搅拌摩擦加工制备铝基复合材料组织性能研究

采用搅拌摩擦加工法制备铝基SiC复合层,研究不同加工道次下SiC颗粒在复合层中的分布形态,并对复合层的组织形貌和显微硬度进行分析。结果表明:加工次数的增加,有利于复合层中SiC颗粒的均匀分布,经4道次搅拌摩擦加工后复合层中SiC颗粒分布均匀,基体金属组织中粗大Si相和枝晶完全消失,组织被明显细化。增强相SiC颗粒的加入使复合层显微硬度得到提高,4道次加工后搅拌摩擦中心区显微硬度最高值为71 HV,较基体金属(45HV)提高了26 HV,搅拌摩擦区的显微硬度平均值为68HV,为基体金属显微硬度(45HV)的1.5倍。     

基于TOPSIS和改进NSGA-Ⅱ法的搅拌摩擦工艺制备B_4C/A356复合材料显微组织和力学性能的混合多目标优化（英文）

采用搅拌摩擦工艺以A356合金为基体金属制备B_4C/A356复合材料。利用人工神经网络(ANN)和非支配排序遗传算法-Ⅱ研究复合材料的显微组织和力学性能。首先,研究不同加工条件下制得的复合材料的显微组织。结果表明,搅拌摩擦工艺参数如搅拌头的旋转速度、横向移动速度和形状显著影响基体中初始Si颗粒的尺寸、复合材料层中B_4C增强剂的分散效果及体积分数。采用高旋转/移动速度比和螺纹销形状搅拌头能获得较好的颗粒分布、较细的Si颗粒和较少的B_4C团聚体。其次,通过硬度和拉伸试验研究复合材料的力学性能。结果显示,经搅拌摩擦工艺处理后样品的断裂机理由脆性断裂转变为延性断裂。最后,利用人工神经网络技术建立了搅拌摩擦工艺参数与复合材料显微组织和力学性能的关系。采用结合多样性保护机制的NSGA-Ⅱ法,即ε消除算法得到搅拌摩擦工艺参数的Pareto最优解集。     

搅拌摩擦加工制备铝硅合金组织和性能研究

通过在1050铝板中添加硅颗粒,采用搅拌摩擦加工的方法制备了铝硅合金。采用的旋转速度为950 r/min,进给速度为47.5 mm/min,搅拌道次为4道次和6道次。结果表明,通过多道次的搅拌摩擦加工,硅颗粒均匀分布在微观组织中。与母材相比,试样搅拌区的硬度和抗拉强度得到了极大提高。细小圆润的硅颗粒的均匀分布是性能提高的主要原因。     

搅拌铸造法制备SiCp／A356铝基复合材料的研究

利用搅拌铸造技术制备SiCp/A356铝基复合材料.通过金相观察(OM),扫描电镜(SEM)及力学性能测试对所制备的颗粒增强铝基复合材料的显微组织和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明,SiC增强颗粒较均匀地分布于基体中,SiC/Al界面处存在明显的Si溶质偏聚,复合材料的孔隙率为4.2%;与基体合金相比,SiC颗粒的加入提高了复合材料的硬度和屈服强度,抗拉强度及延伸率略有下降;断口分析表明,搅拌铸造SiCp/A356铝基复合材料主要的断裂机制为SiC/Al界面脱粘及基体合金的脆性断裂.     

搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数对铸态A356铝合金抗拉强度的影响(英文)

A356是一种高强度铝硅铸造态合金,广泛用于食品、化工、船舶、电器和汽车行业。熔焊这种铸造合金时存在许多问题,如孔隙、微裂隙、热裂等。然而,用搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)来焊接这种铸造态合金可以避免上述缺陷发生。研究了搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数对铸造态A356铝合金抗拉强度的影响;对旋转速度、焊接速度和轴向力等工艺参数进行优化;从宏观和微观组织分析角度对焊接区的质量进行分析;对焊接接头的抗拉强度进行了测定,并对抗拉强度与焊缝区硬度和显微组织的相关性进行了研究。在旋转速度1000r/min、焊接速度75mm/min和轴向力5kN的条件下得到的焊接接头具有最高的抗拉强度。     

