不同应变率下干、湿岩石的强度特性（英文）

水和加载条件对岩石材料的强度有很大的影响,但高应变率下饱水岩石的动态特性研究仍十分缺乏。通过对干燥和饱水砂岩进行压缩试验,发现:干燥和饱水砂岩的动态压缩强度都随着应变率的增加而增大,且饱水岩石表现出更强的率相关性。引入干燥岩石强度与饱水岩石强度的比值(水影响因子WAF)来描述不同应变率下水对岩石压缩强度的影响。在静态压缩条件下WAF约为1.38,随着应变率的增加WAF不断减小。当应变率达到190 s~(-1)时,WAF减小至0.98,表明高应力率时饱水岩石的压缩强度可以大于干燥岩石的压缩强度。进而,基于滑移裂纹模型,讨论了水和应变率对岩石特性的双重影响,为实验结果提供了较好解释。     

连续矫直条件下Q235钢热变形行为的实验研究

在连续矫直过程中，铸坯温度高，坯壳处于高温、低应变和低应变速率的状态。以Q235钢为例，在Gleeble3500型热／力模拟试验机上进行了普碳钢在连续矫直工艺条件下的高温流变曲线的测定．高温蠕变、应力松弛等实验，并通过金相组织观察了该材料热变形的组织特性。实验结果表明，在实验条件下，高温流变曲线为动态再结晶型，并且蠕变及应力松弛的速度都很快。在连铸生产中充分利用这些特性．对提高连铸坯的质量以及产量都有着很重要的意义。     

三门峡铝土矿砂岩流变模型的综合辨识方法(英文)

通过对三门峡铝土矿砂岩进行单轴压缩蠕变实验,获取该类岩石的蠕变实验曲线。通过分析蠕变曲线各应变分量特征,将蠕变总应变细分为瞬时弹性应变ε_(me)、瞬时塑性应变ε_(mp)、黏弹性应变ε_(ce)、黏塑性应变ε_(cp)。根据瞬时塑性应变数据特征,引入新的瞬时塑性原件,定义瞬时塑性模量,建立改进的伯格斯(Burgers)流变模型,完成模型的直接筛选法辨识。根据模型元件力学性质,推导模型在不同应力等级下的一维和三维蠕变方程。采用最小二乘法辨识一维模型各参数,迭代时采用高斯-牛顿法计算,最后拟合实验曲线,验证直接法模型建立的正确性,完成模型后验排除法检验。研究表明,改进的伯格斯模型较好地描述了砂岩流变特征,实现砂岩流变曲线的微观分析,此外,也验证了流变模型综合辨识方法的正确性。     

水环境下深部硬岩的黏弹塑性(英文)

采用分级增量循环加卸载方式,对金川有色金属公司二矿区深部斜长角闪岩进行干燥与水环境下的流变实验,分析流变实验数据,研究各级应力水平下斜长角闪岩两种试样的黏弹塑性。结果表明:水对岩石的瞬时弹模及黏塑特性的影响不大,对岩石黏弹性影响显著。分析水对岩石黏弹塑性影响的原因。根据试样的实验破坏前特点,选用广义开尔文模型描述斜长角闪岩流变特性,求得两种试样的岩石流变模型参数。模型参数分析发现:水对参数E1影响明显,而对参数E2影响不大;黏滞系数的离散性大,水对其影响不明确。     

热处理砂岩在干燥和饱水条件下的动态拉伸强度与破坏机理（英文）

为了研究不同加载速率下具有水热耦合损伤岩石的拉伸强度和破坏机理,在干燥和饱水条件下,对热处理砂岩进行一系列静态和动态劈裂试验。实验结果表明,高温有效地削弱砂岩试件的抗拉强度,P波速度随温度的升高而降低。总体而言,岩石热损伤随温度的升高而逐渐增大,但在100°C时出现明显的负损伤。饱水砂岩试样的间接抗拉强度低于干燥砂岩的,说明水-岩相互作用导致热处理岩石产生二次损伤。砂岩在干燥和饱水条件下的动态拉伸强度均随应变率的增大而增大。饱水砂岩比干燥砂岩表现出较强的加载率依赖性,但岩石的加载速率敏感性随热处理温度的升高而降低。利用扫描电子显微镜技术,对极端温度引起的岩石热破裂进行分析,进一步探讨热处理后砂岩在不同加载速率条件下的水物理机制。     

高强度钢B1500HS高温条件下本构方程及其流变行为

利用Zwick高温材料试验机在温度700℃~900℃,应变速率0.1s~(-1)~10s~(-1)条件下,对厚2mm的高强度钢B1500HS进行力学性能试验,获得真应力-应变曲线。通过研究高温条件下高强度钢B1500HS的流变行为,建立包含温度、应变速率以及应变的参数化流动应力模型,利用模型绘制出应力-应变曲线。将不同温度、应变速率下的试验拟合曲线与模型曲线进行比较,两者具有较好的一致性,从而验证了本构模型的可行性。     

7475铝合金网格筋条壁板蠕变成形的试验和数值模拟

在热压罐条件下进行了7475铝合金单曲率网格筋条壁板的蠕变成形试验,使用三坐标测量法获得了成形壁板在不同横截面上的曲率半径,并对壁板蠕变成形后的回弹分布规律进行了分析.之后通过蠕变拉伸试验,得到了材料在成形试验条件下的蠕变本构模型参数,通过用户子程序补充到ABAQUS有限元模型中,并模拟分析了该壁板在真空热压加载-蠕变-卸载过程中的应力应变规律,模型对壁板回弹量的预测与试验结果吻合良好,误差小于4％.     

