La9.33Si6O26基氧离子导电复合材料的制备与导电性

采用改性共沉淀法合成了La9.33Si6O26-10wt%Zr0.86Y0.14O1.92两相共存的氧离子导电复合材料,利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、交流阻抗技术分别表征了材料的相组成、微观组织和离子导电性.结果表明,复合材料粉体平均晶粒尺寸为35 nm,烧结块体的平均颗粒尺寸为500 nm;在300～700℃温度范围内,复合材料的导电率均高于La9.33Si6O26或Zr0.86Y0.14O1.92单相材料,且700℃时比La9.33Si6O26高出1个数量级.结合交流阻抗谱及电模量谱对复合材料的导电机理进行了分析讨论.     

柠檬酸自燃烧法制备BiFeO3工艺及性能研究

以柠檬酸做络合剂,硝酸盐做氧化剂,采用柠檬酸-硝酸盐自燃烧法一步合成了具有扭曲菱方钙钛矿结构的BiFeO3粉体.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、差热-热重(DTA -TG)等技术分析了所得BiFeO3粉体,并研究了粉体烧结后BiFeO3陶瓷的相结构和电性能.结果表明,柠檬酸盐溶胶-凝胶法制备的前驱体具有自燃烧特性,自燃烧后B...     

柠檬酸络合法制备La 0.56 Li 0.33 TiO 3 锂离子导电材料

采用柠檬酸络合法合成了La2／3-xLi3xTiO3(z=0．11,LLT)复合氧化物材料,通过系统研究影响溶胶和凝胶形成以及粉体晶相结构的各种因素,确定了最佳的合成条件．研究结果表明:柠檬酸络合法所制备的粉体烧结温度降低至1200℃左右,与传统的固相合成法相比具有更高的活性,其烧结温度约降低150℃．烧结所得的陶瓷样品在室温时的晶粒电导和总电导分别达到9×10-4和2．15×10-5S／cm．     

溶胶凝胶法制备超细负热膨胀性ZrW2O8粉体

以溶胶凝胶法制备负热膨胀材料ZrW2O8粉体并与固相法制备的粉体相比较.对其前驱体进行热重-差热分析(TG-DSC)、以X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分别对粉体进行物相分析和形貌观测.结果表明溶胶凝胶法比固相法合成温度低,于610℃合成单一立方结构ZrW2O8粉体,并且粉体颗粒比固相法小,为100nm;ZrW2O8粉体有很好的负热膨胀特性,以高温X射线衍射分析,在室温约500℃范围内,溶胶凝胶法制备的粉体的热膨胀系数为-5.93×10-6/K;比固相法(-6.31×10-6/K)的略低.     

柠檬酸盐凝胶自燃烧法合成超细粉体

溶胶-凝胶自燃烧法兼顾了溶胶-凝胶法与自燃烧法的优点,是一种很有应用前景的制备复合氧化物纳米材料的低温合成方法.介绍了柠檬酸盐凝胶自燃烧法的基本原理、反应配比的理论计算,分析了pH值、加水量、柠檬酸/硝酸盐、反应温度等因素对柠檬酸溶胶、凝胶的影响.综述了溶胶-凝胶自燃烧法在制备材料中的应用现状.     

SrBi4Ti4O15高取向铁电陶瓷制备与性能研究

用熔盐法和固相法合成SrBi4Ti4O15粉体,对其微观形貌进行了对比.熔盐法合成的粉体片状结构明显,合成温度低,比固相合成合成温度低50℃,一定程度上避免了Bi2O3的挥发.热压烧结的SrBi4Ti4O15陶瓷在(001)面取向非常明显,其压电性能也得到提高.     

