高光谱图像波段子集模糊积分融合异常检测

针对高光谱图像中背景及目标先验知识未知条件下的异常目标检测问题,该文给出一种基于高相关性波段子集分割的模糊积分低概率目标检测融合算法。依据高光谱图像数据的波段相关性将原始高光谱数据分割为若干连续波段子集;利用非参核密度估计得到原假设下各波段子集数据RX检测器输出的概率密度函数,构造出非参隶属度映射函数;利用数据光谱维的特征值定义目标信号噪声能量比(TNER),衡量各波段子集信源检测结果的重要程度;最后,通过Sugeno模糊积分实现波段子集检测结果的决策级融合。使用可见光/近红外波段OMIS-I高光谱图像进行了实验,实验结果证明了算法的有效性。     

基于混合噪声估计的高光谱图像异常检测方法

随着光谱分辨率越来越高,高光谱图像更容易受到噪声的干扰,直接用传统的检测算子会产生较高的虚警。针对RX算法存在较大噪声干扰的问题,提出了一种基于混合噪声评估的RX异常检测方法。首先对高光谱图像进行分块,利用滤波的思想选取均匀图像块;考虑图像光谱-空间信息,运用多元线性回归分析对均匀图像块进行混合噪声评估;然后将高光谱图像和混合噪声进行作差,消除噪声的干扰;最后运用RX算子进行异常检测。实验结果表明,该方法达到了消除噪声的效果,与RX和MNF-RX算法相比具有更好的目标检测性能。     

基于背景残差数据的高光谱图像异常检测算法

针对高光谱图像微小目标检测中存在的严重背景干扰问题,提出了一种基于背景残差数据的非线性异常检测算法.首先利用提取的背景光谱端元对图像各像元进行光谱解混,实现了目标信息和复杂背景信息的分离;接着将含有丰富目标信息的解混残差数据非线性映射到高维特征空间,可以充分挖掘高光谱图像波段间隐含的非线性信息,并在特征空间利用RX算子完成目标的检测,从而在抑制大概率背景信息的基础上有效地利用了高光谱图像波段间的非线性统计特性.为了验证算法的有效性,利用真实的AVIRIS数据进行了实验研究,并与经典RX算法、未抑制背景的特征空间核RX算法的检测结果相比较,结果表明基于背景残差数据的检测算法具有良好的检测性能和较低的虚警,且运算复杂度较低.     

利用背景残差数据检测高光谱图像异常

针对高光谱图像微小目标检测中存在的严重背景干扰问题,提出了一种基于背景残差数据的非线性异常检测算法.首先利用提取的背景光谱端元对图像各像元进行光谱解混,实现了目标信息和复杂背景信息的分离;接着将含有丰富目标信息的解混残差数据非线性映射到高维特征空间,可以充分挖掘高光谱图像波段间隐含的非线性信息,并在特征空间利用RX算子完成目标的检测,从而在抑制大概率背景信息的基础上有效地利用了高光谱图像波段间的非线性统计特性.为了验证算法的有效性,利用真实的AVIRIS数据进行了实验研究,并与经典RX算法、未抑制背景的特征空间核RX算法的检测结果相比较,结果表明基于背景残差数据的检测算法具有良好的检测性能和较低的虚警,且运算复杂度较低.     

核加权RX高光谱图像异常检测算法

提出了一种新的基于混合核函数的加权RX算法,用于高光谱图像异常检测.在将原始高光谱数据非线性映射到高维特征空间以挖掘高光谱图像波段间蕴含的非线性信息后,自适应地赋予特征空间RX算子中采样协方差矩阵各光谱向量相应的权值.权值的大小与光谱向量到质心的距离成反比,从而削减了协方差矩阵中异常数据比重,使加权协方差矩阵更好地表征背景数据分布.最后利用核函数性质将高维特征空间的内积运算转化为低维输入空间的核函数计算,并根据高光谱数据特点线性组合新型光谱核函数和径向基核函数以改善算法性能.为验证算法的有效性,利用真实的高光谱数据进行了仿真实验,结果表明该算法优于特征空间的RX算法,能检测到更多的异常目标.     

基于Fukunaga-Koontz变换的高光谱图像异常检测

高光谱图像异常检测算法通常是基于数据变换,在新的特征空间中进行的.针对WDEST算法没有使得异常目标和背景在新的特征空间中有较好的分离,提出了一种基于Fukunaga-Koontz(FKT)变换的高光谱图像异常检测算法.该算法利用FKT对高光谱图像局部窗口中数据进行变换,使得在新的特征空间中异常目标和背景有相同的特征向量和互补的特征值,较之WDEST算法得到了更好的分离,在有效提高检测概率的同时降低了虚警概率;经与RX算法比较表明,该算法对于较大异常有更好的适应性,并用真实数据进行实验证明了算法的有效性.     

一种基于多传感器多级信息融合的红外目标检测方法

针对远距离低信噪比条件下目标检测难的实际问题,该文提出一种基于多传感器多级信息融合的目标检测方法。该算法包括两个部分:特征级融合和决策级融合。在特征级融合阶段,首先提取双波段红外图像的各个特征图像;然后,采用自适应加权方法对所得到的特征图像进行融合,得到目标判决置信图;最后根据置信度最大规则对置信图进行目标位置搜索,得到各级目标判决结果。在决策级融合阶段,对各级目标判决结果采用组合逻辑进行融合,得到系统的目标检测输出。实验结果显示了该算法的有效性。     

RX及其变种在高光谱图像中的异常检测

为了提高核RX算法在高光谱图像异常检测中的稳定性,将核矩阵正则化,并提出正则化的核RX算法(rkRX)。将规范化后的正则化RX算法和正则化的核RX算法融合改进,称为融合RX算法(mRX),该算法同时考虑了原始线性空间和高维特征空间的异常检测结果,使异常检测效果更加稳定。在仿真图像和真实高光谱图像的实验中,上述2种算法与原始的RX、正则化RX(rRX)和核RX(kRX)3种算法进行了比较,使用了双窗口技术和核主成分分析(KPCA)进行特征提取和基于高阶统计量的特征选择作为预处理来降低数据维数,并在未降维数据上比较上述5种算法。最后,使用ROC曲线评价检测效果,结果表明:提出的2种算法提高了检测效果并具有一定鲁棒性。     

基于光谱角背景纯化的高光谱异常检测算法

为了解决利用高光谱图像进行异常检测时结果不准确、虚警率较高的问题,提出了一种基于光谱角背景纯化的异常检测算法。该算法以局部RX算法为基础,根据光谱角距离分离出内外窗口间背景像元中的异常成分,得到纯化后的背景像元,然后进行异常检测。为验证算法的有效性,选取了两组机载可见光/红外光成像光谱仪真实高光谱数据进行仿真实验,并与经典的全局RX、局部RX算法进行对比。结果表明,与局部RX算法相比,该算法在两组数据下的曲线下面积分别提高了0.0317和0.0053。这些结果为下一步的研究方向提供了参考。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks