控制风力发电蓄电系统并联Boost电路

同步发电机在低风速时输出电压较低,无法达到蓄电池的额定电压值,因此,对一种适用于风力发电蓄电的带耦合电感并联Boost电路进行了研究。通过将耦合电感与Boost电路相结合,建立了控制风力发电蓄电系统电路。阐述了Boost电路的原理,设计了三段式充电电路的控制方法。Matlab仿真结果表明,相对于传统Boost电路,该电路很好地降低了输入电流的波纹,同时能够有效提高蓄电池的使用寿命。     

一种用于光伏最大功率点跟踪的Boost电路

光伏发电系统中利用Boost电路进行最大功率跟踪的过程存在电路升压能力不足、输入纹波较大等问题,利用开关电感结构替代并联交错Boost电路中电感,构成一种高升压比且低纹波的改进型Boost电路。该电路在同一开关周期中拥有四种开关模式,存在三种不同工作状态,利用平均周期建模法讨论其不同占空比情况下输出电压增益及输入电流纹波情况。MATLAB仿真结果表明,改进型Boost相比于传统Boost电路具有更高的升压能力;且在动态输入条件下,具有较快的跟踪速度,输入电流纹波小,输出功率控制效果稳定,适用于光伏发电最大功率点跟踪。     

无差拍电流控制的三相功率因数校正研究

研究提高三相六开关Boost型功率因数校正电路的动、静态性能和简化控制算法,针对电压、电流双闭环控制的功率因数校正电路,为了提高系统的快速响应和调整直流电压稳定性,提出了在电流内环采用同步旋转坐标系下的无差拍电流空间矢量控制方案。在对三相六开关Boost型PFC电路的拓扑结构,工作原理和控制策略的理论分析基础上,应用三相六开关Boost型功率因数校正电路的开关函数模型进行了仿真。结果表明新的控制方案具有电流跟踪迅速、电压利用率高等优点。实现了系统的单位功率因数,输出电压稳定,并具有良好的动态性能。     

功率因数校正电路的建模与仿真

文章以Boost电路电流连续模式的模拟PFC(PowerFactorCorrection)为基础,对其进行深入分析,并建立其数学模型。利用MATLAB/Simulink对模型进行了仿真,得到了很好的结果,为PFC电路的数字实现奠定了基础。     

基于3D打印技术的耦合电感研究

耦合电感主要应用于矿下开关电源,以提高系统的稳态和动态响应性能。传统的耦合电感由铁氧体和铜线缠绕而成,体积较大,不利于开关电源功率密度的提高;其制作工艺决定了其在空气中的磁通散射较大。针对以上问题,对利用3D打印技术——选择性激光烧结技术(SLS)来实现耦合电感的研究。首先,提出2种不同的3D耦合电感结构,并对其结构进行Maxwell仿真和分析。其次,推导出了耦合系数、电感和漏感值的理论计算公式,并分析了其影响因数。为了更好地验证SLS技术生产耦合电感的特性,制作了一个超薄的、易于三维集成的耦合电感模型,并将其应用于一台100 k Hz、10 V输入、2 V/1 A输出的两相交错并联降压斩波电路中。通过测试其在功率电路中的性能,得出其电流纹波和工作效率曲线。由仿真结果和试验数据对比分析可知,3D打印生产的耦合电感不仅体积小,并且能够在开关电源中稳定工作,大大提高了效率。     

基于Multisim的Boost变换器仿真

为简化Boost变换器的电路设计,应用Multisim 10对Boost变换器进行建模,并对全部工作过程进行仿真和分析. 根据电流采样电阻、电感和负载的不同,给出仿真波形和数据. 电路测试显示,电路性能能够很好地满足输出电压的设计要求,表明仿真结果正确.     

一种新的低压大电流DC-DC变换器的研究

该文比较了低压大电流DC-DC变换器各种拓扑结构的优缺点，对称半桥一倍流整流对于48V的输入电压是一种合适的拓扑结构。它可以通过两个滤波电感纹波电流的叠加，极大地减小滤波电容上的纹波电流。从而可以减小滤波电感的值。而且在滤波电容旁串联一个电感，可以极大地发挥它的作用，将滤波电容上的纹波电流进一步减小。给出了电路的仿真模型，并使用PSpice对该模型进行仿真，最后得到的仿真结果同理论分析一致，取得满意效果。     

一种交错并联Boost PFC变换器的控制方法

针对交错并联Boost PFC变换器工作在电流临界模式(Critical Conduction Mode,CRM)时,过零检测方法复杂和输入电流波形畸变的问题,提出了一种新颖的控制方法。该方法基于新型开关管电压检测电路,通过检测MOS管漏源电压,并经由比较器得到过零信号,实现了开关管的零电压开通或谷底开通,极大地降低了开关损耗。采用开关管导通时间补偿策略,提高电感电流平均值,改善了由电感和MOS管寄生电容谐振导致的输入电流波形畸变现象。最后,搭建了一台800 W的样机,实验结果验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。     

