Dyeing and printing wastewater treatment using a membrane bioreactor with a gravity drain

A laboratory-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) with a gravity drain was tested for dyeing and printing wastewater treatment from a wool mill. The MBR was operated with continuous permeate by gravity and without chemical cleaning for 135 days. Results showed that excellent effluent quality could meet the reuse water standard in China. The average concentrations of COD, BOD₅, turbidity and color in the effluent were 36.9 mg l⁻¹, 3.7 mg l⁻¹, 0.2 NTU and 21 dilution times (DT), respectively. The average removal rates of COD, BOD₅, turbidity and color were 80.3%, 95.0%, 99.3% and 58.7%, respectively. The membrane flux increased with increasing of aeration intensity, and its increasing rate was related to pressure-heads. The higher the pressure-head, the greater the impact of aeration intensity on membrane flux. Statistical analysis also showed that both the pressure-head and aeration intensity significantly affected membrane flux. Due to its compact design, simple operation and easy maintenance, MBR with a gravitational filtration system hs low energy consumption and is cost-effective to build and operate. If the life expectancy of the membrane is set for 3–4 years and the membrane flux is set at 15 l/m²·h, such a MBR would be very competitive.     

MBR技术在啤酒废水处理中的应用

结合啤酒废水水质特点和MBR技术的优点,阐述了MBR处理啤酒废水的优势,综述了好氧MBR、厌氧MBR以及厌氧-好氧MBR处理啤酒废水的试验研究现状,介绍了MBR组合工艺在工程中的应用效果和膜污染防治方法,在此基础上展望了MBR技术在啤酒废水中的应用前景。     

膜生物反应器在污水处理过程中的膜污染控制

在综合国内外大量文献的基础上,阐述了MBR膜污染的类型及其发展过程,针对膜污染的影响因素,提出了防止膜污染维持MBR膜长期稳定运行的主要控制条件、方法及MBR设计的注意事项,总结了当前膜污染最佳的物理化学清洗方法,指出今后要进一步注重高性能膜材料、新型膜生物反应器和工艺条件的研究,为MBR在我国的大规模应用作准备。     

超市废水的膜生物反应器中污泥特性之变化

在以处理超市废水实际工程的基础上,通过对污泥性质中的胞外聚合物（EPS）、溶解性微生物产物（SMP）、污泥粒径分布（PSD）变化的分析,得出污泥性质在接种膜生物反应器（MBR）后发生了明显的变化。对SMP的荧光分析发现,芳香族蛋白质类物质的量随着运行时间的增加有减小的趋势,而色氨酸类蛋白质类物质的量则相反。同时,发现EPS中荧光峰发生了显著的位移,说明了EPS性质发生了变化;通过对污泥的红外分析,发现污泥主要以糖类、蛋白质和脂肪族类物质为主,而随着时间的变化,污泥中的代表羟基基团的峰强度发生了明显的变化,说明污泥性质发生了变化;此外,通过PSD分析发现,污泥粒径中大粒径颗粒（大于100μm）是逐渐减小的,而小粒径颗粒（10μm）逐渐增多。     

MBR工艺在合成氨工业废水处理中的应用

膜生物反应器(MBR)是将污水的生物处理技术与膜分离技术相结合的高效废水生物处理工艺,可有效处理合成氨工业产生的高NH3-N含量的废水。MBR投运后,出水COD含量70 mg/L,NH3-N含量可稳定在25 mg/L,2套MBR系统的产水量均为150 m3/h,达到了设计要求。1年多的实际运行情况表明,该污水处理系统为企业的节能减排提供了可靠保障,但运行中也出现了一些问题,这些问题的有效解决对废水处理站的长期稳定运行至关重要。     

铁炭微电解/水解酸化/MBR组合工艺处理制药废水

采用反应沉淀/水解酸化/MBR组合工艺处理以合成制药废水为主的污水处理厂污水,处理出水不能达到《化学合成类制药工业水污染物排放标准》(GB 21904—2008)的要求。对此采用铁炭微电解工艺作为前置处理工艺对该废水进行了预处理实验研究,结果表明,当铁炭投加量为400 g/L,铁炭质量比为4∶5,HRT=3 h,p H=4,曝气量为3 L/min时,预处理效果较好,铁炭微电解对COD的去除率达47.50%,废水可生化性由0.23提升到0.38,使后续工艺运行效果大幅提升,最终使处理出水达标排放。     

Engineering design approaches for minimum fouling in submerged MBR

A contributor to success in managing membrane operations is to be able to identify suitable engineering design approaches to slow down the membrane fouling rate. Two such approaches were discussed in this study, namely: (1) offsite chemical and mechanical cleaning, and (2) air scouring. A longer subsequent operation time was observed after a membrane was cleaned chemically compared with mechanically. For air scouring during membrane operation, the investigation aimed at determining the crossflow velocity induced by coarse and fine bubble diffusers. Higher crossflow velocities were obtained with the latter. Uniformly distributed fine air bubbling might possibly have caused less uplift resistance and induced higher crossflow velocities. Such air scouring, at critical aeration intensity, was able to prolong the membrane operation for up to 8 months without needing chemical or mechanical cleaning.     

