Al—Zn合金阻尼性能研究

本文采用自由梁和悬臂梁声频弯曲共振自由衰减法测量Al-Zn合金的衰减系数δ,配备微机系统采集和处理数据,计算损耗因子θ~(-1)。测量结果表明Al-Zn共折合金的损耗因子在150℃以下随温度升高而增大;随频率降低而增大;在小振幅(10~(-6)～10~(-4)m)范围内随振幅变化不明显。并从合金组织结构因素分析讨论了Al-Zn共折合金热处理后的最佳阻尼性能和机械性能。     

准稳态法测试微波辐照改性煤的中温热导率

根据准稳态法测量热导率的原理,在69~580℃范围内,测试了微波辐照改性前后7种工况下高平无烟煤和海拉尔褐煤的热导率。它们的热导率随温度的变化总体接近正弦周期峰谷曲线分布,与В.И.Бугорин关于顿巴茨和卡拉干达7种煤在120~530℃的热导率变化规律相似。但所测煤样在300~320℃之间出现明显峰值,特别是微波辐照改性后峰值更加陡峭。在180~400℃范围内,高平无烟煤经微波辐照改性的热导率值比原煤样高,最高峰值为原煤样的2.5倍,出现波谷较原煤样有延迟;450℃以后,微波辐照改性的煤样热导率呈现上升趋势。海拉尔褐煤的热导率在580℃以内随温度的变化基本相同,480℃以后微波辐照改性再烟气干燥的煤样热导率增长优势凸显。实验证明微波辐照改性可以大大地提高煤的热导率。     

烧结温度对Cu-C-SnO2多孔材料组织与性能的影响

采用SiO₂-B₂O₃-Al₂O₃助焊剂辅助常压烧结法制备了铜-石墨-氧化锡（Cu-C-SnO₂）复合多孔材料,对其显微组织和物理性能进行了测试,研究了烧结温度对Cu-C-SnO₂多孔材料组织和性能的影响。结果表明,复合多孔材料主要由金属Cu、石墨和氧化物陶瓷相构成;随着烧结温度升高,SnO₂逐渐减少,莫来石等矿化陶瓷相逐渐增多;当烧结温度从750℃升高到800℃时,Cu₂O增多,当烧结温度高于800℃时,Cu₂O随烧结温度的升高而减少;当烧结温度为950℃时,Cu相发生显著再结晶而晶粒粗大;材料的电阻率、渗油率和空气粘性渗透系数随烧结温度的变化呈现出相似的变化规律,都随烧结温度的增加而先减小后增大,在烧结温度850~900℃范围内达到最小值;烧结线收缩率和材料密度随烧结温度的变化呈现出相似的变化规律,都是随烧结温度的升高而增大,在烧结温度800℃附近存在一个临界值,在该临界值两侧,烧结线收缩率和材料密度随烧结温度变化的速率明显不同;在烧结温度800~850℃之间,材料里氏硬度存在一个突变点,在该突变点两侧,材料里氏硬度都随烧结温度的升高而升高。     

包钢7号高炉渣黏度和熔化温度的试验研究

以包钢7号高炉渣为原料,通过配加分析纯试剂SiO_2或CaO,研究了不同碱度对高炉渣黏度和熔化温度的影响,研究结果表明:随碱度的升高,熔化性温度先降低后升高,当碱度R_01.14后又呈现降低趋势;熔化温度随碱度的升高而升高,当碱度增大到R_0=1.17,熔化温度呈现降低趋势;恒温黏度(1 500℃),在试验碱度范围内变化不大,为0.26 Pa·S左右;高炉渣最佳碱度为R0=1.08。     

