固溶时效对Mg-Gd-Y合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

对汽车发动机用Mg-7Gd-5Y合金进行了固溶和时效处理,研究了固溶温度和时效时间对合金微观组织与力学性能的影响,并分析了其作用机理。结果表明:铸态合金中主要由α-Mg固溶体、Mg3(Gd,Y)相、14H长周期相和立方状富稀土相组成;在固溶温度为500℃时,合金的抗拉强度相对原始态提高了11%、断后伸长率提高了2.4%,具有较好的强度和塑性结合;随着固溶温度的升高,晶界处共晶相含量逐渐减小;500℃固溶10 h后晶界向晶内生长的长周期相片层变薄,并形成了较多的堆垛层错;随着时效时间的延长,合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度都表现为先升高而后降低的趋势,在时效时间为120 h时达到最大值,而断后伸长率随着时效时间的延长而整体保持逐渐降低的趋势。     

高强高韧铝锌镁钪合金板材制备及其组织性能演变

采用力学性能测试和电子显微分析技术研究了不同加工处理条件下Al-5.4Zn-2.0-Mg-0.25Cu-0.1Sc-0.1Zr合金的显微组织及性能演变。结果表明:在半连续激冷铸造条件下,铸锭存在晶界偏析,形成了富Zn、Mg的非平衡相和富Fe、Si、Mn的杂质相;经470℃、12 h均匀化处理后,富Zn、Mg的非平衡相溶入基体,仅剩下少量富Fe、Si、Mn的杂质相;与此同时,铸锭合金固溶体分解析出纳米级的Al3(Sc,Zr)相,470℃、12 h是研究合金合适的铸锭均匀化制度;铸锭热变形过程中,随试验温度升高合金强度逐渐降低,伸长率则先增加而后降低,350~400℃的温度范围内合金具有较稳定的热变形抗力和塑性,是合宜的热变形温度范围;合金冷轧板材经470℃、1 h固溶处理后,热变形过程中形成的大量非平衡相溶入基体形成过饱和固溶体,时效过程中脱溶顺序为αsss(α过饱和固溶体)→GP区→η′相→η相。合金板材最佳固溶-时效工艺为(470℃,1 h)固溶+(120℃,24 h)时效,在此条件下,试验合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别可达533 MPa、494 MPa和15%。试验合金的高强度主要来源于η′相析出强...     

固溶处理对SiC_p增强AZ91D镁合金组织及硬度的影响

采用不同固溶温度及保温时间,研究了SiC p增强AZ91D镁合金组织演变及硬度变化行为。结果表明,随固溶温度提高,铸态组织中连续网状β相逐渐消失,汉字状Mg2Si相发生熔断,球化速度加快,400℃时晶界清晰。400℃×16h固溶时,不稳定β相几乎完全固溶至基体中,汉字状Mg2Si球化效果最佳,Al8Mn5相未发生明显变化。400℃×20h固溶后,Mg2Si球化趋势开始减弱,晶粒尺寸出现显著增加。结果表明,β相的消失和Mg2Si相的球化导致合金硬度发生连续下降。400℃×16h后由于固溶强化效果的增加,合金硬度有所提高。     

热处理对Mg-5wt%Sn合金组织与显微硬度的影响

研究了固溶处理(460-500 ℃保温1-96 h)加人工时效处理(210-290 ℃保温1-160 h)对Mg-5wt%Sn合金组织演变的影响及组织与显微硬度之间的关系.结果表明,经480℃过固溶处理后,合金中的Mg2Sn相基本溶解,随后的时效处理过程中Mg2Sn相以弥散形式析出.Mg-5wt%Sn合金具有明显的时效硬化特征:经480℃固溶处理后,时效温度采用210℃时,保温96h后显微硬度达到峰值为77.4 HV0.01;时效温度为250℃时,保温16h后显微硬度达到峰值为76.6 HV0.01;时效温度采用290℃时,保温4h后达到峰值为60.2 HV0.01.合适的时效处理制度能明显提高合金的显微硬度.     

