用户级微电网实验平台研究与设计

随着近年来分布式电源的兴起,微电网得到了快速发展。为了满足用户级微电网研究的不断深入,通过对用户级微电网特性的分析,从模拟风力发电系统、模拟光伏发电系统、能量配置与管理和数据采集与监控系统4方面对微电网实验平台进行设计,完成了用户级微电网实验平台的搭建,实现了最大出力、能量管理和协调控制技术等理论研究的实验验证。结果表明,该平台数据采集准确,且控制精度高,能够为用户级微电网相关技术理论进行有效验证。     

基于DPWS的智能微电网监控系统的研究

针对当前采用馈线拓扑结构的微电网系统存在的协同性差、缺少动态配置支持等问题,提出一种基于DPWS中间件技术的智能微电网监控系统实现方案。利用DPWS即插即用机制,解决设备进入系统后自动发现、自动组网等问题,能提高微电网系统自适应能力。通过DPWS事件订阅方式,对目标设备状态实行动态监控,保证微电网系统安全平稳运行。运用DPWS安全机制对通信信息进行加密,能够保证微电网系统的通信安全。该方案详细介绍了智能微电网系统各部分的功能和实现方式,并通过实验证明该方案的有效性和可行性。     

100kJ/50kW高温超导磁储能系统在微电网中的应用

超导磁储能系统(superconducting magnetic energy storage,SMES)能够实现与电网之间的快速功率交换,对于增强电网稳定性,改善电能质量具有重要意义。本文针对一套100 k J/50 k W高温超导磁储能系统,对其超导磁体设计与低温系统,功率调节系统的拓扑及控制策略设计、主监控系统的设计分别进行了阐述和分析。为了验证整个磁储能系统的性能,进行了相关的开环功率调节实验。实验结果表明,整套系统运行良好,SMES能够快速的响应主监控系统发出的功率指令,实现SMES与电网之间快速的功率交换。基于上述对SMES的分析和实验测试,结合云电科技园微电网的拓扑,给出了几种SMES在微电网中应用的试验方案,以验证SMES在微电网中应用的性能和作用。     

Application of 100 kJ/50 kW high-temperature superconducting magnet energy storage system in micro-grid

超导磁储能系统（superconducting magnetic energy storage,SMES）能够实现与电网之间的快速功率交换,对于增强电网稳定性,改善电能质量具有重要意义。本文针对一套100 kJ/50 kW高温超导磁储能系统,对其超导磁体设计与低温系统,功率调节系统的拓扑及控制策略设计、主监控系统的设计分别进行了阐述和分析。为了验证整个磁储能系统的性能,进行了相关的开环功率调节实验。实验结果表明,整套系统运行良好,SMES能够快速的响应主监控系统发出的功率指令,实现SMES与电网之间快速的功率交换。基于上述对SMES的分析和实验测试,结合云电科技园微电网的拓扑,给出了几种SMES在微电网中应用的试验方案,以验证SMES在微电网中应用的性能和作用。     

微电网系统接地方式及安全分析

微电网并网及孤岛模式运行必须满足电力系统安全运行的基本要求,合理的微电网系统接地方式及变压器接地网的设计是微电网安全稳定运行的重要保障,分析了微电网系统接地方式,采用接地分析软件CDEGS计算了微电网联网和孤岛模式运行时,不同位置故障时故障电流的分配情况,设计了微电网变压器的接地网,并仿真计算出接触电压和跨步电压的值,验证了所设计接地网的正确性,保证了微电网的安全运行。     

含多种新能源的园区型微电网规划关键问题研究

随着我国电力体制改革的持续推进和国家对新能源微电网推广力度不断加大,园区型微电网的规划与建设已受到越来越多的重视,在分析园区型微电网特征的基础上,对园区型微电网规划过程中的分布式电源和储能配置,一次系统网架方案、微电网保护配置、二次监控系统的构建等关键问题进行详细分析和研究,并提出可行的解决方案。     

多能互补微电网系统组网及控制策略研究

在分析比较直流母线、交流母线微电网结构的基础上,设计了一种适用于分散式多能互补的大规模微电网系统。针对微电网的并网运行和孤网运行模式,分别研究了不同的控制策略。为了对微电网系统运行状态进行管理和控制,研究开发了一整套微电网调度控制系统软件。结合某工业园区微电网示范工程系统建设,进行了相关试验研究,试验结果验证了控制策略的可行性和系统软件的有效性。     

