抗测试表明,Li3(Ni0.05V0.95)2(PO4)3的可逆性明显优于Li3V2(PO4)3的可逆性。     

Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7（PO4）3基锂离子导电材料的制备与表征

采用以聚乙烯醇为聚合剂的湿化学法合成Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3(LATP)锂离子导电材料,以Li4P2O7(LP)为助烧剂制备LATP-xLP(x=0,0.01,0.03,0.05,摩尔分数)锂离子导电固体电解质材料。利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和交流阻抗技术分别对材料的相组成、微观组织和离子导电性进行表征。通过分析材料晶体结构和交流阻抗特性,对材料的导电机理进行研究。结果表明:LATP粉体和LATP-xLP陶瓷具有菱方晶系结构,空间群为R3-c,该晶体结构具有三维离子导电通道;添加LP助烧剂使陶瓷的烧结温度降低了150℃、电导率得到了提高。交流、直流导电特性测量得出LATP-0.03LP的离子导电性占总导电性的99.5%。     

锰掺杂对锂离子电池正极材料Li3V2（PO4）3/C性能的影响（英文）

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成Li3V2-2/3xMnx(PO4)3(0≤x≤0.12)。采用XRD、SEM、XPS、恒流充放电和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究Mn掺杂对Li3V2(PO4)3/C结构和电化学性能的影响。XRD研究表明:掺杂少量的Mn2+不会影响材料的结构,所有样品均具有单一相态的单斜结构(P21/n空间群)。XPS分析表明:在Li3V1.94Mn0.09(PO4)3/C中,V和Mn的化合价分别为+3和+2,原料中的柠檬酸在煅烧过程中分解成C而残留在Li3V1.94Mn0.09(PO4)3/C中。电化学测试表明:掺杂Mn改善了电极材料的循环性能和倍率性能,正极材料Li3V1.94Mn0.09(PO4)3/C表现出最好的循环稳定性和倍率性能。在40mA/g的放电电流密度下,循环100次后,Li3V1.94Mn0.09(PO4)3/C的放电容量从158.8mA·h/g衰减到120.5mA·h/g,容量保持率为75.9%,而未掺杂样品的放电容量从164.2mA·h/g衰减到72.6mA·h/g,容量保持率为44.2%。当放电电流密度增加到1C时,Li3V1.94Mn0.09(PO4)3/C的初始放电容量仍能达到146.4mA·h/g,循环100次后,放电容量保持为107.5mA·h/g。EIS测试表明,掺杂适量的Mn2+减小了电荷转移阻抗,这有利于Li+的脱嵌。     

Lu2O3/TiO2/Nb2O5共稳定ZrO2热障涂层材料研究

采用Lu2O3/TiO2/Nb2O5作为ZrO2热障涂层材料的稳定剂,研究Lu2O3/TiO2/Nb2O5共稳定ZrO2(15%LTNSZ)热障涂层材料在900℃、40 mol%V2O5+60 mol%Na2SO4熔盐中的热腐蚀行为。结果表明:8%YSZ热障涂层材料热腐蚀2 h后,t相ZrO2全部相变为m相ZrO2,热腐蚀产物为尺寸较大的YVO4晶体;15%LTNSZ热障涂层材料热腐蚀20 h后,m相ZrO2的比例仅为5.5%,热腐蚀产物为尺寸较小的LuVO4晶体。与Y2O3稳定剂相比,Lu2O3/TiO2/Nb2O5稳定剂使ZrO2在40 mol%V2O5+60 mol%Na2SO4熔盐中的抗热腐蚀性能提高1个量级以上。     

等离子熔凝Al2O3/GdAlO3共晶陶瓷的制备与组织

以77mol%Al2O3和23mol%Gd2O3的共晶配比混粉,以高温等离子为热源,加热粉体使其熔融,随后以空冷和水冷的不同冷却方式实现凝固,得到不同的冷凝试样。采用X射线衍射仪和场发射扫描电镜对试样的相组成和微观形貌进行表征。结果表明,采用不同冷却工艺制备的熔凝试样均具有部分连续的Al2O3/GdAlO3共晶组织,组织致密,相界面结合良好,没有气孔和杂质;与空冷试样相比,水淬试样组织得到细化,共晶间距达到0.2μm左右。     