固溶处理对Mg-2.0Zn-0.5Zr-3.0Gd生物降解镁合金组织及耐腐蚀性能的影响

采用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)研究固溶处理温度对Mg-2.0Zn-0.5Zr-3.0Gd(质量分数,%)生物镁合金显微组织的影响,通过失重、析氢和电化学方法研究合金在模拟体液(SBF)中的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:铸态合金中,第二相(Mg,Zn)3Gd在合金基体中呈网状分布。固溶处理温度在460～500℃时,合金的晶粒尺寸随温度的升高而逐渐增大,温度为480℃时,没有溶入基体的(Mg,Zn)3Gd相以颗粒状或长条状的形式存在于基体中,部分颗粒与α-Mg基体具有共格关系。随着固溶处理温度的升高,合金的腐蚀速率先减小后增大,固溶处理温度在480℃时,合金的耐腐蚀性能比铸态合金的有了较大的提高。在120 h的浸泡实验中,合金的腐蚀速率在最后24 h时逐渐趋于稳定。     

固溶温度对6061铝合金组织和性能的影响

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)等分析手段,研究固溶温度对6061铝合金热挤压板材的显微组织、力学性能及拉伸断口形貌的影响.结果表明,实验合金的强度和硬度随着固溶温度的升高而提高,当基体有轻微过烧时强度并没有降低;实验合金的最佳固溶工艺为565℃×40 min.XRD物相分析表明,在固溶处理过程中发生溶解的析出相粒子主要为Mg2Si,而残留的粗大析出相则主要是富Fe化合物.通过基体点阵常数的精确测量可以很好的表征合金的固溶程度.固溶处理后残留的析出相粒子是影响合金拉伸断口形貌的主要因素.当固溶温度低于535℃时,合金的断裂属于单一的韧窝断裂;当固溶温度高于535℃时,合金的断裂是由沿晶脆性断裂和韧窝断裂组成的混合断裂.     

固溶-时效对Al-Zn-Mg-Mn-Zr合金挤压板材组织和性能的影响

采用硬度测试、金相(OM)、背散射(BSM)、透射电镜(TEM)等分析方法,试验研究了固溶-时效处理对Al-ZnMg-Mn-Zr合金挤压板材组织和性能的影响。结果表明,Al-Zn-Mg-Mn-Zr合金挤压态组织除固溶基体外,还包括亚微米级的Al Zn Mg(Cu)平衡相和α-Al Fe(Cr)Si夹杂相;固溶处理过程中,亚微米级的Al Zn Mg(Cu)平衡相溶解而α-AlFe(Cr)Si夹杂相仍然保留下来;随着固溶温度升高,时效后合金板材的抗拉强度和屈服强度呈先升高后降低的趋势,470℃固溶情况下强度达到峰值;时效处理过程中,合金表现出明显的时效硬化效应,GP区的形成是合金强化的主要原因。Al-Zn-Mg-Mn-Zr合金板材合适的固溶-时效制度为470℃1 h固溶、水淬后,120℃24 h时效。在此条件下,合金板材的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为445 N/mm2、350 N/mm2和15.3%。     

不同状态的Mg-6Gd-2Y合金的显微组织特征

综合运用OM、XRD、FEGSEM和HRTEM手段深入分析了Mg-6%Gd-2%Y(质量分数)(记为GW62)合金铸态、固溶态和时效态的显微组织特征及演变过程。GW62合金铸态组织主要由α(Mg)和呈不连续网状的Mg_5(Gd,Y)相组成,在紧邻Mg_5(Gd,Y)处有少量非平衡凝固相Mg_2(Gd,Y);对合金进行520℃固溶处理,随着固溶时间延长,半连续状Mg_5(Gd,Y)相尺寸逐渐缩小,直至溶解,并在晶界形成大量细小fcc结构的富稀土相Mg(Gd,Y)_2,明显阻止了α(Mg)晶粒的长大;合金在175~225℃时效处理时,175℃时效硬化效果最明显,时效析出过程包括:时效初期(4~32 h),过饱和α(Mg)析出β″相;快速析出期(32~100 h),α(Mg)析出β′相,100 h达到峰值时效,析出相为β″、β′相;过时效期区(100 h),β′相尺寸逐渐增大,并转化成β_1和向稳定的β相转变。     