不同粒径煤吸附瓦斯过程中的热电效应

选取3种不同变质程度的原煤,制成5种不同粒径的煤粒,并压制成型煤,在压力3 MPa和温度25℃条件下对型煤试样进行等温吸附实验,并利用SH-X多路温度测试仪和CHI660E型电化学工作站测试煤吸附瓦斯过程中的温度变化和电流-时间曲线,基于Clausius-Clapeyron方程和相关性系数,分析和研究不同粒径煤吸附瓦斯过程中煤的热电效应及其相关性,试图从煤的热电效应方面研究煤的吸附能力.结果表明:煤在吸附瓦斯过程中伴随有明显的热电效应,在吸附平衡时,煤的温度升高了0.93~8.74℃,煤的电阻率比稳定时降低了0.14~0.16倍;煤的温度随粒径减小和吸附量的增加而升高,煤的电阻率变化却相反;煤体温度和电阻率变化与瓦斯吸附量变化呈现很强的相关性,相关性系数r_w和r_d分别介于0.9502~0.9899和-0.9316~-0.9916之间,均接近于±1.因此,吸附过程中的热电效应可反映煤的吸附能力,在吸附平衡时,煤体温度变化越大,温度越高,电阻率越小,说明煤的吸附能力越强;相反,说明煤的吸附能力越弱.      

溶剂热反应条件对纳米ITO粉体电学性能的影响

采用以乙醇为溶剂的溶剂热法制备ITO纳米粉体,考察了溶剂热反应条件对ITO粉体导电性能的影响.研究表明:当反应温度低于250℃时得到的粉体为InOOH或In4Sn3O12和InOOH的混合物,在250和270℃下反应可得立方结构的ITO纳米粉体;粉体的电阻率随溶剂热反应温度和反应时间的增加而增大;ITO粉体电阻率随着共沉淀pH值的增大逐渐减小;ITO粉体电阻率随SnO2含量的增加先减小后增大,当SnO2掺杂比例为8%左右时,电阻率最低.     

煤的热解特性及其动力学模型

本试验利用热重-差热分析仪对不同升温速率、粒径下的马钢烟煤、无烟煤、兰炭煤样热解特性进行试验研究。将煤样的热解过程分为4个阶段,并建立Coats-Redfern一级动力学模型。结果表明：随着升温速率的增加,挥发分初始温度提高,热解失重速率峰值增大;随着粒径增大,挥发分析出随粒径增大而减小;由一级动力学模型结果可得,活化能和频率因子之间存在补偿效应。     

碳含量及连铸工艺参数对宽厚板坯结晶器热流的影响

对钢厂0.07%~0.18%C钢220~320 mm×1 800~2700 mm宽厚板的连铸过程进行了一年的在线检测与统计,研究了不同碳含量的钢种的拉速(0.65~1.2 m/min),钢水过热度(13~35℃),结晶器进水温度(27~35℃)和结晶器液位(775~810 mm)等工艺参数对结晶器铜板热流的影响。结果表明,浇铸220 mm板坯的结晶器热流随拉速增加而上升,但拉速>1.05 m/min时热流不再增大;对具有包晶反应的钢种,宽面与窄面热流随钢液过热度的增加而增大,但进水温度升高,热流降低;受包晶相变收缩的影响,浇铸0.13%C钢时结晶器热流最低。     

TA15钛合金高温氧化行为

研究TA15钛合金在750~950℃,空气中氧化1~150 h的氧化动力学规律,采用SEM、XRD及EPMA测试技术分析该合金氧化层的显微组织形貌、相组成和复合结构,并对氧化膜的生成机理进行探讨。结果表明:合金在750、850和950℃温度下的氧化行为均符合抛物线规律,但在950℃以上随氧化温度的升高和保温时间的延长,氧化质量增加值持续升高,并远大于750℃和850℃时的氧化质量增加。750℃和850℃下氧化150 h后,合金氧化层结构为TiO2/Al2O3/TiO2/基体;950℃下氧化150 h后合金的氧化层结构为TiO2/Al2O3/TiO2/Al2O3/TiO2/Ti3Al/基体。     

永磁电机用钕铁硼磁体性能参数测试与分析

针对稀土永磁电机用钕铁硼磁体热稳定性差,测试了45SH钕铁硼磁体在不同温度下的磁性能参数变化、磁通量损失、电阻率的变化;可以看出:磁体样品温度升高,矫顽力温度系数逐渐降低,剩磁温度系数在升高,拐点上升,磁通损失明显,材料的电阻和电阻率反而趋势增大,电导率趋势减小.结果表明:钕铁硼永磁电机中的永磁体磁性变低,电机的参数性能指标就发生改变,永磁体的温度稳定性对电机应用至关重要.     

