岗梅与毛冬青的二维红外相关光谱鉴别研究

采用红外光谱法(FTIR)并结合二维相关光谱(Two-dimensionalInfrared CorrelationSpectrocopy)分析技术,对岗梅与毛冬青进行无损快速鉴别研究。岗梅与毛冬青皆为冬青属植物,其外形极其相似,加工成饮片后更易混淆,因此通过红外光谱对其进行无损快速鉴别研究。两种药材在一维谱上几乎没有显著差别,因此需要借助二阶导数谱和二维红外光谱对其进行进一步的研究。结果表明:通过岗梅与毛冬青的红外光谱并结合二维相关谱完全可以将其区别开来。该方法快速、准确,对中药的鉴别提供一种新的方法和手段。     

葡萄酒的红外光谱快速分析

运用一维红外光谱结合其二阶导数谱对5种不同类型的葡萄酒样品进行了快速分析。在葡萄酒的一维红外谱图上,干型和甜型葡萄酒的主要区别是酒精特征峰1 044和1 085 cm~(-1)处峰强度和峰位置的不同。在二阶导数谱上,细微差别被放大,1 250～950 cm~(-1)之间糖类特征峰变得明显,且随着含糖量的提高,1 158、1 131、1 107、1 065、1 014、992、965和921 cm~(-1)等位置糖类C-O键的特征峰的数量和强度亦相应增加。根据上述特征,可直接对葡萄酒进行定性和半定量的分析。结果表明,对于葡萄酒的分析鉴定,红外光谱是一种快速、直接、有效的方法。     

红外光谱信息管理系统

本文介绍了光谱数据库系统的程序设计思想和技术关键。数据库系统包含纯化合物红外光谱约9万张,高聚物红外光谱1.2万张,药品红外光谱1千张,以及核磁共振谱10万多张。可以按光谱编号、化学名、商品名、原子数、分子式进行查询,还能根据未知物光谱图的谱峰形状进行检索。结果得到未知化合物的相关信息及其标准谱图。     

野葛与粉葛的二维红外相关光谱鉴别

采用傅立叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱法并结合二维红外相关光谱(Two-dimensional Infrared Correlation Spectroscopy)分析技术,对野葛与粉葛进行无损快速鉴别研究。野葛和粉葛均为葛藤属植物,其外形极其相似,加工成粉末后更易混淆,但两种葛根的疗效并不完全相同,因此通过红外光谱法可对其进行无损快速鉴别研究。两种药材在一维红外光谱上略有差别,因此需要借助二阶导数光谱和二维红外光谱对其进行进一步的研究。结果表明,通过野葛与粉葛的红外光谱并结合二维相关光谱完全可以将其区别开来。该方法快速、准确,对中药的鉴别提供了一种新的方法和手段。     

壳聚糖席夫碱钯配合物的合成与表征

用水杨醛改性后的壳聚糖席夫碱与PdCl2反应得到壳聚糖席夫碱钯配合物.壳聚糖、壳聚糖席夫碱及其钯配合物用红外光谱(IR)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X-射线衍射光谱(XRD)、热分析(TG-DTA)以及荧光光谱等分析手段进行了表征分析,根据表征结果提出了壳聚糖席夫碱钯配合物的可能结构.     

栽培与野生丹参的红外光谱三级鉴定研究

红外三级鉴定法可以区别和鉴定栽培和野生丹参,红外三级鉴定包括普通红外光谱、二阶导数谱和二维红外相关光谱,并且表观分辨率逐渐提高。栽培与野生丹参一维谱图峰形相似度很高,只是吸收峰波数有一定的差异。二阶导数谱则可看到在1500~1180cm-1波段栽培丹参在1410cm-1处有单峰,而野生丹参则出现分叉峰,分别在1420cm-1、1406cm-1处。在1180~850cm-1波段,栽培丹参在993cm-1、872cm-1处有比较强的吸收峰,而野生丹参在1032cm-1处有比较强的吸收峰。二维红外相关光谱中差异更明显,在1170~860cm-1波段,野生丹参在950cm-1处有很强的自动峰,而栽培丹参在此没有吸收峰;1500~1170cm-1波段野生丹参的峰强度要较栽培丹参大,依据自动峰的不同可以很容易的分辨出栽培与野生丹参。红外三级鉴定方法是一种快速有效的鉴定中药材的方法。     

