联合高效(低温)等压氨回收装置的设计及使用

针对传统等压氨回收和冰机制冷氨回收及无动力氨回收存在的缺点,在第二代等压氨回收装置的基础上,开发了第三代等压氨回收装置,运行表明,效果良好。     

能量回收装置在海水纳滤脱盐系统中的应用分析

纳滤膜分离技术对2价离子的独特分离功能,使其在海水淡化脱盐、水软化处理等领域具有广泛的市场应用。针对实际工程中海水纳滤脱盐系统的节能需求,建立了"纳滤+能量回收"耦合工艺流程;研究分析了自主开发的能量回收装置产品与纳滤脱盐系统的耦合运行特性,及能量回收装置对系统运行能耗降低的实际贡献率。结果表明,自主开发的能量回收装置与海水纳滤脱盐系统的耦合运行稳定性良好,装置能量回收效率高达96.28%,对纳滤脱盐系统本体运行能耗的降低幅度可达44%。     

一次盐水技改总结

介绍了25万t/a离子膜法烧碱一次盐水装置自开车以来进行的工艺、设备等节能降耗方面的技术改造。通过技改,提高了装置运行的稳定性,降低了生产成本。     

Performance prediction of hydraulic energy recovery (HER) device with novel mechanics for small-scale SWRO desalination system

The biggest proportion of the cost of desalted water is the energy consumption, especially for small-scale SWRO desalination system. In order to decrease the cost of desalted water, the energy recovery device is preferred to be considered in small-scale SWRO desalination system. However, the investigation of energy recovery device for small-scale SWRO system is scarce. Until now the design of energy recovery device has not been based on the results of the mathematical simulation but almost on experimental and empirical knowledge, and there are few detailed reports about the optimal design of energy recovery device for small-scale SWRO desalination system in previous articles. In the current paper, a hydraulic energy recovery (HER) device with novel mechanics is introduced, the detailed simulation results of the HER device and specific energy consumption of small-scale SWRO system equipped with the HER device are presented. The simulated results are very useful for optimal design of the HER device and its coupling SWRO desalination system.     

Fresh water by reverse osmosis based desalination: simulation and optimisation

The reverse osmosis (RO) desalination process to make fresh water from seawater has been studied here. First, a model for the process is developed. Sensitivity of different operating parameters (feed flow rate, feed pressure) and design parameters (internal diameter, total number of tubes) on the recovery ratio are studied via repetitive simulation. Finally, an optimisation framework for the process is developed so as to maximize the recovery ratio or a profit function using different energy recovery devices, subjectto general constraints. The optimal operating parameters (feed flow rate, feed pressure) and design parameters (internal diameter, total number of tubes) are determined by solving the optimisation problem using an efficient successive quadratic programming (SQP) based method. The optimal values for the decision variables depend on the constraints introduced, and are also sensitive to variations in water and energy prices, as well as feed concentration. The use ofthe emerging energy recovery devices is widely justified, reporting much higher reductions in operating costs than the traditional technology used for this purpose. Using a pressure exchanger device, it is possible to reduce energy consumption by up to 50%.     

分子筛膜-精馏耦合用于费托合成水相副产物混合醇回收的工艺流程模拟

费托合成油水相副产物混合醇的回收多采用萃取精馏的分离方法,此方法需要配置7个精馏塔和5路循环回路。通过分析发现,流程冗长的关键因素在于混合醇中除甲醇外各个组分均与水产生共沸,而分子筛膜渗透汽化技术不受汽液平衡的限制,因此可以利用分子筛膜渗透汽化技术将混合醇中的水分先脱除,然后再利用精馏技术对混合醇各组分进行分离。本文完成了精馏-膜分离耦合工艺分离混合醇的全流程模拟,并与传统的萃取精馏工艺流程进行对比。精馏-膜分离耦合工艺大幅简化了原有萃取精馏工艺流程,整体能耗降低30%。并根据此流程在陕西延长石油（集团）有限公司建成了国内第一套膜分离-精馏耦合工艺的1000t/a低碳混合醇回收和分离的工业示范装置。     

A Single Stage Membrane Process for CO2 Capture from Flue Gas by a Facilitated Transport Membrane