超高强度钢板热流变行为试验研究及本构模型仿真分析

为研究超高强度钢板在高温下的热流变行为,以硼钢22MnB5为研究对象,利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机,在600～ 900℃温度区间,分别以0.01,0.1和ls-1的应变速率对样件进行等温拉伸试验,得到不同条件下的应力-应变关系曲线,试验表明,温度、应变速率、应变量对流变应力的影响存在相互作用.采用拟合多项式系数的方法拟合不同因素对流变应力的影响,建立硼钢22MnB5高温下的热流变行为的本构模型,计算结果与试验结果很好地吻合,验证了建立的本构关系模型能较为准确地预测不同条件下的应力-应变关系.     

21CrMo10钢高温塑性变形性能

研究21CrMo10钢的塑性变形性能,对制造热作模具具有重要的意义。文章利用Gleeble 1500D热力模拟机,在不同的温度和变形速率条件下对21CrMo10钢进行试验,测得了P91不同变形条件下的真实应力-真实应变曲线。试验曲线表明,21CrMo10钢在变形的过程中存在着动态再结晶;而且,随着温度的升高或应变速率的降低,其流变应力下降。对比试验得出的变形曲线认为,FORGE 2005材料库的变形曲线由于未考虑到动态结晶过程,不符合实际。对各种变形条件下的峰值流变应力进行分析得出,流变应力基于Zener-Holloman参数存在函数关系。     

X70管线钢显微组织对室温蠕变性能的影响

研究不同显微组织的X70管线钢的室温蠕变现象和室温蠕变对常温拉伸性能的影响.结果表明,在各种保载应力水平下,不同显微组织的X70管线钢都存在室温蠕变现象.当保载应力高于屈服强度时,室温蠕变变形更加明显.在保载应力与屈服强度之比相同的情况下,不同热处理状态的X70管线钢的室温蠕变量差别不大.同时发现当保载应力高于屈服强度时,室温蠕变后材料屈服点的流变应力显著提高.     

一种具有极高屈强比的高强钢的室温蠕变特性

利用MTS万能试验机研究了屈强比为99.7%的高强钢在不同加载应力条件下的室温蠕变行为,并对不同蠕变条件下的组织演变特征进行了分析。结果表明:在低于屈服强度的应力作用下,试验钢表现出明显的室温蠕变,且蠕变曲线呈现出以稳态阶段为主的双阶段室温蠕变特征。从蠕变曲线的拟合结果可知,曲线符合对数规律,并且蠕变速率随着蠕变时间的增加逐渐降低,其可相差两个数量级。在不同的室温蠕变条件下,该高强钢在室温蠕变过程中组织变化不明显,晶粒都以细小晶粒为主,多数为5 μm以下,且晶界都是以15°以下的小角晶界为主,而大角晶界多集中于50°~60°。     

加载速率和峰值载荷对DD407镍基单晶高温合金纳米压痕蠕变行为的影响

在加载速率500～6000 uN/s和峰值载荷4000～12000 uN的条件下进行纳米压痕蠕变实验,研究DD407镍基单晶高温合金在室温下的蠕变行为.结果表明:DD407镍基单晶高温合金具有良好的蠕变抗力性能,但其蠕变性能对加载速率和峰值载荷敏感.依据Findley模型,得到拟合的蠕变参数随着加载速率和峰值载荷的增加...     

Integrated identification method of rheological model of sandstone in Sanmenxia bauxite

Based on the uniaxial compression creep experiments conducted on bauxite sandstone obtained from Sanmenxia, typical creep experiment curves were obtained. From the characteristics of strain component of creep curves, the creep strain is composed of instantaneous elastic strain, ?_me, instantaneous plastic strain, ?_mp, viscoelastic strain, ?_ce, and viscoplastic strain, ?_cp. Based on the characteristics of instantaneous plastic strain, a new element of instantaneous plastic rheology was introduced, instantaneous plastic modulus was defined, and the modified Burgers model was established. Then identification of direct screening method in this model was completed. According to the mechanical properties of rheological elements, one- and three-dimensional creep equations in different stress levels were obtained. One-dimensional model parameters were identified by the method of least squares, and in the process of computation, Gauss-Newton iteration method was applied. Finally, by fitting the experimental curves, the correctness of direct method model was verified, then the examination of posterior exclusive method of the model was accomplished. The results showed that in the improved Burgers models, the rheological characteristics of sandstone are embodied properly, microscopic analysis of creep curves is also achieved, and the correctness of comprehensive identification method of rheological model is verified.     