傅里叶变换红外光谱应用于难治性细菌性阴道病诊断研究

利用一维傅里叶变换红外光谱法及二维红外相关光谱法对难治性细菌性阴道病患者与正常妇女分泌物进行研究,探讨其一维、二维红外光谱特征及其差异,为快速诊断难治性细菌性阴道病提供依据。实验结果表明,病患者分泌物的一维红外光谱主要具有如下特征:与蛋白质、核酸、肽聚糖相关红外吸收峰的峰强比I3380/I1460和I1550/I1460,I1080/I1460,I1026/I1460明显升高,表明分泌物中蛋白质、核酸、壳聚糖的含量升高,而与脂类相关的I2925/I1460则低于正常值表明分泌物中脂类含量降低。此外,患者酰胺I带波数明显降低,显示其蛋白质二级结构组成与正常人的有明显差异;结合二阶导数光谱和二维红外光谱可以将患者与正常人的分泌物完全区分开来。初步研究表明,FT-IR有可能为快速诊断难治性细菌性阴道病提供一种新的方法和技术。     

用于电光定标的高性能光谱辐射计

美国圣巴巴拉红外公司已研制出一种可对电光测试站、光源及光学表面进行高精确度辐射定标的双波段红外光谱辐射计。这台型号为RAD-9000的红外光谱辐射计覆盖3μm～5μm和8μm～12μm两个谱段，其热灵敏度好于40mK，支持278K～373K的目标温度，光谱分辨率(D1／1)优于2％。该红外光谱辐射计由计算机进行控制。除了能提供高性能的相对辐射测量以外，     

FTIR光谱法定量分析微痕量气体苯系物

苯系物是室内空气污染的重要组成部分。本文采用傅立叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱技术研究苯系物的红外吸收光谱特征,确定了光谱分析时各组分的特征红外波长,采用美国热电子OMNIC Quant Pad分析软件建立了低浓度(0～5×10-6)苯系物(包括甲苯、邻、间、对二甲苯,苯乙烯,硝基苯)的定量分析方法和校准曲线数据库。将FTIR光谱法用于样品气的检测,结果表明,该方法具有较高的准确度和较好的应用推广前景。     

显微红外光谱技术及其在法庭科学中的应用

显微红外光谱技术包括高压金刚石池、红外显微镜与傅里叶变换红外光谱仪的联用技术,显微红外光谱技术可用于快速测定微量物质的高质量红外光谱。     

Near-field photothermal microspectroscopy for adult stem-cell identification and characterization

The identification of stem cells in adult tissue is a challenging problem in biomedicine. Currently, stem cells are identified by individual epitopes, which are generally tissue specific. The discovery of a stem-cell marker common to other adult tissue types could open avenues in the development of therapeutic stem-cell strategies. We report the use of the novel technique of Fourier transform infrared near-field photothermal microspectroscopy (FTIR–PTMS) for the characterization of stem cells, transit amplifying (TA) cells and terminally differentiated (TD) cells in the corneal epithelium. Principal component analysis (PCA) data demonstrate excellent discrimination of cell type by spectra. PCA in combination with linear discriminant analysis (PCA–LDA) shows that FTIR–PTMS very effectively discriminates between the three cell populations. Statistically significant differences above the 99% confidence level between IR spectra from stem cells and TA cells suggest that nucleic acid conformational changes are an important component of the differences between spectral data from the two cell types. FTIR–PTMS is a new addition to existing spectroscopy methods based on the concept of interfacing a conventional FTIR spectrometer with an atomic force microscope equipped with a near-field thermal sensing probe. FTIR-PTMS spectroscopy currently has spatial resolution that is similar to that of diffraction-limited optical detection FTIR spectroscopy techniques, but as a near-field probing technique has considerable potential for further improvement. Our work also suggests that FTIR–PTMS is potentially more sensitive than synchrotron radiation FTIR spectroscopy for some applications. Microspectroscopy techniques like FTIR–PTMS provide information about the entire molecular composition of cells, in contrast to epitope recognition that only considers the presence or absence of individual molecules. Our results with FTIR–PTMS on corneal stem cells are promising for the potential development of an IR spectral fingerprint for stem cells.     

基于远红外光谱技术的毒品光谱分析

傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)可以获取物质的远红外光谱,并根据其指纹特征光谱对未知样品进行鉴定。在真空条件下运用FTIR测试了可卡因、盐酸氯胺酮、大麻酚、海洛因以及吗啡等五种毒品标准品在远红外波段(30~350cm-1)的吸收光谱并对部分吸收峰进行了分析。实验结果表明,这五种毒品标准品在远红外波段内均有明显的特征吸收峰。研究结果可为建立毒品的远红外光谱数据库和实现毒品快速鉴别提供参考。     

川乌炮制前后二维红外相关光谱的分析研究

采用二维相关红外技术,并借助于变温过程所跟踪的动态光谱进行分析研究。生川乌和制川乌的一维谱图较相似,而二维红外相关谱则差别较大,在880cm 1和15 0 0cm 1波数范围内,生川乌只在115 0cm 1和10 80cm 1附近有较强的自动峰;而制川乌除在115 0cm 1和10 80cm 1附近有较强的自动峰外,并在12 2 0cm 1、12 4 0cm 1和14 2 0cm 1附近有更强的自动峰,而生川乌则相对较弱。因此,凭借二维红外相关谱上的自动峰和交叉峰可以较直观的鉴别生川乌和制川乌,而且还可以揭示其两者相应各官能团的变化规律。该法快速、准确,可为鉴别药材加工后结构的变化规律提供一种新的方法和手段     

