The performance of ultrafine talc in rigid PVC

This paper demonstrates how ultrafine talc can be used in a rigid PVC formulation to design a compound with increased stiffness and high impact strength. The talc's shape and particle size, combined with the affects of increased levels of impact modifier, produce a PVC material with an outstanding impact stiffness balance. Although more expensive than conventional PVC formulations, it can compete with other resins, such as ABS, in high performance applications.     

ZnS as fire retardant in plasticised PVC

The flame retardant effect of zinc sulphide (ZnS) in plasticised poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC‐P) materials was investigated. PVC‐P containing different combinations of additives such as 5% ZnS, 5% of antimony oxide (Sb₂O₃) and 5% of mixtures based on Sb₂O₃ and ZnS were compared. The thermal degradation and the combustion behaviour were studied using thermogravimetry (TG), coupled with FTIR (TG–FTIR) or with mass spectroscopy (TG–MS), and a cone calorimeter, respectively. A detailed and unambiguous understanding of the decomposition and release of the pyrolysis products was obtained using both TG–MS and TG–FTIR. The influence of ZnS, Sb₂O₃ and the corresponding mixtures on the thermal decomposition of PVC‐P was demonstrated. Synergism was observed for the combination of the two additives. The combustion behaviour (time to ignition, heat release, smoke production, mass loss, CO production) was monitored versus external heat fluxes between 30 and 75 kW m^?2 with the cone calorimeter. Adding 5% of ZnS has no significant influence on the fire behaviour of PVC‐P materials beyond a dilution effect, whereas Sb₂O₃ works as an effective fire retardant. Synergism of ZnS and Sb₂O₃ allows the possibility of replacing half of Sb₂O₃ by ZnS to reach equivalent fire retardancy. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

不同工艺条件下PVC、PVG阻燃带质量性能对比分析

织物整芯阻燃输送带是我国于20世纪90年代从英国引进的品种,通过吸收、消化和创新,我国阻燃带的生产技术和产品质量已达到世界先进水平,其产量和用量位居世界第一。据不完全统计,2006年织物整芯阻燃输送带的生产和使用量均超过1000万米,     

无机复合阻燃消烟剂在PVC材料中的应用

分析了高分子材料阻燃消烟的必要性，报道了研制的SY928系列无机复合阻燃消烟剂在PVC电工套管和电缆料中的应用效果。     

纳米碳酸钙原位聚合聚氯乙烯树脂的性能及应用

介绍了纳米碳酸钙原位聚合聚氯乙烯的结构和性能,同时对该树脂进行了有关的应用试验,并对其发展前景作了科学展望。     

The influence of novel zinc hydroxystannate-coated fillers on the fire properties of flexible PVC

Zinc hydroxystannate (ZHS), at levels of 2-5 phr, and the hydrated fillers, magnesium hydroxide (MH) and alumina trihydrate (ATH), at levels of 20–50 phr, are effective flame retardants and smoke suppressants for flexible PVC. Novel ZHS-coated hydrated fillers are found to exhibit markedly improved fire-retardant properties, particularly with regard to increasing LOI values, reducing heat release rates and suppressing smoke generation, when compared with conventional uncoated forms. The ZHS coating appears to change the filler particle morphology and there is evidence that the coating is largely retained on the filler surface after melt processing into the PVC. The improved dispersion of the active tin compound in the polymer matrix leads to enhanced fire retardancy and this, in turn, allows significant reductions to be made in overall filler loading, with no loss in flame-retardant or smoke-suppressant performance. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

聚氯乙烯项目消防审核分析

介绍了聚氯乙烯生产过程中存在的消防安全隐患并提出了相应的解决措施。     

建立科学的聚氯乙烯性能评价体系

介绍了PVC树脂的质量指标对PVC加工性能的意义。通过对4种国内外不同厂家生产的PVC树脂进行形态结构、物理性能、加工流变性能、力学性能及热性能的对比分析,发现国产PVC树脂质量与国外PVC产品存在明显的差异,并提出了改进PVC树脂性能的方法,为提高我国PVC树脂的质量找到了相关依据。     

聚氯乙烯阻燃抑烟研究进展

综述了近年来PVC的发烟机理,无机和有机阻燃抑烟剂改性PVC的研究进展。     

软质PVC阻燃抑烟的研究

介绍了各类阻燃剂(如氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、锑系、磷系、硼系、钼系)的性能及阻燃机理,并对软质PVC材料的阻燃抑烟性能进行了实验。结果表明：经偶联剂处理过的阻燃剂,由于增强了其与基体的界面结合力。从而使其力学性能得到提高;三氧化钼的用量对聚合物的阻燃效果影响不明显,而随着硼酸锌和三氧化二锑用量的增加,其阻燃效果越来越好。     

The properties of recycled PVC bottle compounds. 1: Mechanical performance

The properties of recycled PVC bottle material separated from the post-consumer waste stream were investigated. In the first part of this study, attention was focused on the mechanical properties. In order to examine the effects of recycling, the properties of the recycled material were compared with those of virgin PVC and pure material that had been processed into bottles and then granulated. The effects of pulverization of the recycled material were also studied. The mechanical properties investigated included tensile, fatigue, and environmental stress cracking tests, in conjection with fracture surface examination, molecular weight determination, and impurity analysis. It was found that the recycled material did show significant reduction in strength and ductility, though pulverization improved the situation considerably. The main reason for this was the presence of impurities, especially PET, which although present at levels below 0.5% had a large effect on the properties.     

