导热油加热技术及在焦化生产中的应用

介绍了导热油的种类、组成及性能特点,指出了选择导热油应考虑的主要因素和导热油加热系统的设计要点,结合导热油加热技术在蒸氨和精苯生产中的应用实例,提出该技术在焦化生产中具有广泛的应用前景。     

粗苯加氢工艺中导热油的应用

我公司粗苯加氢精制项目引进德国伍德公司的技术,以焦化粗苯为原料生产纯苯、甲苯等多种产品,工艺所需的热量由导热油系统提供。导热油系统关键部分是加热载体（导热油）和导热油炉。     

导热油换热技术在焦油蒸馏生产中的应用

简述了山西焦化集团有限公司30万t/a煤焦油加工中导热油换热工艺,分析了导热油系统在生产运行中存在的问题,通过将导热油换热与蒸汽加热、循环水冷却的年消耗进行比较,可知导热油换热技术在焦油蒸馏生产中具有较好的经济效益和环保效益。     

有机热载体加热系统的设计举措

导热油是一种良好的有机热载体传热介质。以导热油为热载体的间接供热技术,已在许多行业得到了日益广泛的应用。导热油具有较高的热容量和较低粘度,在常压下,导热油的初馏点比水的蒸发温度高数倍。在高温传热中用导热油代替水蒸气,就能以低压供热系统取代高压供热系     

高温合成导热油的研究进展

介绍了国内外导热油的发展过程及分类,详细比较了矿物型导热油与合成型导热油的各项性能。介绍了国内外高温合成导热油的研究进展及应用现状,并对各种牌号的技术特点及其应用领域进行了阐述。重点探讨了二苄基甲苯的新型合成分离提纯方法及性能优势。最后对国内外高温合成导热油的发展方向做了展望。     

油化行业导热油加热系统安全使用对策

简要分析了国内某公司"11·19"重大爆燃事故过程及原因,在此基础上结合目前国内油化行业使用导热油加热系统的安全现状,分析了导热油使用过程中发生安全事故的常见原因及对策,最后提出了导热油使用过程的防护措施,对从事油化行业的技术管理人员如何安全有效使用导热油具有一定的参考价值。     

油化行业导热油加热系统安全使用对策

简要回顾了山东新泰联合化工股份有限公司"11.19"重大爆燃事故过程及原因,在此基础上结合目前国内油化行业使用导热油加热系统的安全现状,分析了导热油使用过程中发生安全事故的常见原因及对策,最后提出了导热油使用过程的防护措施,对从事油化行业的技术管理人员如何安全有效使用导热油具有一定的参考价值。     

导热油结焦,清焦与求星新一代导热油

一、导热油结焦的机理 以往人们对导热油认识不足,认为导热油只要在一定温度下可长期使用不会结焦,或者认为导热油使用长时间后会变质,只需更换导热油,而在炉管上是不会结焦的等等。导热油会不会在炉管壁上结成焦,导热油使用一段时间后为什么会影响传热效果?这是近几年来导热油行业中讨论的焦点。导热油在热油炉中加热运行结焦主要分以下四个阶段形成。     

导热油在化工生产中的应用实践

导热油作为一种高效节能的传热介质,已被广泛应用于各类化工生产装置中。结合导热油在公司装置中的实际应用,详细介绍了导热油的使用特性、膨胀槽对导热油系统正常运行的作用、导热油系统的控制及操作要点、预防导热油变质的措施等内容,从而为导热油系统长期平稳运行、延长其使用寿命提供了参考和建议。     

燃生物质固硫型煤导热油炉的设计开发

讨论了生物质固硫型煤的生产工艺过程,包括煤料处理、生物质处理以及成型和型煤规格确定等。分析了燃生物质固硫型煤导热油炉的结构形式,探讨了方箱式炉体结构与管架式炉体结构的优缺点,给出了固定炉排和链条炉排两种燃烧方式的燃生物质固硫型煤导热油炉的技术性能参数,研究了导热油炉管内最高油膜温度的计算方法。最后,总结了燃生物质固硫型煤导热油炉的除尘脱硫的节能减排效果。     

高温合成导热油在涤纶短纤生产中的应用

着重介绍国内涤纶短纤生产中导热油使用现状,详尽比较了矿物型导热油与合成型导热油的各项性能,指出合成导热油在涤纶短纤中的应用将大势所趋。     

平板微热管阵列-泡沫铜复合结构相变蓄热装置蓄放热特性

相变蓄热技术是节能减排的一个重要手段,在太阳能利用、余热回收和电力削峰填谷等领域发挥重要的作用。设计了以平板微热管阵列-泡沫铜复合结构为基础,多孔扁管为载热流体通路,水为载热介质,石蜡为相变材料的热管式蓄热装置。通过实验研究了蓄放热过程中装置内部石蜡的温度分布情况,不同载热流体温度和流量下的蓄放热功率变化,以及装置蓄放热效率等特性。实验结果表明,平板微热管阵列-泡沫铜复合结构可以使箱体内石蜡温度分布更加均匀;增加载热流体和相变材料的温差以及增大流量都可以提高蓄放热功率。实验条件下,该装置的最大蓄热功率为1.24 kW,最大放热功率为1.43 kW。装置蓄热效率为92%,放热效率为94%,总效率为87.4%。     

Corrosion behavior of metallic alloys in molten chloride salts for thermal energy storage in concentrated solar power plants: A review

Recently, more and more attention is paid on applications of molten chlorides in concentrated solar power (CSP) plants as high-temperature thermal energy storage (TES) and heat transfer fluid (HTF) materials due to their high thermal stability limits and low prices, compared to the commercial TES/HTF materials in CSP-nitrate salt mixtures. A higher TES/HTF operating temperature leads to higher efficiency of thermal to electrical energy conversion of the power block in CSP, however causes additional challenges, particularly increased corrosiveness of metallic alloys used as containers and structural materials. Thus, it is essential to study corrosion behaviors and mechanisms of metallic alloys in molten chlorides at operating temperatures (500–800 °C) for realizing the commercial application of molten chlorides in CSP. The results of studies on hot corrosion of metallic alloys in molten chlorides are reviewed to understand their corrosion behaviors and mechanisms under various conditions (e.g., temperature, atmosphere). Emphasis has also been given on salt purification to reduce corrosive impurities in molten chlorides and development of electrochemical techniques to in-situ monitor corrosive impurities in molten chlorides, in order to efficiently control corrosion rates of metallic alloys in molten chlorides to meet the requirements of industrial applications.     

Dynamic Charging Performance of a Solar Latent Heat Storage Unit for Efficient Energy Utilization

The dynamic charging performance of a solar heat storage system involving a packed bed containing spherical capsules is studied. The dynamic charging process of the solar heat storage system is simulated according to the energy balance equations. Paraffin is used as the phase change material (PCM) and water is used as the heat transfer fluid (HTF). The temperatures of the PCM and HTF, melting fraction and solar heat storage capacity are illustrated and analyzed. The influences of inlet temperature, initial temperature and flow rate of HTF, and the porosity of the packed bed on the charging time and heat storage capacity during the heat storage process are also discussed.     

In situ synthesis of Pt nanoparticles in hyperbranched thin film for electrocatalytic reduction of dioxygen

Hyperbranched thin film (HTF) with amino and imino groups, which can accommodate PtCl₆²⁻, was synthesized with small organic molecules on gold substrate based on SN₂ displacement reaction. Platinum nanoparticles (Pt_NPs) were in situ synthesized by electrochemically reduction of precursors, PtCl₆²⁻, within HTF. The prepared films were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was confirmed that densely packed Pt_NPs were prepared with a narrow size distribution. EIS indicated that HTF inhibits electron transfer slightly while Pt nanoparticles in the HTF enhanced the electron-transfer ability greatly. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) indicated that HTF containing Pt_NPs exhibited a remarkable electrocatalytic activity for the electrochemical reduction of dioxygen. The quantity of Pt_NPs could be expediently controlled by the thickness of HTF. So the catalytic ability can be tailored correspondingly.     

