基于相移轮廓术的双采样运动物体三维重构EI北大核心CSCD

相移轮廓术因其高精度和高鲁棒性广泛应用于三维重构。由于需投射多幅条纹图到物体表面,相移轮廓术要求物体在重构过程中保持静止,导致运动物体的三维重构精度较低。文中提出了一种基于相移轮廓术的双采样运动物体三维重构方法。首先调整相机和投影仪时序,使投影仪投射一幅条纹图的同时,相机完成两次采集。然后分析物体运动对双采样条纹图的影响,并建立条纹描述方程。结合物体的运动信息,提取混合相移条纹图中的相位信息。最终对拍摄条纹图进行复用,提高运动物体的三维重构帧率。实验结果表明,该方法不仅可以精确重构运动物体,减少运动误差,还在投影速度受限的前提下提高了运动物体的三维重构帧率。     

条纹投影轮廓术系统模型与标定综述

条纹投影轮廓术能较好地兼顾系统灵活性与测量精度,是光学三维表面成像与测量的主流技术。利用条纹投影轮廓术进行三维成像,首先需要建立合适的系统模型,然后通过系统标定来确定描述模型的系统参数,最后利用标定的系统模型进行三维重建,获得物体的三维表面形貌。由此可见,系统标定与系统模型密不可分,对三维成像的性能有直接影响。根据相位-三维映射和双目立体视觉两类不同的工作原理,对条纹投影轮廓术的系统模型和系统标定方法进行了综述,并简要总结了评估系统精度的方法和依据。     

采用相位图拼接的傅立叶变换轮廓术

针对在傅立叶变换轮廓术中,由于物体表面的阴影或突变而造成条纹的断裂或错位,从而影响物体三维面形重建的问题,提出了一种采用相位图拼接的傅立叶变换轮廓术。在同一参考平面上转动物体获得不同方位的变形条纹图像,由阴影或突变所造成的截断或错位条纹分布在变形条纹图的不同部位,相位值不可靠的点也分布在相位图的不同区域,对旋转前后重建物体在信息可靠区域内进行标记拼接,恢复物体表面完整的三维信息。实验证实了此方法的有效性及实用性。     

π相移技术在钢轨三维面型复原中应用效果分析

在傅里叶变换轮廓术(FTP)中,频谱中的基频分量包含物体的高度信息,基频分量的提取效果对物体三维形貌复原的精度有重要影响。通过π相移技术可以消除背景分量,即零频部分,从而能更好地提取出基频分量,减小测量误差。文中通过计算机仿真对含有噪声的光栅条纹图像进行三维恢复,证实了π相移技术对提高FTP测量精度的作用。并将该方法应用于钢轨表面轮廓的三维复原和测量,为钢轨磨耗和表面缺陷的测量提供有效方法。     

复合相位测量轮廓术研究

最近提出了一种只投影一幅复合光栅就可测量物体三维面形的复合相位测量轮廓术（CPMP）,其中复合光栅是由四个不同频率的载频分别调制与其方向垂直的四帧相移条纹并叠加形成的。本文对CPMP在理论及实验上进行了进一步的研究,并将之与相位测量轮廓术（PMP）进行了比较分析。结果表明对于高度连续变化的物体的动态测量,CPMP具有较大的应用前景。这对于复合相位测量轮廓术的进一步应用具有实际指导意义。     

基于调制度测量轮廓术的测量系统研究

调制度测量轮廓术可以实现对物体的垂直测量 ,特别适合于探测表面有高度剧烈变化或不连续区域的物体 ,研究实用的基于调制度测量轮廓术的测量系统对三维传感和机器视觉有重要意义。本文从调制度测量轮廓术的原理出发 ,分析了获取条纹调制度信息的原理 ,提出了两种易于实现仪器化的垂直扫描方法 ,提出了调制度测量轮廓术的实验系统设计方法和步骤 ,给出了模拟实验结果。本文的工作对调制度测量轮廓术的实验设计和实用化有重要的意义     

采用反相位线性结构光栅编码的相移测量三维轮廓术

研究了一种线性周期编码光栅的三维轮廓术,其中采用了两个相位相反的线性周期变化的光栅光场和一个均匀光场,对被测物体进行三次采样。在获得物轮廓的同时,又获得了物体的表面纹理。当背影光很暗时,经过两次采样即可获得物体的三维轮廓。通过理论分析,采用相位相反的线性周期光栅光场与相位相差１／２周期的线笥周期光栅光场相比,检测粗度可以提高近１倍。     