介孔Li3V2（PO4）3正极材料的研磨溶胶凝胶法合成和电化学性能（英文）

以V2O5·nH2O、LiOH·H2O、NH4H2PO4和蔗糖为原料,采用研磨溶胶凝胶技术制备了无定形Li3V2(PO4)3前驱体,再经过焙烧获得具有单斜结构的介孔Li3V2(PO4)3正极材料,并用XRD、SEM、TEM、比表面积和电化学性能测试来表征材料的性能。研究表明,在700°C下焙烧的样品具有良好的介孔结构、最大的比表面积(188cm2/g)和最小的孔径(9.3nm)。在0.2C倍率下,该介孔样品的首次放电容量达155.9mA·h/g,经过50次循环后其容量仍然可达154mA·h/g,表现出非常稳定的放电性能。     

不同有机-水混合溶剂的Li3V2（PO4）3/C合成及其性能

以有机-水为混合溶剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备锂离子电池正极材料Li3V2(PO4)3/C。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、恒流充放电以及循环伏安(CV)测试等方法,研究产物的结构形貌及电化学性能。结果表明:溶剂对材料的晶型结构没有影响,对颗粒的形貌影响较大;以1,2-丙二醇-水为溶剂的样品呈薄片状和针状;在3.0～4.5 V电压范围内,Li3V2(PO4)3/C的0.1C首次放电比容量为132.89 mA.h/g,10C首次放电比容量达125.42 mA.h/g,循环700周后容量保持率为95.79%,具有良好的倍率性能与循环性能;而在3.0～4.8 V电压范围内倍率性能较差。     

Synthesis and performance of Li3V2(PO4)3/C composites as cathode materials

Carbon-coated Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries were prepared by a carbon-thermal reduction (CTR) method using sucrose as carbon source. The Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/C composite cathode materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical measurement. The results show that the Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ samples synthesized using sucrose as carbon source have the same monoclinic structure as the Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ sample synthesized using acetylene black as carbon source. SEM image exhibits that the particle size is about 1 μm together with homogenous distribution. Electrochemical test shows that the initial discharge capacity of Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ powders is 122 mAh·g⁻¹ at the rate of 0.2C, and the capacity retains 111 mAh−g⁻¹ after 50 cycles.     

Preparation and characteristic of spherical Li3V2(PO4)3

Spherical Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ was synthesized by using N₂H₄ as reducer. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that single-phase, spherical and well-dispersed Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ has been successfully synthesized in our experimental process. Electrochemical behaviors have been characterized by charge/discharge measurements. The initial discharge capacities of Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ were 123 mAh g⁻¹ in the voltage range of 3.0–4.3 V and 132 mAh g⁻¹ in the voltage range of 3.0–4.8 V.     

Multiwavelength excited novel red-emitting phosphor Eu-activated Li2Zn2(MoO4)3

Eu³⁺-activated Li₂Zn₂(MoO₄)₃ multiwavelength excited red-emitting phosphors were synthesized via a solid state reaction. The structure and photoluminescence characteristics were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction and fluorescent spectrophotometry, respectively. The excitation spectrum included a strong broadband ranging from 250 to 350 nm and some sharp peaks at 363, 384, 395, 465, and 533 nm, which matchs the radiations of near-UV or blue light-emitting diodes chip well. Upon excitation either of near-UV or blue even green light, the intense red emission with 615 nm peak can be observed, which is ascribed to the ⁵D₀-⁷F₂ transition of Eu³⁺ ions. The chromaticity coordinates (x = 0.65, y = 0.34) of the as-obtained phosphor is very close to the National Television Standard Committee standard values (x = 0.67, y = 0.33). All these characteristics suggest that Eu³⁺-doped Li₂Zn₂(MoO₄)₃ wavelength-conversion material to be suitable candidate red component for phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes.     

Low-temperature fabrication of high purity Ti3SiC2

In this study, we fabricated high purity Ti₃SiC₂ ceramic by mechanical alloying (MA) and spark plasma sintering (SPS), and investigated the effect of trace amount of Al on these processes. Our results show that addition of proper amount of Al significantly increases the purity of Ti₃SiC₂ in the MA and subsequent SPS products, and remarkably reduces the sintering temperature for Ti₃SiC₂. Ti₃SiC₂ sintered compact with a purity of 96.5 wt% was obtained by 10 h of MA and subsequent SPS from a starting mixture composed of n(Ti):n(Si):n(Al):n(c) = 3:1:0.2:2 at 850 °C. At 1100 °C, Ti₃SiC₂ with a purity of 99.3 wt% and a relative density of 98.9% was obtained.     