交流微电网能量管理双层控制系统及其策略研究

为满足分布式电源和微电网技术发展的需要,针对含有光伏发电系统、风力发电系统、双馈风电模拟实验平台、储能系统以及负荷的微电网实验系统,设计开发了微电网能量管理双层控制系统,即本地智能控制层和专家协调控制层;分析了交流微电网在并/离网两种状态下的实时能量管理策略和锂电池储能系统经济运行模型;最后在该微电网实验系统主控单元中完成了对能量管理系统的调试,运行结果验证了所提能量管理策略的有效性和实用性。     

50kW微电网蓄能系统最优充放电效能研究

根据微电网蓄能系统的工作特点,介绍了一种50kW微电网系统结构,分析了其核心构造和工作特点．进行了铅酸蓄电池充电控制方法分析,设计了一种适用于微电网运行环境下铅酸蓄电池蓄能系统新型充电控制策略。通过采用对比实验显示该控制策略的有效性,并利用8组实验数据说明,该控制策略对微电网maLT,蓄能系统充放电效能的影响,能够显著提高微电网蓄能系统充放电效能,提高蓄电池使用寿命。     

海岛智能微电网系统研究

首先介绍海岛上应用新能源发电的优势,然后设计一套集风能、海浪潮汐能等多种新能源互补形式发电的微电网发电系统,此系统可供海岛上游客、居民和驻军用电。最后,介绍了珠海万山群岛概况,根据岛上负荷水平计算微电网的总装机容量,以珠海万山群岛为背景设计了智能微电网系统。     

鱼跳水电站自动监控系统

鱼跳水电站采用了南瑞自控公司的开放式分层分布监控系统,由现地控制层和电站控制层两大部分组成,该监控系统自2001年投入运行以来工作比较可靠稳定,本文主要介绍自动监控系统的结构、功能和水电站的一些运行经验及体会。     

龙羊峡水电厂实时监控系统中的经济运行

经济运行是以小的生产成本为水电厂带来最大的经济效益。将系统工程理论应用到实时监控系统中，实现电厂经济运行。实践证明是可行。     

变速变桨距风力机监控过程动态仿真

介绍了级联式无刷双馈发电机的结构和发电原理,根据异步电机的电压方程和坐标变换理论,推导出无刷双馈电机的转子机械速dq坐标系下的数学模型,并进行了Matlab建模和仿真.仿真结果验证了该数学模型的正确性,并为级联式无刷双馈变速恒频发电系统的进一步研究提供了理论基础.     

Adaptive supervisory control strategy of a fuel cell/battery-powered city bus

This paper presents an adaptive supervisory control strategy for a fuel cell/battery-powered city bus to fulfill the complex road conditions in Beijing bus routes. An equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) is firstly proposed to optimize the fuel economy. The adaptive supervisory control strategy is exploited based on this, incorporating an estimating algorithm for the vehicle accessorial power, an algorithm for the battery charge-sustaining and a Recursive Least Squares (RLS) algorithm for fuel cell performance identification. Finally, an adaptive supervisory controller (ASC) considering the fuel consumption minimization, the battery charge-sustaining and the fuel cell durability has been implemented within the hybrid city buses. Results in the “China city bus typical cycle” testing and the demonstrational program of Beijing bus routes are presented, demonstrating that this approach provides an improvement of fuel economy along with robustness and ease of implementation. However, the fuel cell system does not leave much room for the optimal strategy to promote the fuel economy. Benefits may also result in a prolongation of the fuel cell working life, which needs to be verified in future.     

企业监控网络的规划设计

基于数据库和WEB服务器的企业监控网络正成为自动化监控网络的发展方向,结合某企业空调、动力和环境监控系统改造升级的需要,介绍了适合其当前需求的一种监控网络结构.重点是解决原有系统存在的问题,并提升系统的开放性和先进性.简要分析了当前监控网络运行现状及存在的问题,并着重阐述了改造方案的选择。     

A cost‐effective operating strategy to reduce energy consumption in a HVAC system