Effect of anthracite properties and formulation on properties of bench scale cathode blocks for aluminum smelting

Bench scale cathode blocks for aluminum smelting having an aggregate of 70 pct anthracite calcined at 1135°C—30 pct ball milled graphite and a coal tar pitch binder were fabricated, baked at 1135°C, and tested for electrical resistivity and expansion during electrolysis in a test cell. Twelve anthracite samples, for which a number of chemical and physical properties were determined, were used in cathode fabrication so that relationships among anthracite properties and cathode properties could be determined. Cathode expansion during electrolysis increased with increasing sulfur content of the anthracite but appeared to decrease with increasing silicon content. Electrical resistivity decreased with an increase in the fraction of green anthracite exhibiting a conchoidal rather than laminar fracture. With the finer of two anthracite aggregate sizings used, both cathode expansion during electrolysis and electrical resistivity decreased sharply as binder content was increased from 16 to 22 pct. Baked apparent density also increased at the same time but was not,per se, a valid indicator of either electrical resistivity or expansion during electrolysis; cathodes produced using a coarser anthracite sizing, which resulted in higher baked apparent densities, had higher electrical resistivities and expansions during electrolysis. Electrical resistance of all cathodes increased during electrolysis in the test cell by an amount proportional to the amount of expansion.     

Effects of anthracite calcination and formulation variables on properties of bench scale aluminum smelting cell cathodes

Several anthracites were calcined at temperatures ranging from about 1100 to 2300°C and bench scale cathodes fabricated, baked, and tested for electrical resistivity and expansion during electrolysis. Cathode electrical resistivity did not decrease much with increasing anthracite calcination temperature to about 1800°C but decreased sharply there-after. Cathode expansion during electrolysis was inversely proportional to anthracite calcination temperature to about 2000°C. Electrical resistivity generally decreased during test cell operation. A correlation between anthracite properties and cathode properties for anthracites calcined at 2100°C could not be made. With a commercial electrically calcined anthracite, the finer of two aggregate sizings resulted in cathodes with superior properties, and properties generally optimized at a binder level producing about a zero volume change during baking.     

Effects of anthracite calcination and formulation variables on properties of bench scale aluminum smelting cell cathodes

Several anthracites were calcined at temperatures ranging from about 1100 to 2300°C and bench scale cathodes fabricated, baked, and tested for electrical resistivity and expansion during electrolysis. Cathode electrical resistivity did not decrease much with increasing anthracite calcination temperature to about 1800°C but decreased sharply thereafter. Cathode expansion during electrolysis was inversely proportional to anthracite calcination temperature to about 2000°C. Electrical resistivity generally decreased during test cell operation. A correlation between anthracite properties and cathode properties for anthracites calcined at 2100°C could not be made. With a commercial electrically calcined anthracite, the finer of two aggregate sizings resulted in cathodes with superior properties, and properties generally optimized at a binder level producing about a zero volume change during baking.     

配煤对煤灰熔融过程的矿物演变的影响

对高钙烟煤和低钙无烟煤以及这两种煤组成的混合煤进行灰熔融特性研究。利用灰熔点测试仪测定煤灰的灰熔融特征温度,通过FactSage热力学软件的Equilib模块和Phase Diagram模块计算煤灰熔化过程的物相变化。结果表明,煤的灰熔点与煤灰的成分密切相关,酸性物质能使混煤灰的熔融特性温度升高,碱性物质使混煤灰的熔融特性温度降低;通过FactSage的Equilib模块得到的熔化过程可以看出,烟煤和无烟煤煤灰的熔融特性差异是温度高于1 000 ℃时莫来石和钙铝黄长石的含量变化导致的。对于混煤灰,随着低钙无烟煤比例的增加,在1 000 ℃的矿相成分中莫来石含量增加,钙铝黄长石含量减少,导致混煤灰熔点提高。     

Electrical resistivity of V-H alloys

The electrical resistivity has been determined at temperatures between 120° and 500°K for V-H alloys with hydrogen concentrations from 0 to 42.1 at. pct. A plot of the hydrogen solubility limit in vanadium shows that it increases from 0.5 at. pct at 227°K to 26.4 at. pct at 436°K. X-ray diffraction powder patterns indicated that alloys containing between 33.8 and 42.1 at. pct H were single-phase, bet, β-V hydride at room temperature. The resistivity of the 33.8 at. pct alloy closely approximated that of hydrogen-free vanadium, but the room temperature resistivity increased with increasing hydrogen concentration at the rate of 1.7 microhm-cm per at. pet H. These β alloys underwent one transformation at temperatures below 224°K and two more transformations near 450°K. The rationale has been based on increasing disorder of hydrogen in the interstices of the lattice with increasing temperature.     