新型ZCS-PWM Buck变换器的磁集成研究

研究新型ZCS-PWM Buck变换器,通过电感和电容的谐振使流过功率开关管的电流呈正弦波形,为开关管提供了零电流开关条件。提出将分立的谐振电感和滤波电感集成在同一个平面磁芯上。理论分析和仿真结果证明了该方案的正确性和可行性。     

基于注吸电流法的Buck-Boost变换器建模与仿真

该文详细介绍了注吸电流法的建模思想和步骤，并应用注吸电流法建立了工作在电感电流断续（DCM）模式下的Buck—Boost变换器数学模型。对Buck—Boost变换器及其PI调节器构成的闭环控制系统进行了分析研究。应用Simulink＼Sim-owerSystem模块，建立了该系统的Matlab仿真模型，并进行了相应的仿真分析。仿真结果表明，所得Buck—Boost变换器数学模型的精确性和可用性可以满足要求，能够真实反映该系统的动、静态性能。满意的仿真结果与理论分析取得了一致，验证了该模型的正确性。     

Fabrication and properties of integrated magnetic inductors using an RLC model which takes into account eddy current

This article concerns the development, the fabrication and the characterization of integrated inductors using magnetic layers for use in power electronics. Properties of inductors were extracted using an electrical model which takes into account eddy current. Inductors with one and two magnetic layers were fabricated with thicknesses varying between 100 and 500 µm. Measurements carried out with a Vector Network Analyzer up to 350 MHz are presented. The results show that the use of one magnetic layer allows the inductance of the coreless inductor to be multiplied by two and an inductor with two magnetic layers allows the inductance of the coreless inductor to be multiplied by 15 for 500 µm magnetic thickness layers.

     

Design, fabrication and testing of sandwich coupled inductors

A planar coupled inductor having sandwich coil structure is fabricated using MEMS microfabrication techniques. The structure of the inductor coil is designed to achieve high coupling and high winding number with a relatively small coil area. In this work, the structure is fabricated by bonding two planar on-chip coil fabricated on two different substrates. This method can replace the conventional via connections that cause various problems in output pads interconnection. The functionality of the fabricated device was tested, while the basic characteristics of the fabricated coil were measured at wide range of operating frequency using cascade GSG probe and compared with the simulation. For measurements up to 1?GHz, three resonance frequencies, inductance of 35?nH and resistance of as low as 25?Ω were observed. The results show that the proposed technique is a promising alternative method for fabricating a simple and cost effective 3-D coupled inductors.     

Chip-level integration of RF MEMS on-chip inductors using UV-LIGA technique

This paper presents a chip-level integration of radio-frequency (RF) microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) air-suspended circular spiral on-chip inductors onto MOSIS RF circuit chips of LNA and VCO using a multi-layer UV-LIGA technique including SU-8 UV lithography and copper electroplating. A high frequency simulation package, HFSS, was used to determine the layout of MEMS on-chip inductors with inductance values close to the target inductance values required for the RF circuit chips within the range of 10%. All MEMS on-chip inductors were successfully fabricated using a contrast enhancement method for 50 μm air suspension without any physical deformations. High frequency measurement and modeling of the integrated inductors revealed relatively high quality factors over 10 and self-resonant frequencies more than 15 GHz for a 1.44 nH source inductor and a 3.14 nH drain inductor on low resistivity silicon substrates (0.014 Ω cm). The post-IC integration of RF MEMS on-chip inductors onto RF circuit chips at a chip scale using a multi-layer UV-LIGA technique along with high frequency measurement and modeling demonstrated in this work will open up new avenues with the wider integration feasibility of MEMS on-chip inductors in RF applications for cost-effective prototype applications in small laboratories and businesses.     

片上射频磁介质电感的设计与仿真

片上无源电感是RF IC中需求很高的器件.将适宜的磁材料引入到射频微电感中,既可有效地提升电感L值,从而使电感所需面积减小,又能保持甚或提升电感Q值,是实现高性能、小尺寸射频微电感的一种非常有前景的方法.我们设计了不同结构的磁介质微电感,通过软件仿真研究了电感结构和材料参数变化对电感性能的影响,为研制小尺寸、高性能片上磁介质电感提供了理论指导.     

Principle of designing slope compensation in PFC Boost converter

Due to wide input fluctuation with line frequency of 50 Hz, power-factor-correction (PFC) Boost converters tend to exhibit fast-scale instability over time domain. The traditional remedy is to impose slope compensation so as to weaken or eliminate this instability. A theoretical principle on the implementation of slope compensation signal is still lacking. Empirical design will induce over compensation frequently, resulting in a large decrease of power factor. In order to tackle this issue, by constructing the discrete-time iterative map of the PFC Boost converter from the viewpoint of bifurcation control theory of nonlinear systems, consequently, the criterion of critical stability for the PFC circuit can be established. Based on this stability criterion, appropriate design of slope compensation can be achieved. Our work indicates that 3 main circuit parameters (i.e. switching cycle, output reference voltage and inductor) determine the effective amplitude design of the slope compensation signal. The results, validated by a large quantity of analytical and numerical studies, show that appropriate slope compensation can be effective in weakening (or controlling) fast-scale bifurcation while maintaining a rather high input power factor.     