结构光三维成像技术

近年来,结构光三维成像技术被深入研究和广泛应用,通常采用的技术方案是投影一个载频条纹到被测物体表面,利用成像设备从另一个角度记录受被测物体高度调制的变形条纹图像,再从获取的变形条纹图中数字解调重建出被测物体的三维数字像。与全息三维成像对应,结构光三维成像过程也是两步成像过程,先获取物体被结构光条纹调制的二维图像,再从包含变形条纹的二维像中通过数字重建方法得到物体的三维数字像。主要回顾了本课题组在基于结构光三维成像技术研究中的进展,讨论了基于傅里叶条纹分析、相移条纹分析和动态过程三维成像的方法,给出了相关应用的实验结果,分析了结构光三维成像的特点以及该领域今后的发展动向。     

条纹投影动态三维表面成像技术综述

对条纹投影动态三维表面成像技术进行了总结,分析了典型方案的特点。首先介绍了该技术的基本原理,包括系统基本结构、三维表面成像原理及相移法和傅立叶变换法这两种典型的相位提取方法。接着介绍了动态成像方案,包括高速投影方案和采用速度相对低的相机进行动态三维表面成像的方案。然后介绍了动态三维成像中绝对相位获取方法,主要是模拟和数字编码法及区域统计特性编码法。最后介绍了高精度动态相位测量方案。     

用液晶光阀实现大尺寸物体光学三维轮廓测量

提出一种用液晶光阀把计算机模拟正弦分布且具有一定榴移量的多幅干涉条纹投影到三维物体上，通过CCD采集被物体调制的变形条纹，在同一位置用计算机窗口来控制相移，实现对物体的光学位相三维轮廓测量，同时针对测量系统误差进行分析和讨论。     

动态过程中破裂表面的三维重建

在冲击、爆轰等动态过程的研究中,被测三维表面将发生破裂及碎片飞散等过程,为动态过程的三维重建带来困难。针对此问题提出了一种动态过程中破裂表面的三维重建方法,这种方法以傅里叶变换轮廓术为基础,利用条纹图中裂缝的信息,生成一个三维二元控制模板,在该模板的控制下进行三维相位展开。以玻璃破裂过程的三维重建实验为例,处理结果证实了该方法的可行性。该方法可用于材料变形、爆轰过程、碰撞变形等相关领域的动态过程研究,对于深入分析冲击与爆轰过程、材料变形与破坏机理、碎片飞散规律等具有重要意义。     

2—D Fourier Transform Method for Optical Measurement of 3—D Surface

A emthod of 2-D Fourier transform used in 3-D surface profilometry is proposed,analyzed and compared with 1-D Fourier transform method in theory and practical measuring result.It was proved that the 2-D Fourier transform method has more advantages over 1-D Fourier transform methodd in biggest crook-rate limits,accuracy and sensitivity of measuring.Styudy on measuring object surface details with large crook-rate changing accurately used new higher-power index low-pass filter of spatial frequency domain.A new method of automatic produced reference grating image and error-correcting is proposed.One undeform row of deform grating image is used to extend a complete reference grating image,and some error-correcting method is used to process the result to get accurate surface shape and the deflection of reference surface normal line deviated from the axle of camera.By this new method,one deform rectangle grating image is only used to get the 3-D shape accurately.     

数字全息中利用图像拼接测量大物体的三维形貌

为扩大数字全息的测量视场,使数字全息可以应用于大物体三维形貌的测量,利用菲涅耳离轴数字全息,让照明光依次照明物体的各个区域并分别记录全息图,利用精密电控旋转台精确控制参考光的入射角以保证每次记录时物参角不变,通过参考光入射角的变化量确定物体不同被照明区域之间的位置关系,对获得的物体去包裹的相位图进行拼接,进而得到整个物体的三维形貌.利用该方法测量了大小为11 cm×19 cm的石膏嘴的三维形貌,图像拼接的绝对拼接误差远小于1.14 mm,高度测量误差约为0.5 mm,实验结果说明这种测量方法能够有效地扩大数字全息测量物体三维形貌的视场并且具有和横向分辨率相当的拼接精度.     

三维面形测量中小波变换和傅里叶变换的对比研究

傅里叶变换轮廓术（Fourier transform profilometry,简称FTP）进行三维面形测量时,若无频谱混叠,可以得到很好的测量效果。但由于FTP是全局变换,频域内丢失了空间信息。当被测物体形状复杂或被噪声严重污染时,频域中频谱分布展宽,可能发生频谱混叠,导致基频分量提取不完整,从而不能正确地恢复出被测物体。本文利用小波具有的局部分析能力和噪声抑制能力,采用小波变换的方法（Continuous Wavelet Transform,简称CWT）从混叠条纹和噪声条纹中提取出完整的基频分量。我们采用Morlet复小波函数对变形光栅条纹进行处理,详细研究了CWT和FTP两种方法在不同情况下的优缺点,并通过计算机模拟和实验证实理论分析的正确性。     

Subpixel Target Location Techniques for 3—D Coordinate Measuring System

The close photogrammetric 3-D coordinate meaurement is a new measuring technology in the fields of the coordinate measurement machine (CMM) in recent yearsl.In this method,we usually place some targets on the measured object and take image of targets to determine the object coordinate.The subpixel location of target image plays an important role in high accuracy 3-D coordinate measuring procedure,In this paper,some subpixel location methods are reviewed and some factors which affect location precision are analyzed. Then we propose bilinear interpolation centroid algorithm.The experiments have shown this algorithm can improve accuracy of target centroid by increasing available pixels.     

Three-dimensional surface reconstruction using optical flow formedical imaging

The recovery of a three-dimensional (3-D) model from a sequence of two-dimensional (2-D) images is very useful in medical image analysis. Image sequences obtained from the relative motion between the object and the camera or the scanner contain more 3-D information than a single image. Methods to visualize the computed tomograms can be divided into two approaches: the surface rendering approach and the volume rendering approach. In this paper, a new surface rendering method using optical flow is proposed. Optical flow is the apparent motion in the image plane produced by the projection of real 3-D motion onto the 2-D image. The 3-D motion of an object can be recovered from the optical-flow field using additional constraints. By extracting the surface information from 3-D motion, it is possible to obtain an accurate 3-D model of the object. Both synthetic and real image sequences have been used to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method. The experimental results suggest that the proposed method is suitable for the reconstruction of 3-D models from ultrasound medical images as well as other computed tomograms     

Background removal of multiview images by learning shape priors.

Image-based rendering has been successfully used to display 3-D objects for many applications. A well-known example is the object movie, which is an image-based 3-D object composed of a collection of 2-D images taken from many different viewpoints of a 3-D object. In order to integrate image-based 3-D objects into a chosen scene (e.g., a panorama), one has to meet a hard challenge--to efficiently and effectively remove the background from the foreground object. This problem is referred to as multiview images (MVIs) segmentation. Another task requires MVI segmentation is image-based 3-D reconstruction using multiview images. In this paper, we propose a new method for segmenting MVI, which integrates some useful algorithms, including the well-known graph-cut image segmentation and volumetric graph-cut. The main idea is to incorporate the shape prior into the image segmentation process. The shape prior introduced into every image of the MVI is extracted from the 3-D model reconstructed by using the volumetric graph cuts algorithm. Here, the constraint obtained from the discrete medial axis is adopted to improve the reconstruction algorithm. The proposed MVI segmentation process requires only a small amount of user intervention, which is to select a subset of acceptable segmentations of the MVI after the initial segmentation process. According to our experiments, the proposed method can provide not only good MVI segmentation, but also provide acceptable 3-D reconstructed models for certain less-demanding applications.     

实时全息图的自动计算

用Ａｒ激光器作光源，光导热塑料作记录介质ＣＣＤ－－微机系统作探测器，从理论和实验上研究了三个干涉图法的实时全息图的自动计算。该工作不但可以再现被测物体变形的二维等高线，也可以现现其三维变形表面，从而实现变形物体的三维测量，作为实例，测量了压力鼓的变形。     

基于双目立体视觉测量原理的物体运动速度测量

采用双目立体视觉测量系统进行炮弹速度的测量, 实现一种利用无速度测量因素测量设备测速的新方法。选择合适参数的两 台摄像机获得被测物体清晰的像,将两台摄像机搭建成光轴平行的双目视觉测量 系统,获得炮弹在运行过程中的每一时刻的三维轮廓数据,根据获得的三维数据进 行空间位置节点的三维插值,得到炮弹在t时间段内运行的距离,并求取平均 速度。仿真实验结果表明,本文方法可以准确、快速利用无速度测量因素的测量 设备获得炮弹的运行速度。     

Three-dimensional blind deconvolution of SPECT images

Thanks to its ability to yield functionally rather than anatomically-based information, the three-dimensional (3-D) SPECT imagery technique has become a great help in the diagnostic of cerebrovascular diseases. Nevertheless, due to the imaging process, the 3-D single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images are very blurred and, consequently, their interpretation by the clinician is often difficult and subjective. In order to improve the resolution of these 3-D images and then to facilitate their interpretation, we propose herein to extend a recent image blind deconvolution technique (called the nonnegativity support constraint-recursive inverse filtering deconvolution method) in order to improve both the spatial and the interslice resolution of SPECT volumes. This technique requires a preliminary step in order to find the support of the object to be restored. In this paper, we propose to solve this problem with an unsupervised 3-D Markovian segmentation technique. This method has been successfully tested on numerous real and simulated brain SPECT volumes, yielding very promising restoration results.