溶胶凝胶法制备超细负热膨胀性ZrW2O8粉体

以溶胶凝胶法制备负热膨胀材料ZrW2O8粉体并与固相法制备的粉体相比较.对其前驱体进行热重-差热分析(TG-DSC)、以X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分别对粉体进行物相分析和形貌观测.结果表明溶胶凝胶法比固相法合成温度低,于610℃合成单一立方结构ZrW2O8粉体,并且粉体颗粒比固相法小,为100nm;ZrW2O8粉体有很好的负热膨胀特性,以高温X射线衍射分析,在室温约500℃范围内,溶胶凝胶法制备的粉体的热膨胀系数为-5.93×10-6/K;比固相法(-6.31×10-6/K)的略低.     

尿素低温燃烧法合成Ce_(0.8)Gd_(0.2)O_(1.9)电解质粉末及烧结性能

采用以尿素为燃料的低温燃烧法一步合成了电解质粉末Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9(GDC),通过XRD、TGDSC、BET、FESEM等手段对合成粉体进行了物相测定、热分析、比表面积测定和形貌观察,并考察了粉体的烧结性能。结果表明,尿素-硝酸盐干凝胶自蔓延燃烧点火温度约为279.0℃。通过工艺参数的有效设计,经过低温燃烧过程即可直接得到立方萤石结构的纯相GDC粉体,该粉体为粒径在20~60nm的类球形颗粒,粒子间虽有微弱的软团聚,却具有较高的烧结活性,在1 300℃仅需烧结2h即可达到95.2%的相对密度。该温度比固相法制备该粉体的烧结温度至少降低300℃。     

质子导体SrCe0.95Yb0.05O3-α溶胶凝胶燃烧合成的研究

综合利用溶胶凝胶及燃烧合成的优点制备了质子导体SrCe0.95Yb0.05O3-α粉体,发现柠檬酸的添加量是金属离子的2倍的情况下所制干凝胶燃烧时温度最高,合成产物最好;在燃烧合成中,柠檬酸作还原剂,而硝酸根离子作氧化剂;氧气不是燃烧反应的必要条件,但氧气可以加剧反应进行.XRD结果表明,1000℃即形成斜方钙钛矿结构,较高温固相反应合成温度降低了约400℃.     

纳米(Ba,Sr)TiO_3粉体材料的制备

采用溶胶 -凝胶工艺制备了 (Ba ,Sr)TiO3凝胶 ,并利用微波烧结技术对凝胶进行合成和烧结。结果表明 ,获得的 (Ba ,Sr)TiO3粉体颗粒较细 ,与传统固相反应合成法相比 ,其钙钛矿相的合成温度由 110 0℃降至 90 0℃ ;粉体的颗粒尺寸在 5 0nm附近     

Magnetic coupling in La0.67Ca0.33MnO3/La0.67Sr0.33CoO3/La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 sandwiches

La_0.67Ca_0.33MnO₃ (LCMO)/La_0.67Sr_0.33CoO₃ (LSCO)/LCMO trilayer films are fabricated on single-crystal substrates NdGaO₃ (110) and the interlayer coupling are investigated. Compared with LCMO single layer, sandwiches showed the enhanced metal-insulator transition temperature of LCMO layers. The magnetoresistance is dependent on spacer thickness and the peak value dramatically decreases when LSCO layer is thick enough because of shorting by the LSCO layer. The magnetic coercivity H_C shows a nonmonotonic behavior with changing spacer layer thickness and the waist-like hysteresis indicates that there is an indirect exchange coupling between the top and bottom LCMO layers across the spacer layer.     

Varistor properties of ZnO-Pr6O11-CoO-Cr2O3-Y2O3-In2O3 ceramics

The varistor properties of the ZnO-Pr₆O₁₁-CoO-Cr₂O₃-Y₂O₃-In₂O₃ ceramics were investigated for different concentrations of In₂O₃. The increase of In₂O₃ concentration slightly increased the sintered density (5.60-5.63 g/cm³) and slightly decreased the average grain size (3.4-2.9 μm). The breakdown field increased from 6023 to 14822 V/cm with increasing concentration of In₂O₃. The nonlinear coefficient increased from 17.6 to 44.6 for up to 0.005 mol%, whereas the further doping caused it to decrease to 36.8. In₂O₃ acted as an acceptor due to the donor concentration, which decreases in the range of 1.02 × 10¹⁷ to 0.24 × 10¹⁷/cm³ with increasing concentration of In₂O₃.     

