中子感生瞬发γ射线在线分析技术的进展(1988～2002)

对1988—2002年间中子感生瞬发γ射线在线分析(Neutron Induced Prompt Gamma—ray Analysis，NIPGA)技术的发展进行了叙述。目前分析技术已进入脉冲快热中子的非弹反应和俘获反应联合分析(Pulsed Fast—Thermal Neutrons Analysis，PFTNA)阶段。采用的中子发生器寿命已突破10000h，多道谱仪已发展成全数字化整体式现场用谱仪，HPGe探测器的相对探测效率达100％，常温高分辨的TeZnCd探测器已开始应用。在软件方面已采用蒙特卡罗—库最小二乘法解决了中子活化瞬发γ射线分析(Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis，PGNAA)中的非线性反转问题。     

蒙特卡罗方法在脉冲中子测井中的应用

利用蒙特卡罗中子-粒子输运程序(MCNP)分别模拟了不同脉冲宽度的脉冲中子源产生的中子与地层作用过程中,各种能量的中子和热中子的时间谱;利用不同孔隙度、矿化度、含水饱和度等条件下的热中子时间谱,分析得出储层的宏观俘获截面和孔隙度、矿化度以及饱和度的线性关系,为PNN(脉冲中子-中子)测井方法的理论研究提供了依据.     

蒙特卡罗方法在脉冲中子测井中的应用

利用蒙特卡罗中子-粒子输运程序(MCNP)分别模拟了不同脉冲宽度的脉冲中子源产生的中子与地层作用过程中，各种能量的中子和热中子的时间谱；利用不同孔隙度、矿化度、含水饱和度等条件下的热中子时间谱，分析得出储层的宏观俘获截面和孔隙度、矿化度以及饱和度的线性关系，为PNN(脉冲中子-中子)测井方法的理论研究提供了依据。     

EJ339A俘获门控中子探测器双脉冲特性

实验研究了俘获门控中子探测器EJ339A的双脉冲波形特性,利用波形采样器进行波形记录,分析双脉冲时间差和PSD(Pulse Shape Discrimination)脉冲形状甄别和脉冲幅度谱。实验测量了EJ339A探测器中子俘获时间约为0.44μs,同经验公式计算结果一致。数据分析表明,EJ339A俘获门控中子探测器对中子及伽玛射线的PSD甄别能力要弱于EJ301常规液闪探测器;通过分析PSD谱开窗后的中子和伽玛能谱,发现EJ339A能够分析n-p反冲脉冲和中子俘获脉冲的关联特性及入射中子能量信息,EJ339A探测器的中子探测效率和双脉冲测量效率较低。     

~(252)Cf裂变中子信号功率谱密度分析系统

在252Cf裂变中子信号的随机过程分析中,引入功率谱密度分析方法,利用脉冲时间序列采集器结合PC主控处理机,构建了一种针对252Cf裂变中子信号的功率谱密度分析系统。该系统采用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)和数字信号处理器(DSP)技术实现3通道中子脉冲时间序列的高精度在线检测;在PC机端对检测到的数据进行处理、相关计算、快速付里叶变换(FFT)及功率谱密度计算;设计并验证了简化的功率谱密度估计算法流程。系统能准确、高效地进行252Cf裂变中子信号检测,并得到相关函数、功率谱密度等主要特征参数。     

双液闪法测量微秒脉冲中子源参数技术研究

微秒脉冲中子源相对于纳秒脉冲中子源有相对高的脉冲中子产额,微秒脉冲中子源在核物理实验研究中有着较为广泛的应用,因此其脉冲参数的准确测量对于其有效应用有着重要意义.论文采用双液闪法测量了微秒脉冲中子参数,液闪探测器使用了直径5.08 cm的等高圆柱形的BC -501A探测器,测量得到了脉冲底宽分别为40、50和200μs的微秒脉冲的脉冲宽度、脉冲周期、脉冲中子产额等实验数据,该实验技术可供相关实验人员参考.     

低强度脉冲中子束的数字式n/γ分辨测量

针对低强度脉冲中子束测量,使用高速数字示波器作为数据采集设备,配合BC501A液体闪烁体探测器组建了数字式脉冲形状甄别(Digital Pulse Shape Discrimination,DPSD)测量系统,实现了中子的n/γ分辨测量。系统工作时采集并存储探测器输出的中子与γ射线的脉冲波形及其记录时刻,利用DPSD方法甄别中子实现了中子脉冲高度谱统计;系统具有连续记录和具备时间戳的采集窗记录两种工作方式以适应不同的脉冲中子束强度,并通过分析数据记录中脉冲波形的位置或时间戳,实现了中子事件的时间信息统计。使用该系统在Am-Be中子源上使用采集窗工作模式开展了实验,成功获得中子脉冲幅度谱、中子时间谱以及n/γ甄别谱。     

组合PIN探测器对γ、中子脉冲辐射补偿效果研究

提出了一种新的硅PIN探测器组合结构,使其适用于n、γ混合脉冲辐射场中脉冲中子的测量。分别利用三通道脉冲γ发生器和DPF脉冲中子发生器对组合PIN探测器的γ和中子辐射补偿效果进行了测量研究,实验结果表明组合PIN探测器的γ和中子辐射补偿效果均达97％以上。     

聚变脉冲中子源时间谱测量的非弹散射技术

介绍DT聚变反应产生的非单能的高能脉冲中子时间谱的一种测量技术——非弹散射法。利用安装在脉冲中子源附近的氧化铍(BeO)材料作为辐射转换体,测量DT聚变反应产生的高能脉冲中子与^16O的非弹散射(n,n’γ)过程中产生的γ辐射时间谱,实现对DT反应脉冲中子时间谱的测量。     

应用电流型脉冲技术精确测量ms级脉冲中子束时间谱的方法研究

概述了一类ms级脉冲中子束的产生背景、辐射特征及探测难点,提出了精确测量该类脉冲中子时间谱的电流型脉冲技术测量方法,在稳态X射线机上初步摸索了电流型脉冲计数方法用于聚变中子飞行时间谱测量的可行性;在西安脉冲反应堆上进行了电流型脉冲计数方法的模拟验证。结果表明:采用电流型脉冲技术测量ms级脉冲中子时间谱的精度最高可达ns级。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.