A novel approach to an advanced tertiary wastewater treatment: Combination of a membrane bioreactor and an oyster-zeolite column

A combination of a microfiltration-membrane bioreactor (MBR) and oyster-zeolite (OZ) packed-bed adsorption column was studied for the first time to evaluate the advanced tertiary treatment of nitrogen and phosphorous. The membrane module was submerged in the bioreactor and aeration was operated intermittently for an optimal wastewater treatment performance. Artificial wastewater with COD_cr of 220 mg/L, total nitrogen (T-N) of 45 mg/L, and total phosphorous (T-P) of 6 mg/L was used in submerged MBR with MLSS of 4,000–5,000 mg/L. The experiments were performed during a 100-day period with periodic membrane washing. The results showed that COD_cr could be effectively removed in the MBR alone with over 96% removal efficiency. However, T-N and T-P removal efficiency was slightly lower than expected with only the MBR. The permeate from MBR was then passed through the OZ column for tertiary nutrient removal. The final effluent analysis confirmed that nutrients can be additionally removed resulting in over 90% and 53% removal efficiencies for T-N and T-P, respectively. The results of this study suggest that the waste oyster shell can be effectively reclaimed as an adsorbent in advanced tertiary wastewater treatment processes in combination with a MBR.     

Biological COD reduction and inorganic suspended solids accumulation in a pilot-scale membrane bioreactor for traditional Chinese medicine wastewater treatment

A pilot-scale test was conducted in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) for 452 days to treat high-strength traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) wastewater from two-phase anaerobic digest effluent. This study focuses on the chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction and inorganic suspended solid (ISS) accumulation. The wastewater was high in COD, varying daily between 259 and 12,776 mg L⁻¹. Almost all the COD was removed by the MBR system, leaving a COD of <50 mg L⁻¹ in the MBR effluent. This indicated a great potential of the MBR in TCM wastewater reuse. ISS produced in the bioreactor by metabolism of microorganism increased from 265 to 4912 g h⁻¹, which showed that there were large numbers of ISS accumulation in the bioreactor. Two models, built on the material balances of COD and ISS, were developed for the simulation of MBR system performance in the biodegradation of TCM wastewater. Consequently, the kinetic constants including the maximum substrate specific biodegradation rate (V_max), the half-saturation coefficient (K_s) and the inorganic suspended solids growth rate (k) were calculated as V_max, 3.64, 3.82, 4.39 d⁻¹, K_s, 56.4, 225, 394 mg L⁻¹ and k, 265, 888, 4912 mg L⁻¹ d⁻¹ using the operational data at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs). The models well fitted the pilot-scale experimental data, and were able to simulate the COD reduction and ISS accumulation.     

平板膜在中药废水处理MBR系统中的应用

采用平板膜MBR工艺处理高浓度中药废水,介绍了MBR膜系统的工艺设计参数和运行情况,近1 a半的实际运行结果表明,平板膜可以处理中药废水,出水水质达到设计要求。同时,通过分析膜池水质和膜垢情况后认为,膜垢主要由钙离子和多糖类物质组成。经试验确定先用盐酸,再用次氯酸钠对平板膜进行清洗,可以取得良好的效果。     

膜生物反应器在水处理中的应用与新发展

综合论述了膜生物反应器的分类、结构、特点，介绍了近年来各国学者应用膜生物反应器去除废水中有机物、氮、磷等污染物所取得的研究成果、面临的问题以及膜生物系统在实际废水处理中的应用。简要阐述了膜污染的成因、机理及其对策，并指出了现阶段限制膜生物技术在我国发展的原因，展望了未来膜生物技术在我国广阔的发展前景。     

MBR工艺处理PTA废水的工业化模拟试验

介绍了某PTA企业生产废水的处理现状以及采用MBR工艺改造废水处理系统的工业化模拟试验。包括MBR的启动和污泥的驯化,以及在不同的CODCr负荷下的运行情况。当污泥的质量浓度在6.5g/L左右,溶解氧质量浓度控制在2mg/L,HRT在15h时,CODCr的平均去除率能达到93.80%;氨氮和总磷的平均去除率达到90.28%和89.37%。试验期间,还考察了非常态下膜的污染耐受性以及微生物的恢复能力。     

采用MBR处理工艺的再生水回用项目应用实例

昆山陆家污水厂二期扩建及再生水回用工程设计规模为1.5×104m3/d,主体工艺采用MBR工艺,生物处理采用多模式A/A/O工艺,设计出水水质达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准,结合工程实例介绍了该新型污水处理工艺的流程、设计参数和主要技术特点:运行灵活多变,脱氮除磷效果好,出水稳定可靠,满足一级A回用水水质要求。     

