白天观星红外星图噪声抑制算法

单点噪声和条纹非均匀性噪声是白天观星红外星图中的两种典型噪声,严重影响了星图识别的后续处理。针对两种噪声产生的原因和特点,提出改进的单点噪声去噪算法,即用局部窗口遍历扫描全图检测出单点噪声,然后用全局均值进行补偿;又提出列直方图偏移校正算法去除条纹非均匀性噪声,即依据列偏移校正模型,对每列直方图相对于全局直方图的峰值位置偏移进行校正。实验结果表明:所提出的噪声抑制算法对红外星图去噪效果良好,星点目标峰值信噪比可从7.4提高到12.8,并且算法计算简单,可以在单帧时间内完成,满足星图实时预处理的应用要求。     

中值直方图均衡的单帧红外图像非均匀校正算法

为了实现红外图像的自适应校正,利用红外焦平面的非均匀性成列分布的特性,提出了一种针对红外图像进行非均匀校正的新方法。新算法统计图像每列的直方图,对列局部的直方图进行排序,得到局部直方图的中值,然后对中值直方图进行均衡,通过均衡直方图灰度映射得到校正后的图像。算法实现不需要任何运动补偿或累加计算,在单帧图像内完成非均匀校正。实际应用证明,与同类自适应校正算法相比,该算法具有校正精度高、速度快、抑制目标退化能力强的优点。     

红外焦平面阵列条纹非均匀性校正方法

条纹非均匀性是线扫红外焦平面阵列和非制冷凝视型红外焦平面阵列成像系统中一种特殊的固定图案噪声。提出了一种基于实际场景和非均匀性分离的模型方法,能够在单帧内实现条纹非均匀性的校正。通过局部窗口模版遍历相邻列的误差函数,得到其非均匀性校正参数估计,并依据相邻两帧相关性的继承性,完成条纹非均匀性的校正。通过对模拟条纹非均匀性和实际图像的实验和理论分析,结果表明,文中算法能够显著提高条纹非均匀性校正效果。     

一种基于大视场红外图像的非均匀性校正算法

研究了行扫体制热像仪获取的大视场红外图像非均匀性校正的处理方法。首先分析了大视场下全局校正算法的局限性,然后提出了对大视场图像分块处理的想法,通过分块图像获取补偿参数来对非均匀性进行校正。最后通过实验证明了该算法能够在单帧情况下有效弱化条纹噪声,改善图像非均匀性。     

改进的单幅红外图像局部自适应非均匀校正

为了实现对单幅红外图像的非均匀性校正并且对局部细节的校正效果进行优化,提出了一种局部自适应的非均匀校正算法。算法利用红外焦平面阵列的固定图像噪声呈单方向分布的特性,采用基于高斯权重思想的中值直方图非均匀算法实现红外图像的单参数校正;然后将图像分块,使图像的各局部都能够自适应地选择各自最合适的校正参数,达到优化细节的校正效果。实验结果及分析表明:与单参数中值直方图非均匀校正算法相比,提出的算法在均方根误差、峰值信噪比、图像平滑性等方面都得到了进一步的改善,并且保留了更多的图像细节,为非均匀校正提供了一种方法。     

红外探测器非均匀性校正系统研制

分析了红外焦平面阵列（IRFPA）基于定标的非均匀性校正算法和基于场景的非均匀性校正算法的优势和不足。针对红外焦平面阵列二元非线性的非均匀性理论模型这一特点,提出了一种基于S曲线拟合的校正算法。利用FLIR公司的长波非制冷红外探测器进行信号采集,建立了焦平面探测元的响应模型。描述了基于FLIR长波非制冷红外探测器在FPGA平台的处理流程,并实现了S曲线校正算法,提高了红外图像的质量。实验表明,经过S曲线拟合校正处理,减弱了红外图像的条纹噪声,使IRFPA组件的非均匀性从6.45%降低至2.06%。     

微分约束法红外条纹非均匀校正

红外成像过程中常出现条纹非均匀性噪声,基于场景的校正方法可以有效地减少条纹噪声的影响。本文提出了一种基于微分约束条纹非均匀噪声校正方法。首先分析了红外图像条纹非均匀噪声的灰度分布特性,根据图像在水平及竖直方向梯度的差异建模并构造惩罚函数;通过引入权重函数,对惩罚函数进行最优化推导求解得到校正图像。通过真实场景的实验,对校正结果的主客观分析表明本文方法较对比方法有所提升,对于图像的细节和边缘的破坏程度较小,同时本文方法运行更快并实现了硬件化测试。     

基于小波变换直方图规定的非均匀性校正算法

为了实现红外探测器的自适应校正,提出了一种基于小波变换的中值直方图规定非均匀性自适应校正方法。新算法利用正交小波变换分解图像,分别统计分解后图像像素的时域直方图,对像素邻域直方图进行排序得到中值,利用中值直方图灰度映射得到校正图像,最后把所有尺度校正后的图像反变换得到最终结果。实际应用证明,与同类自适应非均匀校正算法相比,该算法具有校正精度高、速度快的优点。     

基于双边滤波器的红外图像条纹噪声消除算法

提出了一种新的消除红外图像中条纹噪声的方法。由于红外焦平面阵列中每列读出电路的偏置电压不同,导致红外图像中有明显的条纹状噪声。分析了读出电路偏置电压不均匀对红外成像的影响,提出了利用双边滤波器估计读出电路偏置电压的方法,并使用估计的偏置电压校正红外图像。基于实际红外图像的实验结果表明,提出的算法能够显著地消除红外图像中的条纹噪声。     

一种降低高灵敏度热红外成像条纹噪声的方法

高灵敏度热红外成像系统的灵敏度是最重要的指标。经过简单非均匀性校正的红外图像已不能满足高灵敏度场合的需要,需要后续对红外图像条纹噪声进行处理,以提高红外图像的灵敏度水平。为了进一步提高热红外成像系统的应用效果,全面分析了系统的图像噪声模型,提出并实施了一种基于硬件系统的条纹噪声去除方法,通过一套自行研制的制冷型热红外成像系统的实测数据实际验证了提出方法的实际效果,由非均匀性噪声引起的NETD从26 m K降到19 m K。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.