高效率YIG调谐激励器驱动电路设计

针对传统YIG调谐激励器线性恒流源电路效率低、功耗大、发热严重的问题,提出了一种高效率驱动电路,该电路由前级DC/DC变换器和后级数控恒流源构成。前级DC/DC变换器采用高频BUCK型变换产生中间值电压,以提高效率;后级数控恒流源采用基于MOSFET的线性恒流电路,以保证恒流精度,并采用小电阻取样与放大电路结合的方式取代大取样电阻,用MOSFET取代达林顿管等技术降低功耗。通过DC/DC变换器和线性恒流源电路结合的方式,在保持传统线性恒流电路高性能优势的同时获得较高的驱动效率。实验结果表明,该电路具有较宽的工作电压,在7~28 V输入电压范围内,都可达到70%以上的驱动效率;当输入电压大于12 V时,驱动效率比传统线性恒流电路提升30%以上。     

采用耦合电感的车载逆变器前端推挽式变换器

针对车载逆变器中前级电压变换器具有低压大电流输入的特点,提出了一种利用耦合电感实现均流的前级谐振推挽式电路并联工作方案。在分析等效工作电路的基础上,列出了谐振电路并联工作的状态方程,推导出耦合电感作用下等效电阻和漏感偏差对均流度的解析公式。阐述了实际设计问题及后级电路的控制方案。制作了一台2 kW工业样机。测试表明,前级电路不均流度小于2%,符合设计要求。     

一种带三绕组耦合电感的级联型高增益功率变换器

提出一种带三绕组耦合电感的级联型高增益功率变换器。采用三绕组耦合电感、开关电容技术和级联结构,该变换器可实现更高电压增益。变换器的输入电感可有效降低输入电流纹波,从而减小输入电源应力。此外,耦合电感的漏感能量由输出端回收利用,提升效率的同时,能够抑制开关管的电压尖峰,降低其电压应力。详细分析带三绕组耦合电感的级联型高增益功率变换器的工作原理,以及连续导通模式下变换器的稳态性能。最后搭建一台30V输入、380V/0.3A输出的实验样机,实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性。     

A single‐stage LED streetlight driver with PFC and digital PWM dimming capability

This paper proposes a single‐stage light‐emitting diode (LED) driver that offers power‐factor correction and digital pulse–width modulation (PWM) dimming capability for streetlight applications. The presented LED streetlight driver integrates an alternating current–direct current (AC–DC) converter with coupled inductors and a half‐bridge‐type LLC DC–DC resonant converter into a single‐stage circuit topology. The sub‐circuit of the AC–DC converter with coupled inductors is designed to be operated in discontinuous‐conduction mode for achieving input‐current shaping. Zero‐voltage switching of two active power switches and zero‐current switching of two output‐rectifier diodes in the presented LED driver decrease the switching losses; thus, the circuit efficiency is increased. A prototype driver for powering a 144‐W‐rated LED streetlight module with input utility‐line voltages ranging from 100 to 120 V is implemented and tested. The proposed streetlight driver features cost‐effectiveness, high circuit efficiency, high power factor, low levels of input‐current harmonics, and a digital PWM dimming capability ranging from 20% to 100% output rated LED power, which is fulfilled by a micro‐controller. Satisfying experimental results, including dimming tests, verify the feasibility of the proposed LED streetlight driver. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

自适应IGBT串联均压电路设计

单个绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)由于耐压的限制,在节能和改善电网电能质量、柔性直流输电、高压变频器、静止同步补偿器,以及有源滤波器等高压大功率电能变换场合还不能满足需求,而串联使用是一种较好的解决方案。文中提出了一种适用于串联IGBT的自适应动态均压方案,详细分析了其工作原理,并通过仿真和实际电路对其进行了验证。在此基础上研制了一套由4组5只IGBT直接串联桥臂组成的全桥逆变演示系统,串联回路中的每只耐压1 200V的IGBT稳定工作在900V,其电压利用效率达到了75%,具有较高的实用价值。     

大功率电弧加热器电源的设计研究

研究了63MW等级的大功率电弧加热器交直流电源的主电路设计和控制策略。提出了一种相移叠桥组合晶闸管整流主电路结构,使得该电源输出直流电压从1kV到21kV的不同工况时,其输入端的功率因数不小于0.9,且高功率时THD小于5%。根据主电路相移叠桥结构的特点,提出了一种非线性反馈控制器和前馈控制器相结合的复合稳流控制策略,稳流精度能够达到0.1%。实验结果表明,相移叠桥组合晶闸管主电路结构达到了电源电能质量设计指标;采用复合稳流控制策略后,稳流精度不仅能够达到设计指标,而且可以去掉主电路中的稳流电阻,从而减小了电源系统1.8MW的电阻热耗。     

