CVD涂层刀具高速铣削天然大理石磨损特性研究

通过设计正交试验方案,在不同的切削参数下进行CVD涂层刀具高速铣削天然大理石磨损试验。采用网格法估算刀具磨损面积,并分析单一切削参数变化对刀具磨损面积的影响规律;用显微镜观测刀具磨损表面,并对CVD涂层刀具高速铣削天然大理石磨损特性分析。实验结果表明:CVD涂层刀具高速铣削天然大理石过程中,刀具的磨损面积随着切削速度的增加而减小,随着进给速度和切削深度的增加而增加;刀具的主要磨损形态有:机械犁沟与崩刃、涂层与基体剥离、积屑瘤。     

TiN涂层对积屑瘤和表面粗糙度的影响

工业技术的发展,使得对零件表面质量的要求越来越高。对于钢类材料的精加工,特别是拉削和齿轮切削等,由于在生产常用的切削条件下,积屑瘤难以避免,导致零件的已加工表面质量常常难以令人满意。对于由主切削刃形成已加工表面的加工工艺,积屑瘤是影响表面粗糙度的主要因素。为了降低工件的表面粗糙度,人们往往着眼于合理选择刀具几何角度,切削用量和切削液,但是由于积屑瘤是被切削材料在刀具前刀面上冷焊粘结形成的,所以,要想有效地降低已加工表面粗糙度,必须从根本上改善前刀面上刀具与切屑之间的摩擦粘结状况,抑制或消除积屑     

钛合金TA15铣削刀具磨损机理研究

为研究已加工面对硬质合金铣刀回弹摩擦的影响,采用2种相同的刀具(不同切削宽度)在冷却液条件下对钛合金TA15进行切削加工试验,同时对比研究切削过程中刀具磨损形貌、磨损机理。通过试验研究表明,回弹摩擦对刀具磨损影响不大,2种刀具都出现粘钛、微崩刃、磨粒磨损等现象,但是出现时间存在明显差异。粘结磨损、磨粒磨损是刀具磨损主要磨损机理。粘结磨损、磨粒磨损是导致刀具微崩刃、崩刃主要原因。微崩刃、崩刃是刀具失效的主要原因。     

PCD和SCD刀具车削各向同性热解石墨时的性能对比

采用聚晶金刚石(PCD)刀具和单晶金刚石(SCD)刀具进行了各向同性热解石墨切削加工试验,对刀具磨损过程、磨损机理和表面加工质量进行了对比研究。通过对试验结果的研究分析表明:两种刀具的磨损主要发生在后刀面,且切削刃都出现了微崩刃。PCD刀具后刀面上形成了平行沟槽和严重磨损两种磨损形貌,SCD刀具后刀面上形成了平行沟槽和微细网状两种磨损形貌。PCD刀具的磨损机理主要磨粒磨损,SCD刀具的磨损机理则主要是解理磨损和磨粒磨损,切削过程中持续波动的切削力是造成两种刀具微崩刃的主要原因。虽然两种刀具的加工表面都存在不同程度的凹坑,但与PCD刀具相比,SCD刀具具有较好且稳定的加工性能。     

机械工件切削中积屑瘤问题的改善对策

在机械工件的切削过程中,被切金属层在切削刃和前刀面的作用下,受挤压而产生以剪切滑移变形为主的塑性变形,会有少量切屑分子粘结在车刀刀刃部位的边缘,从而产生坚硬的积屑瘤。因此,分析积屑瘤的产生机理、弊端以及影响积屑瘤产生的主要因素,提出了抑制和消除积屑瘤的对策,以提高机械工件的加工合格率。     

用金刚石端铣刀高速加工铝材

试验用设计的金刚石端铣刀进行了铝合金铣削试验,在常规的切削速度下用普通刀具加工零件,由于积屑瘤和毛刺的形成,往往引起刀具寿命短,加工表面质量差及切削刃质量差.在许多行业的铝合金加工技术中,较高的表面光洁度及切削刃质量很重要,也很需要.本试验的结果揭示出使用新设计的金刚石端铣刀高速切削铝合金,能加工出镜面表面,而不产生积屑瘤和毛刺.     

陶瓷刀具高速干切削等温淬火球铁(ADI)磨损性能研究

采用陶瓷刀具(CC650)对等温淬火球墨铸铁(以下简称AD I)进行干式高速切削试验,用带有X射线能谱分析的扫描电镜观察刀具表面的磨损形貌,并对刀具磨损微区和工件表面成分进行定性分析,用X射线衍射仪对刀具、工件和切屑等试样进行物相分析,研究高速切削时陶瓷刀具磨损性能及磨损机制。结果表明:切削速度是影响刀具寿命的主要因素;CC650刀具高速干切削AD I时形成的刀具主后刀面和前刀面的磨损形态基本类似中、低速条件下磨损形态,主要区别在其磨损区域紧靠切削刃,最大磨损部位位于切削刃附近;CC650刀具高速切削AD I时切削温度高,其磨损是机械磨损与化学磨损综合作用的结果,磨损机制主要包括磨料磨损、扩散磨损、粘结磨损和微崩。     

不同金属夹杂物对曲轴钢加工过程中刀具磨损及表面完整性的影响

研究了六种含有不同夹杂物曲轴钢的车削性能,开展了车削刀具磨损试验,并在线采集切削力,刀具后刀面磨损VB值和工件表面粗糙度每20min记录一次。通过扫描电镜和能谱仪对刀具磨损机理进行研究,同时用光学显微镜测量表面完整性。刀具磨损初期以磨粒磨损和涂层剥落为主;刀具进入稳定磨损阶段,出现崩刃和积屑瘤,崩刃引起的破损是刀具磨损加剧进而失效的主要原因。以氧化铝形式存在的铝夹杂物在车削中加剧了破损,使刀具寿命和表面完整性恶化。选用锰夹杂物作为固体润滑剂,延长了刀具寿命,提高了曲轴钢的切削性能。在曲轴钢的车削过程中,表面完整性与刀具磨损密切相关,刀具磨损越小,表面粗糙度越低,加工质量越好。     

TiAlN涂层硬质合金刀具铣削4J32低膨胀合金的磨损机理分析

采用国产TiAlN涂层硬质合金刀具,分别以切削速度50. 868m/min和99. 852m/min对4J32低膨胀合金进行单向顺铣侧铣切削。当材料表面粗糙度接近或达到1. 6μm时停止切削,利用扫描电子显微镜和X射线能谱仪观察硬质合金刀具的典型微观形貌,并分析其磨损机理。研究结果表明:TiAlN涂层硬质合金前刀面积屑瘤粘结严重,且伴有局部崩刃现象;当切削速度增大时,积屑瘤表面轮廓粗糙度加剧,局部会出现"花瓣状"和"云层状"切屑粘结物;刀具前刀面的磨损机理主要为扩散磨损、粘结磨损和氧化磨损,并伴有崩刃的破损机理;后刀面发生微量氧化磨损。     

氧化锆生物陶瓷铣削的刀具磨损

为了研究完全烧结氧化锆陶瓷铣削过程中金刚石刀具的磨损及其对切削过程的影响,进行了氧化锆铣削实验。分析了刀具磨损带的扩展过程以及切削力随刀具磨损过程的变化规律。通过观测切削表面微观形貌随刀具磨损过程的演变,对刀具磨损与切削模式之间的关系进行了探讨,最后揭示了刀具磨损机理。研究结果表明：铣削氧化锆陶瓷时刀具磨损随切削过程从刃口扩展到后刀面,同时切削模式从延脆混合去除转变为完全脆性去除,刀具磨损模式是崩刃、剥落及石墨化磨损。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.