D0_(19)-Ti_3Al中点缺陷浓度与相互作用的第一性原理研究

采用Wagner-Schottky点缺陷热力学模型和第一性原理平面波赝势方法,计算研究了D019-Ti3Al金属间化合物中空位和反位2种类型点缺陷的形成焓、平衡浓度及相互作用。结果表明,这些缺陷的平衡浓度均随温度升高而增大,反位缺陷浓度均高于空位缺陷,Ti原子空位的浓度高于Al原子空位。在理想化学计量比成分下,Ti原子反位与Al原子反位缺陷浓度基本相当;在略偏离计量比的富Ti成分端,Ti原子的反位缺陷浓度高于Al原子;在富Al成分端则情形相反。计算结果表明,3种点缺陷对(Al_(Ti)-Ti_(Al)、Ti_(Al)-Ti_(Al)、V_(Al)-Al_(Ti))在基体中具有较强的聚集趋势,而其它类型的点缺陷对则有向基体扩散的趋势。     

金属间化合物L1_0-TiAl点缺陷浓度的第一原理

采用第一原理平面波赝势方法,结合Wagner-Schottky缺陷热力学模型,研究金属间化合物L10-TiAl中各种空位和反位点缺陷的形成焓、热力学平衡浓度及其相互作用等。结果表明:这些缺陷的热力学平衡浓度均随温度的升高而增大,其中反位缺陷浓度均高于空位缺陷浓度,Ti空位浓度高于Al空位浓度。在理想化学计量比成分下,Ti反位缺陷的浓度与Al反位缺陷的基本相当;在略偏离计量比的富Ti成分端,Ti反位缺陷的浓度高于Al反位缺陷的;在富Al成分端则相反。不同点缺陷之间均普遍存在相互排斥性,难以聚集,将倾向于向基体中分散和扩散。     

基于Miedema模型Al3X(Sc, Er, Zr, Li)点缺陷形成焓的计算

运用Miedema模型研究了Al3X(Sc,Er,Zr,Li)金属间化合物的形成焓,并结合点缺陷形成理论计算了Al3X空位和反位缺陷的形成焓。结果表明Al-Sc和Al-Er系形成焓较为接近,说明Sc和Er在Al中性质相近。Al-X(Sc,Er,Li)二元化合物中X原子的空位形成焓高于Al原子的空位形成焓,表明Al-X系二元化合物更易形成Al空位。Al3Er反位缺陷形成焓最大,Al3Zr和Al3Sc居中,Al3Li最小。Al3Sc、Al3Er和Al3Zr易于出现空位和反位两类缺陷共存的情形,而Al3Li反位缺陷形成焓明显小于空位形成焓,因而更易形成反位缺陷。     

B2-RuAl点缺陷结构的第一原理计算

采用第一原理赝势平面波方法,计算了B2-RuAl金属间化合物的基本物性及其点缺陷结构的几何、能态与电子结构,通过对不同点缺陷结构形成热与形成能的计算与比较,分析和预测了RuAl金属间化合物中点缺陷结构的种类与存在形式.结果表明：RuAl金属间化合物的点缺陷主要是Ru空位和Al反位,在富Ru合金中主要为Ru反位,在富Al合金中则主要是Al反位.这些点缺陷主要以Ru-Ru双空位和Al-Al双反位的组态结构形式出现,并且双空位以Ru-Ru为第一近邻时其点缺陷结构最稳定,而双反位则是以Al-Al为第三近邻时稳定性最高.进一步通过对NiAl和RuAl不同点缺陷结构Cauchy压力的比较,发现点缺陷对RuAl塑性的降低程度比NiAl低,因而含有点缺陷的实际合金的室温塑性RuAl比NiAl好.     

第一性原理研究点缺陷对B2结构NiAl合金性能的影响（英文）

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算分析了含点缺陷结构NiAl晶胞的形成热、形成能、点缺陷平衡浓度、力学性能、电子结构等。将NiAl与其他B2结构的金属间化合物进行对比,发现NiAl拥有更好的塑性和成键强度。根据形成热、形成能和点缺陷平衡浓度的计算结果,发现Ni反位和空位缺陷是NiAl晶胞结构中主要的点缺陷。通过Pugh(G/B_0)和Cauchy(C_(12)–C_(44))准则预测出Ni空位和反位缺陷、Al反位缺陷能够提升NiAl合金的脆性,其中Ni空位缺陷作用最明显;而Al空位缺陷能够改善NiAl合金的塑性,但在NiAl合金中的浓度很低。态密度计算结果发现NiAl合金具有良好的导电性能,Ni空位缺陷、Al空位和反位缺陷能够提升NiAl合金的稳定性。     