Carbon dioxide is the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas and it accounts for about 80% of all greenhouse gases (GHG). The global atmospheric CO₂ concentrations have been increased significantly and have become the major source responsible for global warming; the greatest environmental challenge the world is facing now. The efforts to control the GHG emissions include the recovery of CO₂ from flue gas. In this work, feasibility analysis, based on a single stage membrane process, has been carried out with an in-house membrane program interfaced within process simulation program (AspenHysys) to investigate the influence of process parameters on the energy demand and flue gas processing cost. A novel CO₂-selective membrane with the facilitated transport mechanism has been employed to capture CO₂ from the flue gas mixtures. The results show that a membrane process using the facilitated transport membrane can also be considered as an alternative CO₂ capture process and it is possible to achieve more than 90% CO₂ recovery and 90% CO₂ purity in the permeate with reasonable energy consumption compared to amine absorption and other capture techniques.     

丙烯腈装置节能降耗技术

简要分析了齐鲁石化公司4.0万吨/年丙烯腈装置的能耗组成,有针对性地开发应用了一系列节能降耗技术,具体为废水焚烧炉余热回收技术、废水浓缩技术、膜法富氧助燃技术、新型高效丙烯腈催化剂、提高丙烯腈精制回收率技术、硫胺逆流双效蒸发技术等。一系列技术实施后丙烯腈装置的能耗值由2000年的495.6 kg标油/t.AN降低到2010年的150 kg标油/t.AN,创本装置历史最好水平。     

Experimental validation of hybrid distillation‐vapor permeation process for energy efficient ethanol–water separation

BACKGROUND: The energy demand of distillation‐based systems for ethanol recovery and dehydration can be significant, particularly for dilute solutions. An alternative separation process integrating vapor stripping with a vapor compression step and a vapor permeation membrane separation step, termed membrane assisted vapor stripping (MAVS), has been proposed. The hydrophilic membrane separates the ethanol–water vapor into water‐rich permeate and ethanol‐enriched retentate vapor streams from which latent and sensible heat can be recovered. The objective of this work was to demonstrate experimentally the performance of a MAVS system and to compare the observed performance with chemical process simulation results using a 5 wt% ethanol aqueous feed stream as the benchmark. RESULTS: Performance of the steam stripping column alone was consistent with chemical process simulations of a stripping tower with six stages of vapor liquid equilibria (VLE). The overhead vapor from the stripper contained about 40 wt% ethanol and required 6.0 MJ of fuel‐equivalent energy per kg of ethanol recovered in the concentrate. Introduction of the vapor compressor and membrane separation unit and recovery of heat from both membrane permeate and retentate streams resulted in a retentate ethanol concentrate containing ca 80 wt% ethanol, but requiring only 2.2 MJ fuel kg^?1 ethanol, significantly less than steam stripping alone. CONCLUSION: Performance of the experimental unit with a 5 wt% ethanol feed liquid corroborated chemical process simulation predictions for the energy requirement of the MAVS system, demonstrating a 63% reduction in the fuel‐equivalent energy requirement for MAVS compared with conventional steam stripping or distillation. Published 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

生物甲烷膜分离提纯系统的设计与优化

以厌氧发酵生物气为原料生产压缩天然气是大规模利用生物质资源的重要途径。首先,在过程模拟软件UniSim Design中基于有限元方法建立了中空纤维膜的离散数值计算模型,适合于模拟渗透切割比非常高的生物甲烷膜分离过程。以单级聚酰亚胺膜分离系统为例研究了关键操作条件--膜的进料压力对处理能力、甲烷收率及压缩天然气生产单耗的影响。目前的评估体系下,提高进料压力有利于提高处理能力和甲烷回收率,而压缩天然气生产单耗在2.70 MPa时最低,为0.46 kW·h·m^-3压缩天然气。通过分析渗透气的甲烷浓度变化趋势,开发了一级二段气体膜分离系统,兼具流程简单、设备投资低、甲烷收率高、产值高的优点。以处理1000 m³·h^-1生物气为例,甲烷收率达95.0%,压缩天然气产量500 m³·h^-1。对应地,装置总投资为3.8×10⁶ CNY,年运行费用及设备折旧为1.5×10⁶ CNY,年经济效益（毛利）超过2.50×10⁶ CNY。     