Self-assembly of MXene-decorated stearic acid/ionic liquid phase change material emulsion for effective photo-thermal conversion and storage

As a typical latent functionally thermal fluid with large energy storage capacity and good liquidity, phase change material emulsion (PCME) plays a broad and important role in solar energy utilization. However, the high-temperature instability and supercooling problems of PCME limit its practical application. The ionic liquid (IL)-based PCME allows for the possibility of being used as a heat transfer fluid (HTF) under more extreme temperature conditions. In this work, stearic acid (SA)/IL PCME, prepared by one-step self-assembly of MXene nanosheets at the SA/IL interface, can effectively absorb and convert solar energy into thermal energy. Furthermore, MXene-decorated SA/IL PCMEs have good high-temperature stability, little supercooling degree (0.9–3.1 °C), and large energy storage capacity. The maximum apparent specific heat capacity and average absorbance of the MXene-decorated SA/IL PCME are 4.5 and 303.1 times higher than those of IL, respectively. Under 2 sun irradiation, the 0.05–20 wt% MXene-decorated SA/IL PCME achieves high photo-thermal conversion efficiencies (91.3% at 68.9 °C, 39.4% at 115.1 °C) due to its large energy storage capacity and excellent optical absorption property. The simple interfacial self-assembly provides a promising strategy to prepare high-performance SA/IL PCME used as a novel HTF for medium-temperature solar energy utilization systems.     

套管式相变储能单元的强化换热

利用数值模拟方法研究了四种相变储能单元的放热性能。储能单元包括：光管中填充石蜡、翅片管中填充石蜡、光管中填充石蜡/膨胀石墨复合相变材料、翅片管中填充石蜡/膨胀石墨复合相变材料。结果表明添加5%（质量分数）膨胀石墨的强化效果与设计翅片的强化效果相当,而强化效果最好的是同时采用上述两种强化换热措施。换热流体流量越大,强化换热措施对储能单元的放热性能影响越大。在换热流体流量为0.02 m·s^-1时,第四种储能单元的放热时间比第一种减少50%,同时有效温区内的温度最多可提高5 K。储能单元进口水温与相变储能材料熔点间温差越大,强化换热的作用越明显。强化换热的措施在换热流体流量大及换热温差大的储能单元中作用显著。     

导热油传热系统的清洗

本文着重介绍了所了解的国内外目前有关有机合成导热油以及矿物导热油系统的一些清洗方法。     

多熔点相变材料堆积蓄热床蓄热性能分析

对采用多种不同熔点相变材料（PCM）构成的堆积蓄热床进行了数值分析。热水作为换热流体（HTF）自上而下流经蓄热床,熔化相变材料、蓄积相变潜热。石蜡作为相变材料被注射入聚碳酸酯球壳内形成相变胶囊,根据熔点高低依次排放在蓄热床的不同位置,熔点越高距离热水进口越近。假定流场稳定,采用一维Schumann模型计算HTF温度,相变模拟采用显热容法。分别对两种排列方式下采用2种、3种以及4种相变材料的蓄热床的蓄热过程进行了基于热力学第一及第二定律的性能分析,并将结果与单相变材料蓄热床进行比较。基于热力学第一定律分析结果表明,采用多种相变材料构成的蓄热堆积床蓄热速度更快,能量效率更高。基于热力学第二定律分析表明,平均熔点更高的蓄热床能够储存更高的火用。结果表明采用多熔点相变材料构成的堆积蓄热床能够显著地缩短蓄热时间,改进蓄热性能。     

泡沫金属强化石蜡相变蓄热过程可视化实验

相变材料的低热导率是限制潜热蓄热广泛应用的重要原因。将相变材料石蜡真空条件下注入到泡沫金属铜内制备泡沫金属铜-石蜡复合相变材料,通过铜的高热导率及高孔隙材料的大面体比来强化相变换热过程。采用DSC示差扫描量热法对石蜡进行热物性测量获得准确的石蜡相变温度及相变潜热。以管壳式相变蓄热结构为对象,提取对称结构进行可视化设计,对比纯石蜡及泡沫金属铜-石蜡复合材料在相同运行条件下的相变过程,追踪二者熔化过程的相界面位置随时间的演化过程并布置热电偶准确测量材料内部的温度分布。结果显示加入泡沫金属后的复合材料的内部温差明显减小,温度分布均匀,蓄热热通量显著增大,有效缩短相变时间并缓解了自然对流造成的顶部过热和底部不熔化现象。