时效温度对Ti-5523合金组织和性能的影响

研究了不同时效温度对时效处理后的Ti-5523合金的微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:在合金相变点(790±5)℃以下的760℃或相变点以上的840℃固溶处理1 h,460～580℃时效处理8 h,Ti-5523合金的微观组织和力学性能对时效温度敏感。合金强度随着时效温度升高而降低,塑性则逐渐提高。合金在760℃×1 h/AC固溶+580℃×8 h/AC时效处理后的断后伸长率和断面收缩率分别为17. 50%和67%,具有良好的塑性。固溶及时效处理后的Ti-5523合金强度主要受α相含量和尺寸的影响,α相尺寸减小或α相含量增加均可以提高合金的强度。随着时效温度的升高,在双相区固溶的时效态合金的初α相逐渐从长条状向短球状、椭球状转变,且含有短球状、椭球状的初生α相的合金具有更好的塑性变形能力。由于初生α相和次生α相的尺寸、含量随着时效温度的增加而发生的改变对合金力学性能产生的影响是协同的,因此双相区固溶的时效态合金的力学性能对时效温度非常敏感。     

Mg-Al-Mn-RE合金固溶处理和人工时效研究

研究固溶处理和人工时效对Mg-Al-Mn-RE合金显微组织和硬度的影响规律,结果表明:铸态Mg-6Al-0.3Mn-1.6RE合金主要由α-Mg相、γ相(Mg17Al12)和稀土相(Al11RE3)组成.固溶处理36 h后,γ相全部溶解到α-Mg基体中,稀土相未溶解,但发生断开,稀土相的杆状变得很短.时效时间为16 h时,在晶界上析出片层状γ相.随固溶处理和人工时效时间的延长,合金显微硬度升高.     

Effects of Solution Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Mg-4.5Zn-4.5Sn-2Al-0.6Sr Alloy

Microstructure and mechanical properties of the Mg-4.5Zn-4.5Sn-2Al-0.6Sr alloy are investigated both in the as-cast condition and after the different three-step solution heat treatments (a solution heat treatment of 310 °C × 4 h + 340 °C × 28 h followed by a high-temperature solution treatment) to explore the optimal solution treatment cycle. The as-cast alloy contains a microstructure consisting of the α-Mg matrix, Mg₂Sn, Mg₅₁Zn₂₀, Mg₃₂(Al, Zn)₄₉, and MgSnSr phases. After the solution heat treatment, all the Mg₅₁Zn₂₀, the Mg₃₂(Al, Zn)₄₉ phases, and most of the Mg₂Sn phase are dissolved into the matrix, only the MgSnSr phase and a minority of the Mg₂Sn phase are remained in the granular form or the fine dot-like. The volume fraction of the residual second phases decreases from 5.61 to 1.84% with the increasing solution time from 0 to 4 h at 420 °C and it decreases from 2.9 to 0.4% with the increasing solution temperature from 420 to 480 °C for 2 h. The alloy that experiences the solution treatment of 310 °C × 4 h + 340 °C × 28 h + 460 °C × 2 h exhibits the highest strength and the best plasticity among all the solution-treated alloys. Therefore, the optimal solution treatment is 310 °C × 4 h + 340 °C × 28 h + 460 °C × 2 h. The residual second phases in the alloy that experiences the optimal solution treatment are confirmed to be the Mg₂Sn phase and the MgSnSr phase which are related to their relatively high thermal stability. The ultimate tensile strength and the elongation to rupture of the as-solutionized alloy are 238 MPa and 12%, respectively, about 25 MPa and 2.4% higher than the counterparts of the as-cast alloy.     

热处理工艺对砂型铸造Al−2Li−2Cu−0.5Mg−0.2Sc−0.2Zr合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

研究不同热处理工艺对砂型铸造Al?2Li?2Cu?0.5Mg?0.2Sc?0.2Zr合金显微组织和力学性能的影响.设计三级固溶处理方案((460℃,32 h)+(520℃,24 h)+(530/540/550℃,4/12/24/32 h))和不同温度(125,175,225℃)时效处理方案用于比较.采用光学显微镜(OM...     

Mg-6Zn-3Sn合金的均匀化热处理及其对显微组织和力学性能的影响（英文）

利用DSC、OM、XRD、SEM、TEM、维氏硬度计和万能试验机，研究Mg-6Zn-3Sn合金均匀化过程中的显微组织和力学性能演变，分析合金过烧的原因和扩散动力学，确定合金的均匀化制度。结果表明，单级均匀化处理后，Mg₂Zn₃相分解，同时伴随着Mg₂Sn相的析出。当均匀化温度上升到350℃时，Mg₂Zn₃相导致合金的过烧。合金合适的均匀化制度为(335℃，24 h)+(400℃，6 h)。在双级均匀化过程中，合金的硬度持续下降，力学性能呈现先升后降的趋势，这与Zn和Sn原子的固溶和Mg₂Sn相的析出有关。     

