一种多目标多约束优化设计的高效包络函数法

实际工程结构优化问题往往具有多个约束甚至多个目标,约束数目与目标数目的缩减对提高优化计算效率具有重要意义。利用包络函数可以使多约束、多目标优化问题转化为单目标、单约束优化问题,甚至可以使具有多个约束和多个目标的优化问题转化为具有单目标的无约束优化问题。提出k次方根包络函数,这种包络函数具有表达简捷、意义明确、方便易用的优点。大量结构优化应用实例证实,这种包络函数的有效性和优越性。     

基于遗传算法的仿生肌肉多目标优化控制研究

以动物肌肉结构和工作特性为模拟对象的仿生肌肉,其控制对象数量多,控制较为复杂。首先将仿生肌肉控制转化为多目标优化控制问题,将多目标函数合成为单一目标函数,以对该多目标优化问题进行求解;其次就遗传算法在该多目标优化求解问题中的应用进行了讨论;最后对由形状记忆合金构成的仿生肌肉进行仿真实验,结果表明仿生肌肉的多目标优化控制方法是一种有效的优化控制方法。     

基于耦合分析与加权满意度的机械系统多目标协同优化方法

针对机械系统优化中因设计变量耦合关联导致的优化结果可靠性问题,提出了基于加权满意度的耦合关联机械系统多目标协同优化方法。建立机械系统设计变量耦合关联模型,采用最大-最小满意度函数法,并考虑各子目标的相对权重,建立基于权重加权和的多目标协同优化评价函数,将多目标优化问题转变为单目标优化问题。以掩护式液压支架四连杆机构-结构多目标协同优化为对象的应用表明,提出的方法简化了耦合关联机械系统多目标优化求解的复杂度,而且提高了优化结果的可靠性。     

基于遗传算法的仿生肌肉多目标优化控制研究

以动物肌肉结构和工作特性为模拟对象的仿生肌肉,其控制对象数量多,控制较为复杂.首先将仿生肌肉控制转化为多目标优化控制问题,将多目标函数合成为单一目标函数,以对该多目标优化问题进行求解;其次就遗传算法在该多目标优化求解问题中的应用进行了讨论;最后对由形状记忆合金构成的仿生肌肉进行仿真实验,结果表明仿生肌肉的多目标优化控制方法是一种有效的优化控制方法.     

汽车喷漆批次重组建模与优化

焊接车间按车型组织生产,同一车型又有多种颜色。按焊接生产序列进行喷漆作业,必然导致油漆喷头的反复冲洗和频繁更换,不仅增大了生产成本,还加剧了环境污染。基于某汽车厂喷漆车间的作业现状,进行喷漆生产序列重构。采用混合整型线性规划方法,以油漆喷头更换次数最小化为目标,在缓存区入口和出口处分别建立了批次分离和批次合并的混合整型线性规划模型,并用GAMS/Cplex完成其求解。结果表明,利用该方法对车辆序列进行优化后,喷头更换和冲洗次数可减少约(68~92)%,年度可节约成本1088.64万元。     

基于纳什均衡博弈算法的指尖密封多目标优化

对多目标优化问题进行了介绍,将纳什均衡博弈算法应用至指尖密封问题进行多目标优化,进而得出理想结果,为指尖密封的多目标优化问题提供了一种新的解决方法。     

基于GABP和改进NSGA-Ⅱ的高速干切滚齿工艺参数多目标优化决策#br#

针对高速干切滚齿过程中的工艺参数优化决策问题,提出一种基于加工工艺样本预测和多目标遗传优化算法的工艺参数优化决策方法。基于实际加工工艺样本集,以改进的多目标遗传算法（improved NSGA-Ⅱ）为主体模型,以最大刀具寿命、最小加工能耗为优化目标,以加工质量、加工时间为约束条件,利用遗传反向传播算法（GABP）神经网络建立关于加工优化目标的预测模型,将其作为多目标优化模型的适应度函数;通过DBSCAN算法获取待优化滚齿工艺问题的相似样本集,建立多目标优化问题输入区间;构建面向待优化滚齿工艺问题的多目标优化模型,迭代搜索最优工艺参数集。     

多目标结构模糊优化的分层序列法

提出了多目标结构模糊优化的分层序列法,首先把原多目标模糊优化问题分解为一系列单目标（ 或多目标） 模糊优化子问题,该子问题用最大最小法求解。最后可以按着目标函数的重要程度给出原问题模糊最优解。最后用一个三杆桁架的最小重量与变形的模糊多目标优化设计问题证明了该方法的正确性     