金属间化合物Ni3Al点缺陷的理论计算

本文建立起Ll_2型金属间化合物点缺陷的平衡方程,计算了Ni_3Al中反位置缺陷、空位的浓度分布并通过考察点缺陷的温度效应,在理论上澄清了对Ni_3Al中“组分点缺陷”性质的认识     

B2-YX（X=Cu，Rh，Ag，In）点缺陷结构及其基本物性的理论计算

采用第一原理赝势平面波方法，计算了B2-YX（X=Cu，Rh，Ag，In）金属间化合物的基本物性。通过对不同点缺陷结构形成热和形成能的计算与比较，分析和预测了B2-YX金属间化合物中点缺陷结构的种类与存在形式。结果表明：B2-YX点缺陷结构主要是X子晶格上的空位与Y子晶格上的反位，在富Y的YX金属间化合物中主要为X空位，在富X的YX金属间化合物中则主要是X反位。通过对B2-YX金属间化合物完整晶体与点缺陷结构Cauchy压力参数C12．C44和G／B。值的比较，发现点缺陷能明显提高B2-YX金属间化合物的室温塑性，推测这很可能是含有点缺陷的实际B2-YX多晶材料比无缺陷理想单晶和NiAl多晶材料表现出更好室温塑性的原因之一。     

L1_2-Co_3X(X=Ti,Ta,Al,W,V)点缺陷结构的理论计算

运用第一性原理赝势平面波方法,研究了L1_2-Co_3X(X=Ti,Ta,Al,W,V)金属间化合物的基本物性及其点缺陷结构的几何、能态与电子结构。通过对相应合金中两种组元原子的空位和反位点缺陷结构形成热与结合能的计算与比较,分析了L1_2-Co_3X(X=Ti,Ta,Al,W,V)金属间化合物中点缺陷结构的种类与存在形式。结果表明,L1_2-Co_3X(X=Ti,Ta,Al,W,V)金属间化合物的点缺陷结构与L1_2-Ni_3Al合金保持一致,主要是Co原子晶格以及X原子晶格上出现反位缺陷。基于晶体总电子态密度结构信息的分析,很好地验证了上述计算结果。     

点缺陷对B2-CoSc化合物物性影响的第一性原理研究

利用第一性原理的Castep软件,对B2型金属间化合物Co Sc的16种点缺陷的热力学参数、电子结构和弹性常数进行计算,分析16种点缺陷存在的类型及对化合物力学性能的影响。结果表明:Co单空位形成热和结合能分别是-6.78 e V和-0.43 e V,Co单空位化合物最容易形成、稳定性最好;其次是Co单反位化合物,形成热和结合能分别是-6.152 e V和2.504 e V。从而得出16种点缺陷最稳定存在形式是Co空位和Co反位;存在的组态是Co单空位、Co双空位、Co三空位和Co双反位。由电子态密度图中的费米能级和赝能隙也定性判断出,Co空位和反位缺陷化合物比Sc空位和反位缺陷化合物稳定。计算6种点缺陷的泊松比?可知,Co三空位的化合物金属键最强、塑性最好。与完整的Co Sc金属间化合物塑性相比,有空位缺陷的金属间化合物塑性得到提高。     

V掺杂Ni3Al点缺陷结构及合金化效应的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波赝势方法研究了V掺杂Ni3Al合金的电子结构和点缺陷结构.通过计算与实验结果对比选择了适合Ni3Al合金计算的近似方法,计算了含有各个缺陷的晶胞的晶格常数,形成热和结合能,点缺陷的形成能和平衡浓度,态密度和电荷密度.计算结果表明:Ni3Al合金中反位缺陷较空位缺陷易形成,NiAl是Ni3Al合金中最主要的反位缺陷,Al位最易形成缺陷,在1400 K时,空位缺陷的浓度远远低于反位缺陷的浓度.V加入Ni3Al合金体系中能提高合金的稳定性.     