基于双变压器的复合式谐振三电平零电流开关变换器

针对分布式光伏发电接入中压直流配电网的应用场合,提出了一种基于双变压器的复合式谐振三电平变换器。新型变换器是在传统中性点钳位型三电平电路的基础上,通过添加一个辅助电路实现了基础三电平电路的固定占空比运行,变换器工作于电流断续模式。其中,基础三电平电路传输大部分功率,而辅助电路采用脉宽调制方式,可以实现基础三电平电路在全负载范围内的零电流开关,从而显著降低变换器的开关损耗。重点讨论了辅助变压器变比和谐振电容对开关管电流、谐振电压峰值、谐振电感值大小的影响,提出了相应的参数设计指导原则。最后,制作了一套300～1 500 V/2 kW原理样机对所提变换器的性能进行了验证。     

一种LED汽车前照灯驱动电路设计

介绍一款采用AT9933芯片的PWM恒流LED汽车前照灯驱动电路,其驱动、拓扑和调光方式分别采用开关型变换器、Boost—buck拓扑和PWM调光方式。负载采用8颗1W大功率白光LED串联。实验结果表明,当输入电压在9～16V之间变化时,输出恒流大小为342mA,电流精度达2．3％;当输入电压为12V时,输出电压为25．12V,电路转换效率达80．44％。     

A single‐switch cascaded high step‐up voltage converter with 95% maximum efficiency for renewable energy systems

This paper proposes a novel nonisolated single‐switch cascaded high step‐up converter. The converter consists of coupled inductors, a clamp circuit, and cascaded capacitors to achieve high step‐up voltage output. Only one switch is used in the proposed converter; the switch can reduce cost efficiently and simplify the control of the proposed converter. The converter also possesses an energy‐recycle mechanism for recycling the spike energy of a leakage inductor. In addition, a clamp circuit is used to reduce voltage‐stress across the switch, and a cascaded design is used to reduce voltage‐stress across diodes and output capacitor. Thus, the proposed converter can select a low‐voltage stress switch for reducing circuit loss and improving the efficiency of the converter. Finally, in this study, a 400‐W nonisolated cascaded high step‐up converter was implemented, of which the input and output voltages are 48 and 400 V, respectively. A microcontroller dsPIC30F4011 was used to control the converter and verify system effects and feasibility. The maximum efficiency of the proposed converter is 95% and the efficiency under a full load is 93%. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于有源PFC原理的升压型DC/DC空间电源设计

采用有源PFC工作原理实现了一种升压型DC/DC变换器模块。作为空间电源完成由蓄电池输出电压50￣90V范围到稳定的128V输出,所采用的核心控制芯片为L4981A。该变换器的设计采用了双闭环控制,其特点是采用电压误差放大器环节实现输出电压稳定,采用电流环误差放大器环节实现输入电流跟踪输入电压且连续。试验结果表明,该变换器的输入电流连续,输出电压精度高,负载调整率高,电压调整率高,纹波电压较低,EMI强度较低,输出功率达到1.5kW。     

一种新型的全桥零电压零电流开关PWM变换器

提出一种新型的FB-ZVZCS—PWM变换器拓扑，采用耦合电感构成辅助电路，结构简单、没有耗能元件或有源开关，不增加原边电流应力。新拓扑具有良好的通用性，对采用不同箝位方式如阻容吸收、次级无源箝位或有源箝位的全桥变换器均适用。变换器主开关管全部采用IGBT，开关频率大幅提高，功率密度、轻载效率及软开关负载范围显著改善，而变换器成本降低。给出了变换器拓扑结构、关键参数设计及实测波形，新拓扑已应用在3kW，350VDC变换器中。     

电阻型分压器高压测试精度改进研究

采用电阻型分压器作为电压转换装置测量含静态过程以及动态阶跃过程的高压时,信号的高测量精度是高压测试的重要指标,而分压器高压臂电阻是影响测量精度的关键因素之一。提出使用低额定功率的电阻构成分压器装置以提高电压测试精度,并仿真了分析不同散热方式、不同绝缘介质条件下高压臂电阻温度变化情况,根据仿真结果提出通过主动冷却的方式降低电阻的初始温度,从而解决选择低功率电阻时的高温问题。实验结果表明,使用解决了高温问题的低功率电阻构成分压器可有效提高电压测量精度。     

All‐pass sections with rich cascadability and IC realization suitability

In this paper, two new circuit configurations for realizing voltage‐mode (VM) all‐pass sections (APSs) are presented. The proposed circuits employ only two differential voltage current conveyors (DVCCs) and are cascadable with other VM circuits due to their high‐input and low‐output impedances. The first configuration uses a grounded resistor and a grounded capacitor without requiring matching constraints, whereas the second employs two grounded resistors and a grounded capacitor with a single matching condition. While the first configuration can realize only one all‐pass response, the second can provide inverting and non‐inverting all‐pass responses with selection of appropriate input port. Adding two grounded resistors to the proposed filters, variable gain APSs can also be obtained. As applications, two quadrature oscillators, each of which using one of the proposed all‐pass circuits, one grounded resistor and one grounded capacitor are presented. SPICE simulation results are included to verify the theory. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