SPECTRAL METHODS FOR HISTORICAL PAPER ANALYSIS: COMPOSITION AND AGE APPROXIMATION

The research has been focusing on some connection between the chemical composition of the papers obtained by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the nature of the fillers, determined by energy dispersion X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectroscopy. The present paper corroborates the FTIR and EDXRF results obtained for some historical papers from books of the XIX-th and XX-th centuries, from private collections. These analytical results allowed a first approximation of technological paper composition and of the age determination of the samples. This analytical method can elaborate some properly methods for paper documents preservation, taking into account the aging and degradation processes of the historical paper.     

基于太赫兹波谱的液体极性测量

太赫兹波能与极性液体的氢键发生强烈的共振吸收作用,分子极性越大,吸收作用越强。基于此特性,在0.2～1.0 THz波段利用太赫兹时域光谱技术对甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、正丁醇四种一元醇液体的极性进行检测研究。根据测量得到的四种液体太赫兹波谱数据,得出了液体的极性与其太赫兹波谱的关系式,再利用此关系式求得四种液体的计算值。通过对四种液体极性的标准值和计算值比对,验证了所得液体极性求取公式的有效性。研究结果表明,四种不同液体的时域光谱因分子的极性差异有显著的不同,所用的液体极性测量方法能够对液体的极性进行快速有效的检测与鉴别,可为其他液体极性的检测提供参考。     

Spectroscopic techniques as a diagnostic tool for early detection of osteoporosis

Osteoporosis (OP) a kind of bone disease, is very serious in particular for old persons, and may lead them to immobility and death. Early detection of the diseases is the first consideration for the patients to have more options to live a healthy life. The biomarkers or bonemarkers provide a promising challenge in clinical proteomics for early disease detection. In this paper, optical techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV/Visible spectroscopy are employed to find the bone markers and emphasis has been given on noninvasive modalities for early detection of osteoporosis. Blood plasma samples procured from two groups, patients and healthy persons were tested. Both of the optical techniques revealed obvious differences in the spectra; between two groups, for example, increase in intensity for OP persons. New peaks were found at 1646, 1540, 1456 and 1077 cm-1 in FTIR spectra. Except 1588 cm-1, we showed decrease in spectral intensity of OP persons. In UV/Visible spectroscopy results, new peaks appeared in the OP patients spectra at the wavelength of 279 nm and 414 nm. These differences in the spectra of the two types samples, allow rapid and cost-effective discrimination of the potential patients with the optical techniques which were verified by the bone densitometer in the hospitals. The new and novel technique is quick, reliable and effective.     

中药材黄连颗粒度对近红外光谱的影响

近红外漫反射光谱易受样品颗粒度的影响。本文对10种不同粒度的黄连的近红外光谱进行分析,讨论粒度对黄连的近红外光谱强度的影响。结果发现,小粒度黄连的近红外光谱的重现性较好。当黄连粒度小于0.154 mm时,粒度变化对黄连的近红外光谱强度的影响较小。     

Dielectric submicroscopic phase characterisation of engine oil dispersed in jet fuel based on on‐line dielectric spectroscopy

The dielectric submicroscopic phase (DSP) characterisation of oxidised engine oils dispersed in 3# jet fuel has been analysed by on‐line dielectric spectroscopy (DES) in order to establish the correlation between engine oil oxidation degradation degrees and its DSP characteristics. Seven samples with different oxidation degradation degrees called oxidation‐series samples prepared by simulation oxidation have been analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and their insoluble content values according to GB/T8296 have been obtained. A series of dispersion systems composed of 0.3 ml oxidation‐series samples as the dispersed substances and 3 ml 3# jet fuel as the corresponding dispersion mediums have been designed and tested by on‐line DES during the dispersion processes, which resulted in seven series of dispersion‐series samples. Significant DES differences between the 3# jet fuel dispersion mediums and the dispersion systems have been obtained. During the dispersion process, the significant trends including dielectric enhancement stages and dielectric weakening stages have been observed according to both the raw on‐line DES spectra and DES distances, which resulted from the dielectric inhomogeneity and could be regarded as the main DSP characteristics of dispersion systems. The fact that the DSP characteristics were significantly different from the interfacial polarisation characteristics of heterogeneous systems has been verified by the on‐line DES Cole–Cole plots. It has also been proved that there the DSP characteristics of dispersion systems were consistent with their oxidation degradation degrees. And good regression performance can be obtained from both the on‐line DES distances on the basis of partial least squares and on‐line DES spectral data on the basis of multilinear‐partial least squares for insoluble contents and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy oxidation peak areas. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.