X-ray diffraction study of Ba0.985Na0.015Ti0.985Nb0.015O3, Ba0.6Na0.4Ti0.6Nb0.4O3 and Ba0.3Na0.7Ti0.3Nb0.7O3 compositions

The Ba_0.985Na_0.015Ti_0.985Nb_0.015O₃, Ba_0.6Na_0.4Ti_0.6Nb_0.4O₃ and Ba_0.3Na_0.7Ti_0.3Nb_0.7O₃ compositions of the (1 − x) BaTiO₃–xNaNbO₃ (BTNNx) system have been studied by X-ray diffraction and by measurements of dielectric properties. The specimens with composition BTNN (x = 0.015, 0.40 and 0.70) have been refined by the JANA program from X-ray powder diffraction data. Ceramic samples with composition (1 − x) BaTiO₃ + xNaNbO₃ (where x = 0.015, 0.40 and 0.70) were prepared by calcinations from appropriate mixture of BaCO₃, TiO₂, Na₂CO₃ and Nb₂O₅. The calcined powder was sintered at temperature range 1200–1400 °C. As the composition x increased from 0.015 (and 0.70), the ferroelectric ceramics (x = 0.015, FE) with tetragonal phase changed to the ferroelectric relaxors (RFE, x = 0.40). RFE ceramics showed a peculiar diffuse phase transition and dielectric relaxation at the low temperature (down to 180 K) due to a frustration between RFE and FE state. These ceramics present the classical ferroelectric character when 0 ≤ x < 0.075 and 0.55 < x ≤ 1 and relaxor character when 0.075 ≤ x ≤ 0.55.     

Magnetic, electrical and plastic properties of Fe76Nb2Si13B9, Fe75Ag1Nb2Si13B9 and Fe75Cu1Nb2Si13B9 amorphous alloys

Influence of 1 h annealing in vacuum on magnetic, electrical and plastic properties of Fe₇₆Nb₂Si₁₃B₉, Fe₇₅Ag₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ and Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ melt spun ribbons were carefully investigated. It was shown that in all cases soft magnetic properties can be significantly enhanced by applying 1-h annealing at characteristic temperatures T_op. This optimization annealing causes that permeability increases more than 15-times and magnetic losses (tangent of loss angle) achieves a minimum in relation to the as quenched state. Using structural examinations (X-ray and HRTEM) it was shown that for the Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloy the optimized microstructure corresponds to a nanocrystalline αFe(Si) phase whereas in other alloys to a relaxed amorphous phase free of iron nanograins. As a consequence of this fact the Fe₇₆Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ and Fe₇₅Ag₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloys show higher plasticity in comparison to the nanocrystalline Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloy. Temperatures of the first stage of crystallization, and related diffusion parameters were determined using measurements of resistivity versus temperature with different heating rates.     

Fe2+-Ni2+-NH3-NH4+-C2O42-H2O体系的沉淀配合平衡热力学

针对草酸盐配位共沉淀热分解还原法制备超细铁镍合金粉过程中Fe2+-Ni2+-NH3-NH4+-C2O42--H2O体系的溶液平衡建立热力学分析模型,并根据模型进行相关计算,揭示反应体系中各物质随pH值、氨及草酸浓度的变化关系。结果表明:溶液中的Fe主要以[Fe(C2O4)n]2 2n络合物形式存在,而铁氨络合物含量很低。当氨含量较低时,溶液中的Ni主要以[Ni(C2O4)n]2 2n存在;氨含量较高时,在酸性条件下,溶液中的Ni主要以[Ni(C2O4)n]2 2n存在,在碱性条件下,则主要以[Ni(NH3)n]2+存在。低pH值下,Ni的沉淀率较Fe的高,而高pH值下,Ni的沉淀率则较Fe的低。     

Thermodynamics and phase diagrams in the binary systems Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-GeO2, Na2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3, CaO-B2O3, SrO-B2O3, and BaO-B2O3

We applied our model to the enthalpy of mixing data of the binary systems Na₂O-SiO₂, Na₂O-GeO₂, Na₂O-B₂O₃, Li₂O-B₂O₃, CaO-B₂O₃, SrO-B₂O₃, and BaO-B₂O₃. The most stable composition in the liquid, that is where the enthalpy of mixing is most negative, is with a metal-oxygen ratio of 4 to 3, for monovalent metals (Na and Li) and 3 to 4 for divalent metals (Ba and Ca) in liquid silicates or borates. The same applies to the CaO-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃, PbO-B₂O₃, PbO-SiO₂, ZnO-B₂O₃, and ZnO-SiO₂ systems. The oxygen to metal ratio, its constant value in various types of systems, reflects and describes the structure of the liquid. Using the analyzed enthalpies of mixing data and the available phase diagrams, we calculated the enthalpies of formation of the various binary compounds. The results are in excellent agreement with data in the literature that were obtained from direct solid-solid calorimetry.     