Hybrid membrane and conventional processes comparison for isoamyl acetate production

Four process alternatives for the production of isoamyl acetate, by the liquid phase esterification of acetic acid with isoamyl alcohol, were evaluated by simulation in terms of product purity, energy integration and economics. The analysis involves a transition from conventional (two structures that use acetic acid or alcohol in excess) to hybrid membrane process (two distillation–pervaporation hybrid systems). Acetate recovery is identified as a crucial factor to minimize energy costs in all considered processes. For conventional processes, the amount of energy required for separation, at low acetate recovery levels, is considerably lower if acetic acid is used in excess. For the hybrid processes, there is an optimum value of acetate recovery that minimizes the total required heat duty and membrane area. Hybrid distillation–pervaporation process allows obtaining the specified product purity with lower energy requirements and more economical tradeoffs than the considered conventional processes. The economic optimum design maximizes energy savings and minimizes total annualized costs. After optimization and energy integration, the best process alternative includes, in a hybrid system, one packed bed reactor, two pervaporation units and a distillation column.     

高密度聚乙烯膜回收单元优化改造

文章介绍了淤浆聚合法生产高密度聚乙烯过程中,低压溶剂回收系统膜回收单元工作原理和作用。同时,通过对膜回收单元回收量和异丁烷回收量的分析,发现在此工艺条件下,膜回收单元膜面积相对偏小。提出增加膜组件来增大膜面积的优化改造措施,并通过实际效果来验证优化效果。     

余压能量回收装置在湿法脱碳工艺中的应用

介绍了能量回收透平、涡轮增压器、功交换器等余压能量回收装置的基本流程;简述了余压能量回收装置在我国湿法脱碳工艺中的应用情况;对比分析了上述3种余压能量回收装置的优缺点。结果表明,涡轮增压器具有占地面积小、易于安装、运行周期长、能量回收效率高（达80%以上）等优势,若将其应用于现有脱碳系统的改造及低温甲醇洗工艺,将会产生良好的节能效果和经济效益。     

A Bioelectrochemically‐Assisted Membrane Bioreactor for Simultaneous Wastewater Treatment and Energy Production

A bioelectrochemically‐assisted membrane bioreactor (BEAMBR), integrating a microbial fuel cell with a membrane bioreactor, was developed for energy recovery and efficient wastewater treatment. The stainless‐steel membrane module with biofilm, served not only as dynamic membrane separation device but also as biocathode. The effluent turbidity reached 0.8 NTU after stable operation, and particle with average size larger than 1.14 μm were effectively rejected from the mixed liquor by the dynamic membrane. The BEAMBR successfully removed the chemical oxygen demand and ammonium. With increasing hydraulic retention time and decreasing volumetric organic loading rate, the power production in this reactor was enhanced. The results showed that the BEAMBR is a promising process for efficient energy recovery and wastewater treatment.     

Modeling and economic analysis of CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> separation process with hollow fiber membrane modules

The main purpose of the study was to develop a model using ASPEN and Excel simulation method to establish optimum CO₂ separation process utilizing hollow fiber membrane modules to treat exhaust gas from LNG combustion. During the simulation, optimum conditions of each CO₂ separation scenario were determined while operating parameters of CO₂ separation process were varied. The characteristics of hollow fibers membrane were assigned as 60 GPU of permeability and 25 of selectivity for the simulation. The simulation results illustrated that 4 stage connection of membrane module is required in order to achieve over 99% of CO₂ purity and 90% of recovery rate. The resulted optimum design and operation parameters throughout the simulation were also correlated with the experimental data from the actual CO₂ separation facility which has a capacity of 1,000 Nm³/day located in the Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology. Throughout the simulation, the operating parameters of minimum energy consumption were evaluated. Economic analysis of pilot scale of CO₂ separation plant was done with the comparison of energy cost of CO₂ recovery and equipment cost of the plant based on the simulation model. This work was presented at the 6 ^th Korea-China Workshop on Clean Energy Technology held at Busan, Korea, July 4–7, 2006.     