基于代理模型的多目标优化方法及其在车身设计中的应用

正实际工程优化问题通常涉及多个目标,这些目标往往不能显式表达而要通过仿真计算来获取,这便在一定程度上加大了多目标优化求解的难度。多目标智能优化方法可以在不考虑问题具体特征的前提下进行优化解的搜寻,适用于处理实际工程问题,但受到进化规模和收敛速度的影响而需要较多次数的目标值计算,限制了在目标求解耗时的问题中的应用。常见的基于代理模型的多目标优化方法因能较好地处理效率问题而成为研究热点,但目前该类方法面临着求解精度较低的问题。鉴于此,本文针对基于代理模型的多目标优化方法展开了深入的研究,力求在快速、有效的算法本身及其在车身设计中的应用方     

离散多目标优化问题的研究

现有优化方法大多针对连续变量,用于离散变量优化的方法较少,尤其离散多目标问题的优化的方法更少。总结了离散多目标问题的优化方法,并指出了其发展趋势。     

Development of a capacity analysis and planning simulation model for semiconductor fabrication

Micro-machining has gained increased application to produce miniaturized parts in various industries. However, the uncut chip thickness in micro-machining is comparable to cutting edge radius. The relationship between the cutting edge radius and uncut chip thickness has been a subject matter of increasing interest. The acoustic emission (AE) signal can reflect the stress wave caused by the sudden release of the energy of the deformed materials. To improve the precision of machining system, determination of the minimum uncut chip thickness was investigated in this paper. The AE signal generated during micro-cutting experiments was used to analyze the chip formation in micro-end milling of Inconel 718. The finite element method (FEM) simulation was used to analyze the results of the experiments. The results showed that the cutting tool geometry and material properties affected the minimum uncut chip thickness. The estimation of the minimum uncut chip thickness based on AE signals can produce quite satisfactory results. The research on the minimum uncut chip thickness can provide theoretical basis for analysis of surface quality and optimal choice of cutting parameters.     

Optimal design of a tilling machine reduction gearbox using Matlab

This paper describes the optimal design of the reduction gearbox of a tillage machine. The minimum center diameter was selected as the objective, and the contact fatigue strength, bending fatigue strength, condition of nonintervention, and oil film thickness ratio of the gearbox were applied as constraint conditions. The optimal model was solved by a Matlab program. The results show that the center diameter of the reduction gearbox decreased by about 10%. The resulting decrease in weight and volume led to a reduction in the amount of gearbox material and a consequent decrease in production cost.     

在材料厚度临界值时封头设计厚度的选取

阐述了材料力学性能随板厚范围变化而变化的问题；举例说明当考虑封头加工成形减薄量而增加板厚时，在相同设计温度条件下，由于板厚的增加有些材料许用应力会相应降低，导致封头成形后的最小厚度不能满足强度要求。总结了当封头设计厚度处于相应材料厚度临界值时，设计人员应适当增加最小设计厚度、工艺人员应考虑尽量减小成形减薄量，以保证封头成形后的最小厚度仍能满足强度要求。     

考虑动力学因素的喷漆机器人喷枪路径优化

机器人在喷漆作业过程中大部分时间是在做路径相似的重复空间轨迹运动,对于一个特定的作业对象,喷枪的运动路径可能有不同的形式。本文针对平面工件表面的喷漆作业,建立了喷枪喷矩模型,然后基于漆膜厚度变化的方差最小,用遗传算法对喷枪运动路径的参数进行优化,由于运枪方向不同而得到两种路径方案,再从机器人的动力学角度出发,以使整个路径中最大关节力矩和最小为目标,对喷枪路径进行优选,以达到既保证喷漆质量又能使机器人关节驱动电机的负载最小的目的。     

Experimental Study of Central and Minimum Elastohydrodynamic Film Thickness by Colorimetric Interferometry Technique

Recently developed colorimetric interferometry technique was used for the study of both minimum and central film thicknesses for a wide range of operating parameters. Over 300 film thickness maps were obtained for the combination of four values of the materials parameter G, five values of the load parameter W and many values of the speed parameter U. The use of a spacer layer extended the range of film thickness measurement down to 5 nm. An excellent agreement was found between experimental values and data obtained from numerical solution presented by Venner and ten Napel, especially for thin lubrication films. An increase in a speed exponent with increasing material parameter G was observed for both central and minimum film thicknesses. The minimum film thickness and, thereby, the ratio between central and minimum film thickness was confirmed to be of a stronger dependence on material and load dimensionless parameters than Hamrock and Dowson equations predict.     