Real fire performance of partition assemblies

A series of real‐scale compartment tests was performed to provide information on the phenomenology of partition response and failure, to guide model development. Two partition assemblies of 2.44 m × 2.44 m were exposed to two intense fires from the time of ignition to beyond flashover. The assemblies were constructed using type X gypsum panels. The stud spacing and stud dimensions were fixed for both assemblies. Heat flux gauges provided time histories of the energy incident on the partitions, while thermocouples provided data on the propagation of heat through the partitions and on the progress toward perforation. Visual and infrared cameras were used to image partition behavior during the fire exposure. The results obtained from these experiments are discussed. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

PVC期货上市交易运行情况分析

介绍了期货市场的产生过程,分析了PVC期货自2009年上市以来的交易运行情况。     

Improved performance properties of PVC food wrap film

A new complex ester additive has been developed for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) food wrap film. This material imparts significantly improved fog resistance and exhibits superior anti-static characteristics compared to conventional systems. A “mushroom sensitivity” test shows that this new anti-fog agent has no effect on color or consistency of mushrooms. Effects of conventional anti-fog systems and this new proprietary product in PVC films are compared in: (a) fog tests at room temperature and at 2°C–5°C, (b) static decay measurements, and (c) thermal stability and optical properties.     

Ionic liquids enhanced performance of PVC gels actuator

Stimulated devices are highly demanded for actuators and artificial muscles in the recent era but susceptible to low deformation at an applied voltage. In the present work, ionic liquids (ILs) based gel films were prepared from the polyvinyl chloride (PVC), dibutyl adipate (DBA), 1-butyl, 3-methimidazolium chloride, and 1-pentyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate by a simple solvent evaporation method. The structural, morphological, optical, and mechanical properties of the composite PVC/ILs gel were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Large Angle X-ray scattering (LAXS), UV–visible (UV–vis) absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron micrpscopy (SEM) and elemental mapping. We found that the displacement of plasticized PVC gels-based actuator was 0.1 mm with the response time of 0.33 s at an induced voltage of 1000 V. The loading of 0.02% of IL (fluorides) with PVC gel showed maximum deformation of 0.16 mm with a relatively rapid response time of 0.2 s. These high deformation and response time values of IL fluoride-based gels are dramatically higher than reported PVC gels. Likewise, the loading of IL fluorides in the PVC gel showed a high elongation value at the break of about 377%. This work suggests that the flexible gel based on IL fluorides and PVC could be a potential candidate for the fabrication of high-performance artificial muscles and tunable soft actuators.     

FeOOH/Sb2O3对PVC共混物的阻燃消烟作用

分析了铁化物／锑化物的阻燃消烟作用。实验结果表明,锑化物和铁化物在ABS／PVC共混物中,可以增加共混物的阻燃能力,同时发现两种金属氧化物在减少高分子燃烧时的发烟量方面有协同作用。在共混物燃烧过程中,对增加烧焦物的形成有促进作用。     

Physical modelling fire performance of wall-covering materials

A small-scale enclosure was constructed for characterizing the contribution of interior finish wall-lining materials to fire growth in compartments. The enclosure was based upon refinements to a design devised by scientists at the National Institute for Standards and Technology for quarter-scale modelling of room fire tests on interior-finish materials. A large volume of evidence is presented demonstrating how this small-scale enclosure could provide the information about surface flammability, heat release, smoke generation and contribution to fire growth that is required for a reasonable assessment of the fire performance of interior wall-finish materials.     

Moderating the smoke produced by flexible and semi-rigid PVC in fire tests

Flexible and semi-rigid PVC formulations with high oxygen indexes and low smoke densities, as measured by the NBS Smoke Test (ASTM E662-83) in both flaming and non-flaming modes have been identified. The feasibility of a significant reduction of HCl emission from PVC compounds has been demonstrated in concept, and appears to be achievable when accompanied by increased oxygen index and/or significant reductions in rate of heat release and in smoke density, when measured in both the non-flaming and flaming modes. PVC compounds, including those incorporating the kind of improvements outlined here for experimental prototypes, may be expected to compete in the future in both performance and price compared to other plastics materials.     

Evaluating fire blocking performance of barrier fabrics

A series of evaluations were performed on different types of barrier fabrics (BFs) used in soft furnishings. Fundamental properties that influence the heat transfer characteristics of barrier material as it relates to thermal protection of cushioning components in upholstered products are discussed. This is important to enable a priori selection of BFs such that a final upholstered product complies with flammability regulations. Heat transfer measurements are used to determine effectiveness of materials to be used as barrier materials. A new bench‐scale composite test method is also described to assess qualitative fire blocking performance of BFs. When tested for heat transfer characteristics, the area density and thickness of BFs show strong influence. However, when tested as a composite in a mock‐up assembly, the BFs considered in this study showed a clear distinction between active and passive BFs. In the case of chemically active BFs, the construction parameters and material properties such as thickness, air permeability, and heat transfer were of little significance. In the case of passive BFs, however, these parameters became decisive. Results from this study suggest that if the BF is not an active fire barrier, then the amount of heat transferred through BF is critical. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Polymeric plasticizers for higher performance flexible PVC applications

Flexible PVC applications can be categorized as requiring either general or higher performance characteristics. In many application areas, specification requirements are becoming increasingly more severe requiring the use of polymeric polyester plasticizers in compounding. Polymeric plasticizers provide excellent migration, volatility, fluid chemical extraction, and/or weathering resistance in higher performance applications compared with that obtained from monomeric plasticizers alone.