含钪A356铝合金半固态浆料的制备及组织分析

采用近液相线浇注法,通过在A356铝合金中加入Al-Sc中间合金得到了含Sc的A356铝合金半固态浆料。研究了Sc含量、保温时间以及浇注温度对A356铝合金半固态组织的影响;探索了Sc含量对共晶Si相形貌的影响。研究结果表明,A356铝合金加入0.2%的Sc在625℃保温10 min可制备具有近球状、细小、均匀颗粒的半固态浆料;随着Sc含量的增加,共晶Si的形貌由板条状逐步转变为纤维状,分析认为这与Sc在Si晶粒中诱发的孪晶有关。Sc和Al的共晶化合物Al3Sc在基体组织中弥散分布,促进了A356半固态组织的细化。     

2024铝合金匙孔搅拌摩擦修补工艺研究

搅拌摩擦焊接头尾部存在一个匙孔,导致搅拌摩擦焊在很多工程应用中受限。为此,采用搅拌摩擦修补方法对2024铝合金接头处的匙孔进行了修补,研究了旋转速度对修补试样宏观成形、微观结构和拉剪性能的影响。结果表明,采用600 r/min旋转速度修补时,试样表面形成了较深的螺旋槽,搅拌区尺寸较小,铝棒与铝基体接触界面出现局部未焊合现象,试样搅拌区组织主要为等轴晶晶粒,晶粒尺寸最大,拉剪性能最差。这是由于旋转速度较低,修补时的热输入量低所致。随着旋转速度提高至950 r/min时,由于热输入量显著增大,试样表面成形光滑,搅拌区尺寸明显增大,铝棒与铝基体接触界面形成完全的冶金结合。此外,搅拌区内等轴晶尺寸最小,试样拉剪性能最优,拉剪力高达8.86kN,断口表现出明显的韧性断裂。但是,继续提高旋转速度至1500 r/min时,反而不利于铝合金匙孔的修补。     

基体中Si含量对Al-Si/SiCP复合材料界面结合的影响

采用扫描电镜对SiC颗粒增强Al-7%Si(质量分数,下同)、Al-12%Si和Al-22%Si三种铝基复合材料中基体/SiC的界面结合状况进行了研究,结果表明:尽管基体合金中的Si含量不同,但复合材料的基体/SiC界面都有Si相小颗粒析出;在w(Si)=12%的共晶Al-Si合金为基体的复合材料中,SiC颗粒周围Si相小颗粒数量最多.Si相存在于SiC颗粒与铝合金基体之间,一边与基体相连,另一边与SiC增强体相连,起到了"连接桥"的作用,改善了复合材料的界面结合质量.     

特殊对接形式下SiC_P/Al复合材料与铝合金搅拌摩擦焊的组织与力学性能

采用搅拌摩擦焊,对特殊对接形式下比分为55%(体积分数)的Si CP/Al复合材料与2024铝合金进行了异种材料焊接,研究了焊缝的组织特征及力学性能特点.结果表明,轴肩影响区的前进侧存在大量细小的Si C颗粒,其分布呈带状;WNZ1的组织沿焊缝厚度方向上存在变化;WNZ2下部被Si C颗粒包围的铝合金晶粒尺寸有长大趋势;结合线处搅拌工具脱落颗粒会影响材料的结合.在旋转速度为750 r/min时,获得了较高的焊缝强度,为复合材料母材强度的83.1%,接头的断裂机制为复合材料基体自身的断裂及其与Si C颗粒的脱粘.     