Impression Creep Behavior of 316LN Stainless Steel

Impression creep tests have been carried out at 923 K on 316LN SS containing 0.07, 0.14, and 0.22 wt.% nitrogen, under different applied stress levels. It was observed that the impression creep depth versus time curves were similar to the creep curves obtained from conventional uniaxial creep tests. The impression creep curves were characterized by a loading strain and primary and secondary creep stages similar to uniaxial creep curves. The tertiary stage observed in uniaxial creep curves was absent. The steady-state impression velocity was found to increase with increasing applied stress. The equivalent steady-state creep rates calculated from impression velocities were found to be in good agreement with the steady-state creep rates obtained from conventional uniaxial creep tests. Equivalence between applied stress and steady-state impression velocity with uniaxial creep stress and steady-state creep rate, respectively, has been established based on the laws of mechanics for time-dependent plasticity. It was found that impression velocity was sensitive to the variation in nitrogen content in the steel; impression velocity decreased with increasing nitrogen content, and the results obtained in this study were in agreement with those obtained from uniaxial creep tests.     

不同体积无铅微尺度焊点的蠕变力学性能

采用基于动态力学分析仪的精密蠕变试验方法,对比研究了5.34×107 μm3与7.07×106 μm3两种体积相差近一个数量级的无铅Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu微尺度焊点的高温蠕变力学行为与蠕变性能.结果表明,所有微尺度焊点的蠕变曲线均呈现初始蠕变、稳态蠕变和加速蠕变阶段.虽然微尺度焊点的体积存在较大差异,但是它们的蠕变激活能与蠕变应力指数均非常接近.此外,在相同的试验温度与拉伸应力作用下,大体积微尺度焊点的稳态蠕变速率相对小体积焊点更大,而蠕变寿命则呈现完全相反的趋势.     

Rheologic behaviors of A356 aluminum alloy billet produced by semisolid continuous casting process

The experiments for rheologic behaviors of semisolid continuous casting billets of A356 alloy in semisolid state had been carried out with a multifunctional rheometer. The results show that the deformation rate increases with loading time, the maximum strain reaches to 120％ (which is one time larger than that of traditional mold casting billet) and the strain can be rapidly eliminated to 10％ after unloading. Moreover, there is a critic stress for billet deformation even in semisolid state, which is named as critic shear stress. This stress increases with the decreasing of heating time. The theologic behaviors can be expressed by five elements mechanical model (H_2- [N_1|H_2]-[N_2|S]) and can be modified with the increasing of heating time.     

Experimental investigation of plastic deformation of stainless steel for cyclic loading at low temperature

Cyclic plastic deformation of stainless steel SUS 304 is experimentally investigated at low temperature of liquid nitrogen (77 K) under various cyclic loading conditions Thin walled tubular specimens are subjected to cyclic loading under constant strain ranges. At low temperature, the material shows remarkable hardening by cyclic loading comparing with cyclic loading at room temperature. The hysteresis curves of stress-strain relations by cyclic loading are saturated by increasing the cycle numbers. The saturation tendency depends on loading direction. The saturated stress values are related with cumulative plastic strain of cyclic loading. The prestraining is given at 77 K by axial and torsional loadings, and subsequent cyclic loading under constant strain range is conducted at 77 K. The cyclic stress-strain curves are saturated by increasing cyclic numbers. At small cyclic numbers, cyclic plastic deformation depends on the prestrain direction. The directional effect of pre-strain on cyclic loading becomes small with increasing number of cycles.     

Constitutive model of rock under static-dynamic coupling loading and experimental investigation

1 Introduction Rock fragmentation, boring, explosive, rockburst etc in engineering domain of mineral are almost concerned with cracking of rock experiencing dynamic loading, and a plenty of results have been obtained[1]. But the related studies are almos…     

基于内时理论的软岩流变本构模型

从内时理论出发，通过在内蕴时间中引入牛顿时间，在Helmholtz自由能中引入损伤变量，对它们分别进行重新构造，利用连续介质不可逆热力学的基本原理推导了软岩的内时流变本构方程。然后，对该方程在单轴应力条件下进行了求解、分析与试验验证。结果表明：该方程能有效地描述软岩蠕变过程中衰减蠕变、稳定蠕变和加速蠕变等三个阶段的力学特性；当损伤尚未发生或未明显出现时，该方程能用来描述软岩蠕变第一、二阶段的特性及松弛特性，当损伤开始发生或出现时，该方程描述的是蠕变第三阶段的特性；造成软岩蠕变加速阶段出现的原因是损伤起始于或明显显现于蠕变第二阶段之末。     

核电用316H不锈钢的蠕变性能评估

通过对核电用316H不锈钢的蠕变数据分析,利用速率温度参数模型拟合得出材料蠕变本构方程.根据相关统计检验方法,确定了材料的蠕变可靠度函数.结合Z'参数的数据分布,分别得出316H不锈钢蠕变应力-RTP参数-可靠度曲线和温度-容许应力-可靠度曲线.结合ASME的评价规范,确定了316H不锈钢在550?700℃下的容许应力...