Thermogravimetric Analysis of Coal Char Combustion Kinetics

Four chars prepared from pulverized coals were subjected to non-isothermal and isothermal combustion tests in a thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)device.Three different test methods,i.e.,non-isothermal single heating rate(A),non-isothermal multiple heating rate(B),and isothermal test(C),were conducted to calculate the kinetic parameters of combustion of coal char.The results show that the combustion characteristics of bituminous coal char is better than that of anthracite char,and both increase of heating rate and increase of combustion temperature can obviously improve combustion characteristics of coal char.Activation energies of coal char combustion calculated by different methods are different,with activation energies calculated by methods A,B and C in the range of 103.12-153.77,93.87-119.26,and 46.48-76.68kJ/mol,respectively.By using different methods,activation energy of anthracite char is always higher than that of bituminous coal char.In non-isothermal tests,with increase of combustion temperature,the combustion process changed from kinetic control to diffusion control.For isothermal combustion,the combustion process was kinetically controlled at temperature lower than 580℃ for bituminous coal char and at temperature lower than 630℃ for anthracite char.     

Fatigue-induced point defect production and recovery in pure aluminum and gold

Polycrystalline aluminum and gold wires of 99.999 pct purity were twisted, or fatigued with constant torsional strain amplitudes, and the electrical resistivity and the torque measured at 4.2°K. The deformed specimens were annealed for 1 hr at room temperature (aluminum) or at 100°C (gold), and the resistivity measured at 4.2°K. During unidirectional twisting the resistivity increases continually, while during fatigue with a constant strain amplitude it increases and saturates at a level which is higher for larger amplitudes. The percentage of the induced resistivity that recovers during the annealing is 100 in specimens fatigued with a sufficiently small amplitude, and decreases as the amplitude increases. Relative efficiencies of point defect production in the various modes of deformation are obtained by considering the amounts of recovery after the deformations and the corresponding strain energies expended during the deformations.     

提高预热煤粉燃烧率的机制

 以邯郸钢铁公司2种高炉喷吹用煤粉作为原料,用马弗炉进行预热,测定不同温度预热后的失重率和燃烧率,并采用扫描电镜（SEM）观察预热后煤粉表面结构的变化。试验结果表明,烟煤150℃预热时的失重率为512%,且随着预热温度升高,煤粉的失重率增加,预热温度300℃时失重率可达到17.24%。无烟煤预热后失重率变化不大,预热温度为300℃时失重率仅为5.66%。预热后煤粉燃烧率明显升高。300℃预热条件下的烟煤燃烧率为89.74%,相对于原煤提高了15.67%,无烟煤燃烧率为85.19%,相对于原煤提高了24.80%。预热后煤粉表面结构发生了明显变化,层状和孔隙结构增加,从而提高了煤粉的燃烧率,为提高预热煤粉的燃烧率提供了理论基础。     

提钒后钒钛磁铁精矿直接还原研究

首先运用Fact Sage软件从理论上分析了铁氧化物的还原反应在还原温度950~1 100℃下发生的可能性,然后将提钒后钒钛磁铁精矿与无烟煤按比例混匀、压样后进行直接还原实验,研究无烟煤添加量、原料粒度、还原温度、还原时间对还原产物金属化率的影响,并采用X射线衍射分析还原产物的物相变化.结果表明:在本论文还原温度下,还原反应在理论上是可以进行的.当无烟煤添加量(质量分数)为18%、原料粒度75μm、还原温度为1 100℃、还原时间为90 min时,还原产物的金属化率可达99.18%,还原产物的物相主要为金属铁、黑钛石以及硅酸盐.