搅拌工艺对SiCp/A356复合材料中SiC颗粒分布及性能的影响

采用不同的半固态搅拌工艺(变化搅拌速度和搅拌时间),制备了SiC颗粒增强A356复合材料。利用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和磨损试验机研究了搅拌工艺参数对复合材料中SiC颗粒的分布、孔隙率以及磨损量的影响。结果表明,在搅拌速度550 r/min、搅拌时间30 min下,制备的SiCp/A356复合材料SiC颗粒分布均匀,孔隙率相对较低,耐磨性好。     

C18000铜合金搅拌摩擦焊接头微观组织与性能

对3.5 mm厚的C18000铜合金板进行搅拌摩擦焊焊接试验. 在焊接速度120 mm/min,转速1 200 r/min工艺下获得无缺陷焊接接头. 在金相显微镜下对接头的宏观形貌、微观组织进行观察,用扫描电镜和透射电镜对母材和搅拌区组织进行观察分析. 结果表明,接头区大致分为母材区、热影响区、热力影响区和搅拌区,搅拌区晶粒细小均匀,热力影响区晶粒沿边界切线方向被拉长;搅拌区Cr₃Si相部分溶解,搅拌区组织中的Cr单质相和Ni₂Si相溶解导致接头硬度和抗拉强度下降. 搅拌区平均硬度为151.4 HV;接头抗拉强度为497 MPa,达到母材的72%;接头电导率下降为35%IACS.     

Effect of SiC particles on microstructure and mechanical property of friction stir processed AA6061-T4

Friction stir processing of AA6061-T4 alloy with SiC particles was successfully carried out.SiC particles were uniformly dispersed into an AA6061-T4 matrix.Also SiC particles promoted the grain refinement of the AA6061-T4 matrix by FSP.The mean grain size of the stir zone (SZ) with the SiC particles was obviously smaller than that of the stir zone without the SiC particles.The microhardness of the SZ with the SiC particles reached about HV80 due to the grain refinement and the distribution of the SiC particles.     

ZL114A铸铝搅拌摩擦焊接头性能

研究了采用不同焊接参数时ZL114A铸铝搅拌摩擦焊接头的金相组织、硬度分布及力学性能。结果表明，ZL114A铸铝的搅拌摩擦焊焊接性良好。焊核区的微观组织是无方向性的、细小的等轴晶粒。细化的硅粒子均匀布满整个焊核区。与粗大的树枝状母材相比，焊核晶粒细小、均匀而致密，没有观察到气孔等缺陷。焊缝区硬度分布较母材稳定，变化范围小。随着焊速增加，硅粒子所占体积比逐渐下降。热一机械影响区晶粒被拉长。接头的力学性能与焊接参数的匹配有关系。采用高焊速及转速与焊速比在3左右，获得的接头抗拉强度可达到母材的91％。焊后经T6热处理，可与同炉热处理母材等强。     

Microstructural modification and mechanical property improvement in friction stir zone of thixo-molded AE42 Mg alloy

Thixo-molded AE42 Mg alloy was friction stir welded, and the soundness of joints was evaluated, together with the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties in friction stir zones. According to X-ray radiography, the optimum FSW condition range of AE42 alloy exists between AZ61 and AZ31 alloys, and it seems that the optimum welding condition range increases with decreasing Al content in the Mg alloys. There are mainly two kinds of compounds in the thixo-molded AE42 alloy, and FSW has little influence on the grainy Al₁₀RE₂Mn₇ compound, but it has great influence on Al₁₁RE₃ phase, which is changed from lamellar eutectic to small particles after welding. Furthermore, the average diameter of Al₁₁RE₃ particles in SZ decreases with increasing the traveling speed at constant rotation speed due to less heat input. The hardness in SZ is higher than that in BM, and tensile strength and elongation are both improved after welding because the stirring refines and uniforms the microstructure and intermetallic compounds.     

异种搅拌摩擦焊制备铜铝合金双金属纳米复合材料

对纯铜与AA5754合金进行对接搅拌摩擦焊接.为了降低金属间化合物的有害影响,在搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)接头中添加纳米SiC强化颗粒.采用拉伸试验、显微硬度试验、扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析方法研究焊接接头的性能.结果显示,当焊接速度为50 mm/min、转速为1000 r/min时接头的性能最好.纳米SiC颗粒的存在使搅拌区...     