New Zr6CoAs2-type compounds: Y6CoBi2, Ho6CoBi2 and Tm6CoBi2

Results of a powder X-ray diffraction investigation of new ternary compounds are reported. The compounds Y₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8312(1) nm, c=0.4144(1) nm], Ho₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8246(2) nm, c=0.4095(1) nm], and Tm₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8155(2) nm, c=0.4066(1) nm] crystallize in the hexagonal Zr₆CoAs₂-type structure (space group P6b2m No. 189). The Zr₆CoAs₂-type structure is a superstructure of the Fe₂P-type structure.     

Zur Kenntnis von RbBa3Ca4Cu3V7O28

Single crystals of RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ were prepared above the melting point of the reaction mixture. It crystallizes with hexagonal symmetry, space group C_6V⁴-P6₃mc, a 11.1751, c 12.434 Å, Z = 2. RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ is the second member of a new structure type of the copper-oxovanadates. Ba²⁺ shows an unusual 12-fold coordination. The two calcium positions are coordinated by trigonal prisms and octahedra respectively. The copper coordination is characterized by a stretched square pyramid. The Cu²⁺ ions are outside the centre nearly in plane of the pyramids.

Zusammenfassung

Einkristalle von RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ wurden oberhalb des Schmelzpunktes der Reaktionsmischung erhalten. Die Verbindung kristallisiert hexagonal, Raumgruppe C_6V⁴-P6₃mc, a 11.1751, c 12.434 Å, Z = 2. RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ ist das zweite Beispiel für einen neuen Strukturtyp der Kupfer-Oxovanadate, mit 12-fach koordinierten Ba²⁺ -Ionen. Die zwei Calciumpositionen sind trigonal prismatisch bzw. oktaedrisch koordiniert. Die Koordination der Cu²⁺-Ionen ist durch eine gestreckte Pyramide charakterisiert. Cu²⁺ ist auβerhalb des Polyederzentrums nahezu in der quadratischen Fläche der Pyramide angeordnet.     

Al2O3-Sm2O3-CeO2电解质的性能（英文）

采用溶胶-凝胶法和低温燃烧技术制备Ce1-xSmxO2（x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3）和掺杂Sm和（2%-8%）Al2O3的二氧化铈;研究其合成、结构、致密化、导电性和热膨胀等性能,并利用XRD研究其结构和相组成。结果表明,于1300°C烧结球团,获得致密的陶瓷,于1250°C在Ce0.8Sm0.2O0.2中加入2%和4%的Al2O3以促进烧结。利用扫描电子显微镜观察烧结后球团的表面形貌,使用双探针交流阻抗谱研究总离子电导率。     

电弧喷涂制备Fe65Cr20Mo7B3.5SiMn1.5W3涂层

在Q235低碳钢板上利用电弧喷涂工艺进行喷涂,以制得Fe65Cr20Mo7B3.5SiMn1.5W3涂层。喷涂材料为自行配制的丝材,按照35%的填充率将配好的粉填充到U型不锈钢外皮中,经过多道拉拔、挤压工艺制成Φ2mm的粉芯丝材。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、透射电镜对涂层的物相和组织形貌及成分进行了表征;采用差示扫描量热仪、显微硬度仪等设备对涂层的热稳定性及显微硬度进行了检测和分析。试验结果表明:涂层组织形貌呈典型的层状组织结构,由变形良好的带状粒子相互搭接堆积而成。涂层含有50.63%的非晶相,同时含有纳米级的晶相。涂层组织均匀、结构致密、孔隙率低,并且涂层硬度高达1040.5HV0.3,属硬质涂层,具有良好的热稳定性。     

Synthesis and electrochemical properties of LiNi0.4Mn1.5Cr0.1O4 and Li4Ti5O12

Spinel compound LiNi_0.4Mn_1.5Cr_0.1O₄ (LNMCO) and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LTO) were synthesized by the sol-gel method and the solid-state method, respectively. The particle sizes of the products LiNi_0.4Mn_1.5Cr_0.1O₄ and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ were 0.5 to 2 um and 0.5 to 0.8 um, respectively. All samples exhibited excellent electrochemical properties. A LiNi_0.4Mn_1.5Cr_0.1O₄/Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LNMCO/LTO) cell was fabricated and was demonstrated to exhibit good electrochemical properties at the high current rate of 1 C. When the specific capacity was determined based on the mass of the LNMCO cathode, the LNMCO/LTO cell delivered 125 mAh g⁻¹ at 1 C and 77 mAh g⁻¹ at 5 C. The capacity retentions after 30 cycles were 94.4 % and 83.1 %, respectively.