Nanocrystallization of SrBi2Nb2O9 from glasses in the system Li2B4O7---SrO---Bi2O3---Nb2O5

Transparent glasses in the system (100−x)Li₂B₄O₇–x(SrO---Bi₂O₃---Nb₂O₅) (10≤x≤60) (in molar ratio) were fabricated by a conventional melt-quenching technique. Amorphous and glassy characteristics of the as-quenched samples were established via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analyses (DTA) respectively. Glass–ceramics embedded with strontium bismuth niobate, SrBi₂Nb₂O₉ (SBN) nanocrystals were produced by heat-treating the as-quenched glasses at temperatures higher than 500 °C. Perovskite SBN phase formation through an intermediate fluorite phase in the glass matrix was confirmed by XRD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Infrared and Raman spectroscopic studies corroborate the observation of fluorite phase formation. The dielectric constant (_r) and the loss factor (D) for the lithium borate, Li₂B₄O₇ (LBO) glass comprising randomly oriented SBN nanocrystals were determined and compared with those predicted based on the various dielectric mixture rule formalism. The dielectric constant was found to increase with increasing SBN content in LBO glass matrix.     

Microstructures of YBa2Cu3O7/La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 and La0.7Ca0.3MnO3/YBa2Cu3O7 bi-layers grown on (001)LaAlO3

Epitaxial YBa₂Cu₃O₇/La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃ (YBCO/LCMO) bi-layers and La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃/YBa₂Cu₃O₇ (LCMO/YBCO) bi-layers were grown on (001)LaAlO₃ by pulsed laser deposition, and their microstructures were compared by transmission electron microscopy investigation. In the YBCO(100 nm)/LCMO(150 nm) bi-layers, the LCMO layer consists of columnar grains of ~ 17 nm in diameter and contains mixed orientation domains of [100]_c, [010]_c and [001]_c. The YBCO layer is totally c-axis oriented and the YBCO lattices are tilted − 2.5° to + 2.5° as they grew on the rough surfaces of LCMO columnar grains. For the LCMO(140 nm)/YBCO(140 nm) bi-layers, the LCMO/YBCO interface is sharp and flat. The initial 12-nm thickness of the YBCO layer is composed of c-axis oriented domains, and the upper part of YBCO layer is [100] oriented. The LCMO layer was predominantly [001]_c oriented while [100]_c-oriented domains were occasionally observed.     

Syntheses of hollandite type Rb2Cr8O16, K2Cr2V6O16 and K2V8O16

Hollandite-type compounds, Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆, K₂Cr₂V₆O₁₆ and K₂V₈O₁₆, were synthesized under high P-T conditions up to 1200°C and 7GPa. The structural refinement using a single crystal of Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆ confirms that the structure is similar to that of K₂Cr₈O₁₆. Magnetic measurements indicate that Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆ is ferromagnetic below 295K, K₂Cr₂V₆O₁₆ paramagnetic down to 77K and K₂V₈O₁₆ has susceptibility anomaly at 175K. These compounds are all semiconductive and show discontinuities in temperature-resistivity curves at points corresponding to magnetic anomalies.     

Vapour-liquid equilibria in the ternary mixtures N2---CH4---C2H6 and N2---C2H6---C3H8

A systematic study was performed with mixtures consisting of N₂, CH₄, C₂H₆ and C₃H₈, to investigate experimentally phase equilibria and caloric properties and to test the accuracy of thermodynamic correlations. The first part of this Paper reports results of T---p---x---y measurements on ternary systems in the range 20 < p < 120 bar and 140 < T < 220 K. The results are compared with data calculated by generalized equations of state.     