压电单晶梁发电机的能量效率

压电发电装置的能量转换效率主要取决于其结构形式、几何参数及材料性能等.为提高压电发电机的机电能量转换效率及其发电能力,利用欧拉一伯努利方法建立了发电装置的能量转换模型,研究了结构及参数等对压电发电机能量转换效率及发电能力的影响规律.结果表明,存在最佳厚度比(基板/总厚)可使发电机获得最大的能量转换效率和发电量;随杨氏模量比(基板/陶瓷)的增加,最佳厚度比降低,但效率提高.钼、铝基板发电机的最佳厚度比和效率分别为(O.4,2.74%)和(O.7,2.25%).此外,压电发电机的发电能力还与激励方式有关,恒力激励时存在的最佳杨氏模量比使产生的电量最多,恒位移激励时产生的电量随杨氏模量比的增加而增加.因此,设计时应根据激励方式确定基板的材料及合理的厚度比.     

喷漆机器人空气喷枪的新模型

针对实际生产中喷漆机器人空气喷枪喷雾的形状及其附着在平面工件表面形成椭圆形喷漆区域的情况,进行喷枪静止的喷涂试验,得到漆膜厚度测量数据。采用BP神经网络方法进行漆膜表面函数拟合,通过比较拟合后的x、y方向的不同断面上的漆膜分布曲线,提出一种新的椭圆形区域的漆膜厚度分布函数——椭圆双b 分布模型,采用遗传算法及最小二乘法对椭圆双b 分布模型进行数学拟合,求得其参数。以此模型对一个喷枪行程进行仿真,并与实际的单行程喷漆试验结果进行比较,验证了所建模型的正确性。给出该模型用于一般曲面喷涂时工件表面上任意点的漆膜厚度计算公式,以及喷漆机器人为了保持喷枪姿态需要的喷涂运动方程,为喷漆机器人采用离线编程技术提供一个更为实用的空气喷枪模型。     

数值模拟中应用最小厚度准则预测板料成形极限

在数值模拟中应用最小厚度作为成形极限判据,研究最小厚度值与应变路径的关系。如果对从单向拉伸到双向等拉之间的各种近似线性应变路径均应用相同最小厚度值作为判据,那么得到的极限应变点呈近似线性分布。对实验数据点与计算点的相对位置关系进行分析,发现两者之间的比值存在着近似指数函数的关系。对拉-压区和拉-拉区分别采用两段指数函数对最小厚度值进行修正,使其成为与应变路径相关的变量。采用修正后的最小厚度准则作为数值模拟中极限应变的判据,对ST14钢等三种材料成形极限的预测取得了较好的结果。     

Modeling of the minimum cutting thickness in micro cutting with consideration of the friction around the cutting zone

Friction modeling between the tool and the workpiece plays an important role in predicting the minimum cutting thickness during TC4 micro machining and finite element method (FEM) cutting simulation. In this study, a new three-region friction modeling is proposed to illustrate the material flow mechanism around the friction zone in micro cutting; estimate the stress distributions on the rake, edge, and clearance faces of the tool; and predict the stagnation point location and the minimum cutting thickness. The friction modeling is established by determining the distribution of normal and shear stress. Then, it is applied to calculate the stagnation point location on the edge face and predict the minimum cutting thickness. The stagnation point and the minimum cutting thickness are also observed and illustrated in the FEM simulation. Micro cutting experiments are conducted to validate the accuracy of the friction and the minimum cutting thickness modeling. Comparison results show that the proposed friction model illustrates the relationship between the normal and sheer stress on the tool surface, thereby validating the modeling method of the minimum cutting thickness in micro cutting.     

An experimental study of elastohydrodynamic central and minimum film thicknesses for various material parameters

A newly developed experimental technique, based on colorimetric interferometry, has allowed accurate measurement of central and minimum elastohydrodynamic (EHD) film thickness for a wide range of operating conditions. This study was aimed at determining the influence of various material parameters on central and minimum EHD film thicknesses. Obtained experimental data were compared with Hamrock and Dowson film thickness equations and a numerical solution presented by Venner. The results obtained confirmed that the ratio between the central and minimum film thicknesses changes significantly with both load and material parameters.