Coexistence of room temperature ferroelectricity and ferrimagnetism in multiferroic BiFeO3-Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 solid solution

The structure, ferroelectric and magnetic properties of (1 − x)BiFeO₃-xBi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃ (x = 0.37) solid solution fabricated by a sol-gel method have been investigated. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy measurements show a single-phase perovskite structure with no impurities identified. Compared with pure BiFeO₃, the coexistence of ferroelectricity and ferrimagnetism have been observed at room temperature for the solution with remnant polarization P_r = 1.41 μC/cm² and remnant magnetization M_r = 0.054 emu/g. Importantly, a magnetic transition from ferrimagnetic (FM) ordering to paramagnetic (PM) state is observed, with Curie temperature T_C ∼ 330 K, being explained in terms of the suppression of cycloid spin configuration by the structural distortion.     

Thermodynamics and phase diagrams in the binary systems Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-GeO2, Na2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3, CaO-B2O3, SrO-B2O3, and BaO-B2O3

We applied our model to the enthalpy of mixing data of the binary systems Na₂O-SiO₂, Na₂O-GeO₂, Na₂O-B₂O₃, Li₂O-B₂O₃, CaO-B₂O₃, SrO-B₂O₃, and BaO-B₂O₃. The most stable composition in the liquid, that is where the enthalpy of mixing is most negative, is with a metal-oxygen ratio of 4 to 3, for monovalent metals (Na and Li) and 3 to 4 for divalent metals (Ba and Ca) in liquid silicates or borates. The same applies to the CaO-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃, PbO-B₂O₃, PbO-SiO₂, ZnO-B₂O₃, and ZnO-SiO₂ systems. The oxygen to metal ratio, its constant value in various types of systems, reflects and describes the structure of the liquid. Using the analyzed enthalpies of mixing data and the available phase diagrams, we calculated the enthalpies of formation of the various binary compounds. The results are in excellent agreement with data in the literature that were obtained from direct solid-solid calorimetry.     

Sinterability and dielectric properties of Ba0.55Sr0.4Ca0.05TiO3-CaTiSiO5-Mg2TiO4 composite ceramics

The composite ceramics of Ba_0.55Sr_0.4Ca_0.05TiO₃-CaTiSiO₅-Mg₂TiO₄ (BSCT-CTS-MT) were prepared by the conventional solid-state route. The sintering performance, phase structures, morphologies, and dielectric properties of the composite ceramics were investigated. The BSCT-CTS-MT ceramics were sintered at 1100 °C and possessed dense microstructure. The dielectric constant was tailored from 1196 to 141 as the amount of Mg₂TiO₄ increased from 0 to 50 wt%. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of 40 wt% Ba_0.55Sr_0.4Ca_0.05TiO₃-10 wt% CaTiSiO₅-50 wt% Mg₂TiO₄ was 141 and 0.0020, respectively, and the tunability was 8.64% under a DC electric field of 8.0 kV/cm. The Curie peaks were broadened and depressed after the addition of CaTiSiO₅. The optimistic dielectric properties made it a promising candidate for the application of tunable capacitors and phase shifters.     

Magnetic properties of Al2O3-Cr2O3 solid solutions

Solid solution ceramics (Al₂O₃)_x(Cr₂O₃)_1−x with different x in the range of 0 < x < 1 were synthesized via traditional ceramic production method. X-ray diffraction results and Rietveld refinements indicated that all samples possessed rhomb-centered structure and continuous solid solutions were synthesized. The samples were composed of irregular grains with several micrometers in diameter. Temperature dependence of magnetization measurements showed monotonous decreasing Néel temperature with increasing x and percolation effect happened with threshold of x = 0.65. As x became higher, weak ferromagnetism was observed in the samples. Field dependence of magnetization measurements further confirmed the weak ferromagnetism in the samples with x = 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9.     

含锂盐阳极中Li2CO3在铝电解温度下的存在形式

通过对烧结后含锂盐炭阳极糊的红外光谱、X射线衍射和热分析研究表明，在铝电解的温度和条件下，炭阳极中的Li