Effect of welding speed on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al−Mg−Mn−Zr−Tialloy sheet during friction stir welding

Effects of welding speed on the microstructure evolution in the stir zone (SZ) and mechanical properties of the friction stir welding (FSW) joints were studied by OM, XRD, SEM, TEM, EBSD and tensile testing. Compared with the base metal (BM), an obviously fine dynamic recrystallization (DRX) microstructure occurs in the SZ and the DRX grain size decreases from 5.6 to 4.4 μm with the increasing of welding speed. Fine DRX microstructure is mainly achieved by continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) mechanism, strain induced boundary migration (SIBM) mechanism and particle stimulated nucleation (PSN) mechanism. Meanwhile, the geometric coalescence and the Burke−Turnbull mechanism are the main DRX grain growth mechanisms. Among all the welding speeds, the joint welded at rotation speed of 1500 r/min and welding speed of 75 mm/min has the greatest tensile properties, i.e. ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of (509±2) MPa, yield strength (YS) of (282±4) MPa, elongation (El) of (23±1)%, and the joint efficiency of 73%.     

Lapped friction stir welding between ductile cast irons and stainless steels

This study investigated the influence of preheating temperature and welding speed on the microstructure of dissimilar lapped friction stir welding (FSW) of ductile cast iron FCD450 and 304 stainless steel. The stainless steel was placed on FCD450, and then FSW was carried out at a tool rotational speed of 200, 400, and 600 rpm and welding speed between 1 and 10 mm/s. Preheating was conducted at 573 and 773 K. Martensitic structure was formed in HAZ of FCD450 without the preheating, while the preheating resulted in the formation of a pearlite structure. Even when the preheating was employed, however, stir zone (SZ) of FCD450 had the chill structure at a lower welding speed, because the SZ temperature exceeded the eutectic temperature. Formation of the chill structure in the SZ could be prevented at a higher welding speed. This study showed that FSW would be available as a dissimilar welding method between ductile cast iron and stainless steel.     

Wear Performance of A356 Matrix Composites Reinforced with Different Types of Reinforcing Particles

To improve the wear resistance of Al-Si alloys, different types of reinforcing particles such as SiC, TiC, ZrO₂, and B₄C were used to produce matrix composites by friction stir processing (FSP). First, microstructural properties of different locations of stir zone (SZ) in the FSPed specimens such as advancing side, retreating side, shoulder-affected area, and pin-affected area were investigated. The results demonstrate that Si particles size is not the same in different SZ subdomains. SEM investigation was performed in order to investigate the particles distribution in different areas of the SZ as well as bonding quality between particles and metal matrix. Hardness and wear tests were carried out to determine mechanical and wear properties of the composites. The pin-on-disk wear tests were performed at room temperature, with the normal applied loads of 5, 10, and 20 N and sliding speed of 1 and 2 m/s. All fabricated composites show higher resistance in wear than A356 alloy. Wear test results show, by increasing the normal load and sliding velocity, the wear loss weight of all composites increased gradually.     

Fabrication of SiC_p/AA5083 composite via friction stir welding

Microstructure and mechanical properties of SiCp /AA5083 composite fabricated by friction stir welding (FSW) were investigated.The influence of the number of FSW passes on the distribution of SiC particles and mechanical properties in the joint was studied.After one pass,the SiC particles were entangled in the upper side of the stir zone (SZ).However,the particle distribution became more uniform after two passes due to the repeated stirring of the joint.As the SiC particles facilitate the grain refinement in the SZ by the pinning effect,the particle including region has much smaller grain size than the SZ without SiC particles.The SiCp /AA5083 composite region exhibits a Vickers hardness of HV90,which is much higher than the value of HV80 in the SZ produced by FSW without SiC particles.     

Ti/Al异种合金搅拌摩擦焊搭接接头的界面特性(英文)

采用搅拌摩擦焊实现TC1钛合金和LF6铝合金异种材料的搭接连接,并对界面特性进行研究。采用所选取的工艺参数均能获得良好的表面成形,但每一种工艺参数下的界面形貌不同。随着焊接速度的增加或搅拌头转速的降低,被搅拌针搅入焊核区的钛合金粒子的数量减少,而且搭接接头的抗拉载荷也随着焊接速度的提高而降低。当焊接速度为60mm/min、搅拌头旋转速度为1500r/min时,接头的抗拉载荷达到最大值,此时的界面区可以分成三层。搭接接头的显微硬度分布不均匀,焊核中心区的显微硬度值最大,高达HV502。