Membrane bioreactors for hospital wastewater treatment: recent advancements in membranes and processes

Discharged hospital wastewater contains various pathogenic microorganisms, antibiotic groups, toxic organic compounds, radioactive elements, and ionic pollutants. These contaminants harm the environment and human health causing the spread of disease. Thus, effective treatment of hospital wastewater is an urgent task for sustainable development. Membranes, with controllable porous and nonporous structures, have been rapidly developed for molecular separations. In particular, membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology demonstrated high removal efficiency toward organic compounds and low waste sludge production. To further enhance the separation efficiency and achieve material recovery from hospital waste streams, novel concepts of MBRs and their applications are rapidly evolved through hybridizing novel membranes (non hydrophilic ultrafiltration/microfiltration) into the MBR units (hybrid MBRs) or the MBR as a pretreatment step and integrating other membrane processes as subsequent secondary purification step (integrated MBR-membrane systems). However, there is a lack of reviews on the latest advancement in MBR technologies for hospital wastewater treatment, and analysis on its major challenges and future trends. This review started with an overview of main pollutants in common hospital wastewater, followed by an understanding on the key performance indicators/criteria in MBR membranes (i.e., solute selectivity) and processes (e.g., fouling). Then, an in-depth analysis was provided into the recent development of hybrid MBR and integrated MBR-membrane system concepts, and applications correlated with wastewater sources, with a particular focus on hospital wastewaters. It is anticipated that this review will shed light on the knowledge gaps in the field, highlighting the potential contribution of hybrid MBRs and integrated MBR-membrane systems toward global epidemic prevention.     

MBR工艺处理餐饮废水中DOM组分的特性

通过组分划分试验,对平板膜生物反应器中的溶解性有机物进行分离得到四种组分,并借助于分子量技术、荧光技术深入研究各组分对膜污染的影响。结果表明强疏水性（HPO）组分表现出最强的膜污染趋势,而弱疏水性（TPI）组分呈现出最高的可生物降解性,生物降解去除率可达91．8％。     

MBR和BAF用于城市污水深度处理的工艺特性比较

采用膜生物反应器(MBR)和曝气生物滤池(BAF)2种工艺分别对以生活污水为主的城市污水进行深度处理,以达到污水回用的目的.中试结果表明,在平均水温仅为5℃的情况下,MBR工艺的处理效果明显优于BAF,MBR_4~+工艺对COD、BOD＿5、NH_4~+-N和TP的去除率分别可以达到75%、92%、95%和90%,,而BAF对COD、BOD_5、NH_4~+_N和TP的去除率仅为70%、78%、29%和82%.经核算,MBR和BAF的污水处理运行费用分别为0.82元·m~(-3)和0.55元·m~(-3).与BAF相比,MBR具有处理效果优良、出水稳定、占地面积少,且维护管理方便等特点,因此,在以污水回用为目的的实际工程中推荐采用MBR工艺.     

电子行业废水MBR法处理回用中试研究

使用MBR中试装置对电子行业废水的处理回用进行了实验研究,并对MBR系统的清洗及污泥性状进行了分析。结果表明,MBR系统对电子行业废水中的COD、氨氮、磷等污染物均有较好的处理效果,处理出水可达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)中的一级标准,出水经RO系统进一步处理可得到高品质的回用水。     

MBR法处理化肥废水

介绍了缺氧-好氧两相处理工艺采用膜生物反应器(MBR)处理化肥废水的设计.实践表明,运用MBR处理技术其优越性远大于传统的活性污泥法,出水水质较好,并能回用于车间用水,从而达到节水、降耗和增效的目的.     

平板膜生物反应器应用于化工园综合废水处理的可行性和经济性

通过平板膜生物反应器处理某化工园区的综合废水,取得了良好的效果:COD去除率达到95%以上,氨氮去除率达到99%以上,反应器内MLSS稳定在8200mg/L左右,出水SS几乎为0,出水达到中水回用标准(GB/T18920—2002)。试验结果表明,平板膜生物反应器具有工艺简单、占地少、效率高、出水水质好等优点,通过经济性分析,其单位处理成本仅略高于现有CASS工艺,且出水可以实现回用,是实现化工园区废水资源化和节能减排的一个良好途径。     

焦化废水的MBR处理工艺

针对焦化废水治理难题,将传统生化处理工艺A／A／O改造成A／A／O＋MBR组合处理工艺,运行结果表明：A／A／0＋MBR组合工艺对NH3-N去除效果好,处理出水NH3-N浓度一般为5-10mg／L,CODcr浓度为200mg／L左右,较A／A／O工艺有明显改善和提高;剩余污泥产量为系统改造前的10％左右,大大节约了污泥处理处置成本;MBR膜组件模块化自动控制,简化了操作维护,有效减缓了膜污染。