The operation of the building heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is a critical activity in terms of optimizing the building's energy consumption, ensuring the occupants' comfort, and preserving air quality. The performance of HVAC systems can be improved through optimized supervisory control strategies. Set points can be adjusted by the optimized supervisor to improve the operating efficiency. This paper presents a cost‐effective building operating strategy to reduce energy costs associated with the operation of the HVAC system. The strategy determines the set points of local‐loop controllers used in a multi‐zone HVAC system. The controller set points include the supply air temperature, the supply duct static pressure, and the chilled water supply temperature. The variation of zone air temperatures around the set point is also considered. The strategy provides proper set points to controllers for minimum energy use while maintaining the required thermal comfort. The proposed technology is computationally simple and suitable for online implementation; it requires access to some data that are already measured and therefore available in most existing building energy management and control systems. The strategy is evaluated for a case study in an existing variable air volume system. The results show that the proposed strategy may be an excellent means of reducing utility costs associated with maintaining or improving indoor environmental conditions. It may reduce energy consumption by about 11% when compared with the actual strategy applied on the investigated existing system. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Hierarchical fuzzy control of low-energy building systems

A hierarchical fuzzy supervisory controller is described that is capable of optimizing the operation of a low-energy building, which uses solar energy to heat and cool its interior spaces. The highest level fuzzy rules choose the most appropriate set of lower level rules according to the weather and occupancy information; the second level fuzzy rules determine an optimal energy profile and the overall modes of operation of the heating, ventilating and air-conditioning system (HVAC); the third level fuzzy rules select the mode of operation of specific equipment, and assign schedules to the local controllers so that the optimal energy profile can be achieved in the most efficient way. Computer simulation is used to compare the hierarchical fuzzy control scheme with a supervisory control scheme based on expert rules. The performance is evaluated by comparing the energy consumption and thermal comfort.     

变风量空调系统中的实时优化节能控制

在对变风量空调系统局部控制的分析基础上,利用其变风量末端风门的开度作为各区域相对负荷的指示信号,提出送风静压的实时优化控制方案;同时,针对新的ＡＳＨＲＡＥ通风标准,还提出了基于室内人数检测和焓控制的新风实时优化控制方案。试验结果证明,同常规的控制方案相比,在保证室内热舒适性和空气质量的前提下,这两个方案分别有较好的节能作用。综合采用两种优化方案,系统不仅能够达到节能的目的,而且在较小负荷情况下能够提高室内空气的品质。     

Neuro-optimal operation of a variable air volume HVAC&R system

Low operational efficiency especially under partial load conditions and poor control are some reasons for high energy consumption of heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems. To improve energy efficiency, HVAC&R systems should be efficiently operated to maintain a desired indoor environment under dynamic ambient and indoor conditions. This study proposes a neural network based optimal supervisory operation strategy to find the optimal set points for chilled water supply temperature, discharge air temperature and VAV system fan static pressure such that the indoor environment is maintained with the least chiller and fan energy consumption. To achieve this objective, a dynamic system model is developed first to simulate the system behavior under different control schemes and operating conditions. A multi-layer feed forward neural network is constructed and trained in unsupervised mode to minimize the cost function which is comprised of overall energy cost and penalty cost when one or more constraints are violated. After training, the network is implemented as a supervisory controller to compute the optimal settings for the system. Simulation results show that compared to the conventional night reset operation scheme, the optimal operation scheme saves around 10% energy under full load condition and 19% energy under partial load conditions.     

A fuzzy logic based supervisory controller for an FC/UC hybrid vehicular power system

Depending on growing concerns on energy crises and environmental issues, fuel cell (FC) powered electrical vehicles are favored for possible substitute to conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) based vehicular systems. However, the typical power profile of an automobile motor consisting of transients is not suitable for the use of a sole FC system for vehicle propulsion. This shortcoming could be partly overcome by hybridization. Two potential benefits of combining an FC system with an energy storage unit, ultra-capacitor (UC) has been presented in this study. Firstly, the durability of the FC system could be improved because the additional energy source can fulfill the transient power demand fluctuations. Secondly, the ability of the energy storage source to recover braking energy enhances the fuel economy greatly. An important aspect in designing a hybrid power structure is to find a suitable control strategy that can manage the active power sharing and take advantage of the inherent scalability and robustness benefits of the hybrid system. An integrated procedure for mathematical modeling and power control strategy design for an FC/UC hybrid vehicle is presented in this paper. A fuzzy logic supervisory controller based power management strategy that secures the power balance in hybrid structure, enhances the FC performance and minimizes the power losses is proposed. The main contribution of this paper apart from the previous studies of the authors is the modeling of the complete FC power system with air supply compressor and the integration of the control of the FC system internal dynamics (especially the oxygen excess ratio) into the overall supervisory control structure to maximize the efficiency and durability. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed power management scheme, simulation studies were performed using MATLAB^®, Simulink^® and SimPowerSystems^® environments by integrating the detailed mathematical and electrical models of the hybrid vehicular system.