直流600V输入多路输出高频开关电源设计

本文介绍了直流600V输入多路直流输出高频开关电源设计方案,主电路采用双管反激功率变换电路,控制电路采用电流型PWM控制技术。     

适用于探地雷达应用的低过冲平衡脉冲发生器

设计了一种新型的超宽带ns级低过冲平衡脉冲发生器.该脉冲发生器包含驱动电路、雪崩三极管脉冲电路和脉冲整形电路3部分,驱动电路用以锐化触发脉冲;雪崩三极管脉冲电路采用独特的晶体管级联结构产生大幅度的高斯脉冲;脉冲整形电路利用并联端接电阻网络和肖特基二极管减小信号反射,最后使用巴仑产生平衡的高斯脉冲,该电路最高可以在300 KV脉冲重复频率下正常工作.测量结果表明,在100 KV脉冲重频时该脉冲发生器可以输出一对峰峰值为230 V、前沿为1.3 ns的平衡脉冲,并有着极小的振铃和过冲.这些特征说明,该脉冲发生器在探地雷达应用中有着更深探测距离和更快数据处理速度的优势.     

电阻采样电流重构在异步电机驱动器中的应用

探讨了相电流重构技术的原理及电阻采样技术实现中的难点。采用高性能单片机设计开发了“交直交”型驱动器。在设计的硬件电路和软件平台上,通过仿真和实验验证本文所给出的改进电流重构策略能很好地反映实际电流。与此同时相比传统的电流检测方案,该策略实现简单、节省成本,在竞争日趋激烈的小功率、低成本驱动器中具有很强的实用性。     

Expandable interleaved high voltage gain boost DC-DC converter with low switching stress

In this paper, an interleaved DC-DC step-up boost converter with high voltage conversion ratio and low voltage stresses on switches and diodes is proposed. The proposed converter has low average current passing through the diodes and switches and low input current ripple as a feature of interleaved converters. The voltage gain of the proposed converter can be increased by adding more diode-capacitor modules; therefore, the proposed converter has expandable structure. In addition, by implementing more diode-capacitor modules, the switching stresses would be more decreased. Also, to evaluate the performance of the proposed converter, it is compared with other similar presented circuits in the literature. The proposed converter is not only able to provide higher voltage gain but also has lower voltage stresses on switches and diodes. Consequently, switches and diodes with low voltage ratings can be selected. Theoretical analysis is provided in this study for each operation mode and the average current through the switches, diodes and inductors, voltage stresses on switches and diodes, voltage gain, and input current ripple are calculated. Finally, to demonstrate the accuracy performance of the proposed converter, a 450-W prototype is implemented practically.     

Voltage mode and current mode Tow Thomas bi‐quadratic filters using inverting CCII

A voltage mode Tow Thomas bi‐quadratic filter using the inverting second‐generation current conveyor (ICCII) is given. The filter has high input impedance, employs two grounded capacitors, and has independent control on Q, independent control on the band‐pass and low‐pass response gain. Three alternative current mode filters are generated from the voltage mode circuit. The three circuits have zero input impedance, employ grounded capacitors and have independent control on Q. Two of the circuits have also all resistors grounded and the other uses only ICCII?and has only one floating resistor. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于三端等效电路模型的FB-ZVZCS变换器控制环路设计方法

为保证平均电流型控制方式下输出宽范围可调电源的全局稳定性,采用新型的三端等效电路模型对系统进行小信号建模,避免了传统平均模型不能预测次谐波振荡的问题。基于该模型给出了比例积分型电流补偿器的设计方法,获得良好的电流控制特性;分析了稳态工作点对系统控制环路设计的影响,给出了适合宽变工作点条件下电压外环的设计方法,在保证全局稳定性的同时,系统能获得更宽的控制带宽;利用该方法对一台最大电流4A、输出电压50~600 V连续可调的FB-ZVZCS变换器进行控制环路设计。实验结果表明,变换器在各稳态工作点具有良好的稳定性和动态特性,验证了设计方法的正确性。     

Overcurrent protection for distribution feeders with renewable generation

Distribution systems in Taiwan are typically radial type or normally open loop type. Distribution feeders have a simple protection system that usually employs overcurrent relays. When renewable generation (RG) is connected to the distribution feeder, the feeder changes from a single-source system to a complex multi-source system, which causes loss of the original coordination among feeder protection devices. The operation of RG units can cause protection failure. Fault current produced by RG units may reduce the current measured by the feeder relay. Therefore, this paper proposes connecting RGs to the feeder via four-way circuit switches with overcurrent relays, and dividing the feeder into several protection zones. Each protection zone is capable of isolating fault itself.The algorithm process and design procedure of overcurrent protection are also proposed for distribution feeders with RG. Results of this research provide a valuable reference for overcurrent protection that improved protection coordination and system reliability.