PbSbBiS4-Sb2S3 and PbSbBiS4-Bi2S3 joins in the PbS-Sb2S3-Bi2S3 system

Phase equilibria along the PbSbBiS₄-Sb₂S₃ and PbSbBiS₄-Bi₂S₃ joins of the PbS-Sb₂S₃-Bi₂S₃ system have been studied for the first time using differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, microstructural analysis, microhardness tests, and density measurements, and the phase diagrams of the joins have been mapped out. The joins are shown to be pseudobinary with limited series of terminal solid solutions. The solid solutions are p-type semiconductors.     

Characterization of YBa2Cu3O7/PrBa2Cu3O7 superlattices

We investigated the structural and superconducting properties ofc-axis oriented (YBa₂Cu₃O₇) _nY /(PrBa₂Cu₃O₇) _npr superlattices with thicknesses of the individual layers down to one unit cell (10nY1; 18>nPr 1). By transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction we find an excellent structural quality of the samples, though the quantitative analysis shows the existence of defects. In superlattices with decoupled YBa₂Cu₃O₇ layers of two unit cell thickness we find a highT _c value of 75 K. We probed the flux line structure in the superlattices by measurements of the critical current density in magnetic fields. The experiments show that the flux-line dynamics is dominated by the movement of pancake vortices.     

The effect of Bi1.5Zn0.5Nb0.5Ti1.5O7 cover layer on the dielectric and tunable properties of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/Bi1.5Zn0.5Nb0.5Ti1.5O7 bilayered thin films

Bi_1.5Zn_0.5Nb_0.5Ti_1.5O₇ (BZNT) thin films with different thicknesses as cover layers were deposited on the Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃ (BST) thin films on the Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering method. The microstructure, surface morphology, dielectric and tunable properties of BST/BZNT heterogeneous bilayered films were investigated as a function of the thickness of BZNT films and the effect of BZNT films on the asymmetric electrical properties of BST/BZNT bilayered films was discussed. It was found that BZNT cover layer significantly improved the leakage current and the dielectric loss, and the dielectric constant and tunability of BST/BZNT bilayered thin films simultaneously decreased with the increasing thickness of BZNT films. The BST/BZNT bilayered thin film with a 50 nm BZNT cover layer gave the largest figure of merit (FOM) of 33.48 with the upper tunability of 55.38%. The asymmetric electrical behavior of BST/BZNT bilayered films is probably related to an internal electric field caused by built-in voltages at Pt/BST and BZNT/Au interfaces.     

Structural study of Sr0.3Ba0.7Nb2O6 and La0.030Sr0.255Ba0.700Nb2O6 ceramic systems

Sr_0.3Ba_0.7Nb₂O₆ (SBN) and La_0.030Sr_0.255Ba_0.700Nb₂O₆ (LSBN) ceramic compounds have been prepared using the traditional ceramic method at two different calcination temperatures (900 and 1000 °C) and later sintered both at 1400 °C. A study of the effects of the calcination temperatures and La substitution on the morphological, compositional, and structural properties of SBN and LSBN is presented using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. From Rietveld refinement processes, the XRD patterns were interpreted to evaluate such effects in the structural parameters and the site occupation factors of the heavy metals and oxygen atoms. The effect of the incorporation of La resulted in a 0.25% cell contraction and turned out to be higher than the 0.08% dilation effect produced by the increase of calcination temperature. The La ion with similar effective ionic radius and higher electronegativity is incorporated into the structure occupying the A₁ site just like the Sr ions in the SBN compound. Differences in the site occupation factors between the SBN and LSBN samples lead to substantial changes in the physical properties such as temperature of relative dielectric constant maximum, relative dielectric constant, and dielectric loss, correlated with the distortion and the relative orientation of the oxygen octahedra.