“Ni–Zn铁氧体颗粒–光刻胶”覆盖的 片上射频电感

本文报道了采用新型"纳米颗粒一光刻胶"混合旋涂技术制作的片上射频Ni-Zn铁氧体磁膜微电感.成相良好的Ni0.3Zn0.6Cu0.1Fe2O4铁氧体纳米颗粒在光刻胶中均匀混合,再将该混合物涂覆在螺旋电感线圈上,实现电感性能的提升.这种新型低温工艺避免了常规制作铁氧体器件方法带来的高温处理(>600℃)对集成电路的破坏.与无磁膜覆盖样品对比,铁氧体覆盖电感的电感量在0.1～4 GHz提升了14～27%.这是实现高性能、全兼容铁氧体集成片上RF IC电感的一种很有前景的途径.     

Radio-frequency inductor synthesis using evolutionary computation and Gaussian-process surrogate modeling

In recent years, the application of evolutionary computation techniques to electronic circuit design problems, ranging from digital to analog and radiofrequency circuits, has received increasing attention. The level of maturity runs inversely to the complexity of the design task, less complex in digital circuits, higher in analog ones and still higher in radiofrequency circuits. Radiofrequency inductors are key culprits of such complexity. Their key performance parameters are inductance and quality factors, both a function of the frequency. The inductor optimization requires knowledge of such parameters at a few representative frequencies. Most common approaches for optimization-based radiofrequency circuit design use analytical models for the inductors. Although a lot of effort has been devoted to improve the accuracy of such analytical models, errors in inductance and quality factor in the range of 5%–25% are usual and it may go as high as 200% for some device sizes. When the analytical models are used in optimization-based circuit design approaches, these errors lead to suboptimal results, or, worse, to a disastrous non-fulfilment of specifications. Expert inductor designers rely on iterative evaluations with electromagnetic simulators, which, properly configured, are able to yield a highly accurate performance evaluation. Unfortunately, electromagnetic simulations typically take from some tens of seconds to a few hours, hampering their coupling to evolutionary computation algorithms. Therefore, analytical models and electromagnetic simulation represent extreme cases of the accuracy-efficiency trade-off in performance evaluation of radiofrequency inductors. Surrogate modeling strategies arise as promising candidates to improve such trade-off. However, obtaining the necessary accuracy is not that easy as inductance and quality factor at some representative frequencies must be obtained and both performances change abruptly around the self-resonance frequency, which is particular to each device and may be located above or below the frequencies of interest. Both, offline and online training methods will be considered in this work and a new two-step strategy for inductor modeling is proposed that significantly improves the accuracy of offline methods The new strategy is demonstrated and compared for both, single-objective and multi-objective optimization scenarios. Numerous experimental results show that the proposed two-step approach outperforms simpler application strategies of surrogate modelling techniques, getting comparable performances to approaches based on electromagnetic simulation but with orders of magnitude less computational effort.     

高功率因数双开关升压整流器的单周期控制方法

研究了一种高功率因数的双开关升压整流器的单周期控制方法。在该整流器中。二极管整流电路和功率因数校正环节结合在一起。减少了导通损耗。具有效率高，结构简单等特点。但是由于升压电感在交流侧，电流和电压检测不是很方便。为此，引进单周期控制技术。它不需要检测交流输入电压。而且对输入电流的检测也相对简单。同时单周期控制电路具有简单可靠、响应快、成本低、易于实现等特点。文中较为详细地分析了单周期控制双开关升压整流器的工作原理和实现方式，最后在PSpice中进行了仿真验证。     

The effect of a metal PGS on the Q‐factor of spiral inductors for RF and mm‐wave applications in a 28‐nm CMOS technology

In this paper, the effect of a metal patterned ground shield (PGS) on the performance of monolithic inductors is investigated. To this aim, three spiral inductors integrated in a 28‐nm fully depleted (FD) silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) CMOS technology are analyzed by means of a 3‐D FEM‐based commercial software. The inductors have been designed at different operating frequencies in the RF and mm‐wave ranges to better explore the effect of the PGS. Extensive analysis revealed that the shield is able to improve the quality factor (Q‐factor) only of the inductor operated at the lowest frequency (ie, K‐band). On the contrary, it has a detrimental effect on the Q‐factor of the inductors working at higher frequencies. This is mainly due to induced losses in the PGS itself, which are so high to frustrate the substrate loss reduction. This result gives a different perspective to the adoption of the PGS for CMOS integrated inductors, which is largely recommended to improve inductor performance in the current state of the art.