Membrane‐assisted vapor stripping: energy efficient hybrid distillation–vapor permeation process for alcohol–water separation

BACKGROUND: Energy efficient alternatives to distillation for alcohol recovery from dilute solution are needed to improve biofuel sustainability. A process integrating steam stripping with a vapor compression step and a vapor permeation membrane separation step is proposed. The objective of this work is to estimate the energy and process costs required to make a fuel grade ethanol (0.5 wt% water) from 1 and 5 wt% ethanol aqueous streams using the proposed process. RESULTS: Using process simulation and spreadsheeting software, the proposed membrane‐assisted vapor stripping process was estimated to require as little as 8.9 MJ of fuel‐equivalent energy per kg of fuel grade ethanol recovered from a 1 wt% ethanol feed stream, 2.5 MJ kg^?1 for a 5 wt% ethanol solution. This represents an energy saving of at least 43% relative to standard distillation producing azeotropic ethanol (6 wt% water). Process costs were also found to be lower than for distillation at the 3.0 × 10⁶ kg‐ethanol year^?1 scale modeled. CONCLUSION: In this hybrid system, the stripping column provides high ethanol recoveries and low effluent concentrations while the vapor compression‐membrane component enables the efficient recovery of latent and sensible heat from both the retentate and permeate streams from the membrane system. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于AMESim的海水淡化斜盘柱塞式能量回收装置运行性能分析

为满足中小型海水淡化系统节能降耗需求,设计开发了一种新型斜盘柱塞式能量回收装置,并基于AMESim仿真分析软件构建了斜盘柱塞式能量回收装置的液压仿真模型及与之配套的反渗透海水淡化系统流体计算模型,对斜盘柱塞式能量回收装置在海水淡化系统中的耦合运行性能进行了模拟研究.结果 表明:在装置高压进流压力为6.0 MPa,设计处...     

膜分离技术用于气体脱湿的研究现状

随着膜科学的发展,气体膜分离技术由于具有选择性高、能耗低、费用低、耐用性等优点,优于吸附等传统分离方法,广泛应用于石油、化工、电力、能源和环保等行业,该方法在气体除湿领域表现尤为突出,受到广泛关注。作者详细论述了气体膜分离技术的研究和发展现状,并介绍了分子模拟方法应用于该领域的研究。最后指出,随着膜材料及其制备工艺的发展和新型研究技术的应用与开发等,膜法脱湿将得到更大的发展。     

Adopting inclined channel to decline the salinity mixing for rotary energy recovery device:Simulation and optimization

After years of research, the energy efficiency of energy recovery device has been raised to a high level, but the salinity mixing has not been effectively improved. Mixing will lead to a rise of high-pressure seawater salinity, which will increase the operating cost. In this paper, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of the rotary energy recovery device (RERD) is carried out. It is found that the unstable flow caused by the non-parallel between the channel and the flow direction of fluid is an important reason for mixing. After the inclined channel structure is adopted, the non-parallel problem is improved. The forma-tion of unstable flow is effectively controlled. Under the commercial product operating conditions, the volumetric mixing of the optimized device is reduced from 3.34％ to 1.29％, showing the effectiveness of the structure.     

生物乙醇原位分离技术的研究进展

生物乙醇是一种重要的可再生生物燃料,使用生物乙醇可大幅减少温室气体排放。为了建立更高效低能耗的生物乙醇回收工艺,原位分离（ISPR）技术应运而生。本文综述了近年来乙醇原位分离的研究进展,从原理及应用等进行多方面详细地介绍,包括气提、真空发酵、吸附、液-液萃取、渗透汽化、膜蒸馏等分离技术。针对分离性能、能耗成本等问题分析了不同分离技术耦合发酵过程的优势及不足,重点回顾了以渗透汽化为代表的膜分离技术,总结了渗透汽化膜材料的选择以及膜的制备方法,旨在提升乙醇分离膜性能优化乙醇分离工艺。为整合不同分离技术的特点及优势,聚焦多级耦合分离系统的开发对各级分离技术联用的性能及潜力进行剖析与评价,并在此基础上研判其发展前景。