Effects of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Zn-4Sm-0.4Zr alloy

A new rare earth magnesium alloy(Mg-6 Zn-4 Sm-0.4 Zr, wt.%) was prepared by permanent mould casting. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy sample in as-cast and various heat treatment situations were characterized with an optical microscope(OM), X-ray diffractometer(XRD), scanning electron microscope(SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscope(EDS), transmission electron microscope(TEM) and mechanical tests at room temperature, respectively. The experimental results show that the as-cast alloy mainly consists of α-Mg, eutectic Mg_2Zn_3, MgZnSm and Mg_(41)Sm_5. These eutectic phases with continuous or semicontinuous morphology principally distribute along grain boundaries. Almost all the eutectic compounds dissolve in α-Mg and the grains have no obvious growth trend after optimum solution treatment at 490 °C for 18 h. Meanwhile, the ultimate tensile strength(UTS) of 229 MPa and elongation(EL) to rupture of 9.78% can be achieved through the optimal solution treatment, which increase by 37 MPa and 57.74%, respectively, compared with that of the as-cast alloy. Further aging treatments at 200 °C for different durations lead to the conspicuous increment of mechanical properties and prominent age-hardening response. Peak-aged alloy(treated at 200 °C for 12 h) reveals better mechanical properties(UTS 258 MPa, EL 9.42%, hardness 73.4 HV) compared with the same alloy treated in other aging conditions, which is mainly ascribed to precipitated Mg_2Zn_3 and MgZn_2 phases. Fracture analysis demonstrates that the as-cast alloy belongs to inter-granular and cleavage fracture patterns, while the solutionized alloy(treated at 490 °C for 18 h) reveals trans-granular and quasi-cleavage fracture modes. For the peak-aged alloy, the fracture pattern obeys the mixture of trans-granular and cleavage modes.     

Microstructural evolution of new type Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy with Er and Zr additions during homogenization

A comprehensive study on the microstructural evolution of a new type Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Er–Zr alloy during homogenization was conducted by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results show that serious segregation exists in as-cast alloy, and the primary phases are T(AlZnMgCu), S(Al₂CuMg) and Al₈Cu₄Er, which preferentially locate in the grain boundary regions. The soluble T(AlZnMgCu) and S(Al₂CuMg) phases dissolve into the matrix gradually during single-stage homogenized at 465 °C with prolonging holding time, but the residual Al₈Cu₄Er phase cannot dissolve completely. Compared with the single-stage homogenization, both a finer particle size and a higher volume fraction of L1₂-structured Al₃(Er, Zr) dispersoids can be obtained in the two-stage homogenization process. A suitable homogenization scheme for the present alloy is (400 °C, 10 h)+(465 °C, 24 h), which is consistent with the results of homogenization kinetic analysis.     

Evolution of second phases and mechanical properties of 7075 Al alloy processed by solution heat treatment

The effects of solution treatment on the evolution of the second phases and mechanical properties of 7075 Al alloy were studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hardness and tensile tests. The results show that Mg(Zn, Cu, Al)₂ phases gradually dissolve into the matrix, yet the size and morphology of Al₇Cu₂Fe phase exhibit no change with the increase of the solution treatment temperature and time due to its high melting point. When the solution treatment temperature and time continue to increase, the formation of coarse black Mg₂Si particles occurs. Compared to the as-cast alloy, the microhardness, tensile strength, and elongation of the sample under solution heat treatment at 460 °C for 5 h are increased by 55.1%, 40.9% and 109.1%, respectively. This is because the eutectic Mg(Zn, Cu, Al)₂ phases almost completely dissolve and basically no coarse black Mg₂Si particles are formed.     

Mg-Zn-Al三元系富镁角335°C等温截面(英文)

采用平衡合金法,利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜及能谱分析,系统地研究了Mg-Zn-Al三元系富镁角335°C的平衡相组成及其成分。从实验上证实,α-Mg固溶体并不与Mg32(Al,Zn)49(τ)三元金属间化合物或q准晶相平衡,而仅与一个三元化合物Al5Mg11Zn4(φ)相平衡。获得了φ相在335°C的整个成分范围,即:52.5%~56.4%Mg、13.6%~24.0%Al、19.6%~33.9%Zn(摩尔分数)。Al在Mg Zn相中的固溶度远大于在Mg7Zn3相中的固溶度,其最大值可达8.6%Al(摩尔分数)。Al和Zn可以同时固溶在α-Mg固溶体中。     

Brazing of A5056 aluminium alloy with the aid of ultrasonic vibration using Ag filler metal

In order to produce a high strength brazed joint of A5056 aluminium alloy containing magnesium of about 5 mass%, the authors applied a flux-free brazing method with the aid of ultrasonic vibration to the aluminium alloy by selecting pure Ag foil as brazing filler metal and examined the effect of brazing conditions on the joint properties. The main results obtained in this study are as follows.

At a brazing temperature of 570°C, just above the eutectic point of Al–Ag binary system, application of ultrasonic vibration for 4.0 s provided the brazed joint with the maximum tensile strength and the strength decreased with the application time. When the brazing temperature was varied from 550 to 580°C and the application time of ultrasonic vibration was kept constant at 4.0 s, the joint brazed at 560°C attained the maximum tensile strength and fractured in the base metal. It was found that using a pure Ag foil as brazing filler metal successfully brazed A5056 aluminium alloy and the joint strength was equivalent to that of the base metal. Fracture of the joint was prone to occur along the (Al₃Mg₂ + Al solid solution) phase with high hardness formed at the grain boundary of the base metal. The amount of the hard (Al₃Mg₂ + Al solid solution) phase increased with the ultrasonic application time and the brazing temperature. It seemed that the increase of the hard (Al₃Mg₂ + Al solid solution) phase mainly caused the brazed joint strength to decrease.     

Surface alloying of AZ91E alloy by Al–Zn packed powder diffusion coating

A new surface coating technique, namely packed powder diffusion coating (PPDC), for AZ91E magnesium alloy is reported. This new technique uses a powder mixture of aluminium and zinc as diffusion source and produces uniform and thick coatings at temperatures below 420 °C. Experimental results showed that zinc in the powder mixture significantly promotes the formation of intermetallic layers on the surface of the magnesium alloy at process temperatures between 350 °C and 413 °C, which is more than 50 °C lower than the previously reported processes. Depending on the temperature and the Zn-content in the powder, X-ray diffraction analysis identified three intermetallic phases and Mg(Al, Zn) solid solution that consist of the surface alloyed layer. The intermetallic compounds are τ-Mg₃₂(Al,Zn)₄₉, φ-Al₅Mg₁₁Zn₄ and β-Mg₁₇(Al,Zn)₁₂. The hardness of the over 500 μm thick surface alloyed layers is up to four times higher than the substrate. Both the β-Mg₁₇(Al,Zn)₁₂ phase and the τ-Mg₃₂(Al,Zn)₄₉ phase show one to two order magnitude higher corrosion resistance than the α-phase (solid solution) and the φ-Al₅Mg₁₁Zn₄ phase in 5% NaCl solution. A process parameter window for the layer thickness as well as a schematic model for the formation of the layer is proposed. The PPDC process is a promising technique that provides effective protection of AZ91E alloy from both wear and corrosion.     

Effect of Mg content on the dimensional stability and tensile properties of heat treated Al-Si-Cu (319) type alloys

The present study was performed on A319.2 aluminum alloy containing 6.2% Si, 3.46% Cu, 0.35% Fe, 0.1% Mg. Small amounts of additives were added to the molten metal as follows: 0.5% Mg, (0.5%Mg + 0.03% Sr), (0.5%Mg + 0.03% Sr + 0.02% TiB₂). The fluidity of the molten metal as a function of temperature in the range 620–740 °C was measured using the Ragone testing technique. Two solution treatments were applied to test bars prepared from these alloy compositions: 6–8 h at 470 °C, and 6–8 h at 505 °C. In both cases, the test bars were quenched in hot water (60 °C), followed by immediate ageing for 5 h at 180 °C. The results reveal that Sr slightly improves the fluidity of the molten metal (～12%) at 720 °C. The addition of Mg leads to a noticeable increase in the alloy length (～2%) when the solution temperature is above 500 °C. At this temperature, incipient melting of Al₅Mg₈Si₆Cu₂ and Al₂Cu phase particles located at the grain boundaries was significant. Ageing at 180 °C contributes significantly to the alloy strength without much change in the dimension. The magnitude of the increase in alloy strength is strongly related to the solution temperature. Solution treatment for 8–10 h at 500 °C may be recommended.