纳米级FePt/Fe多层膜中微结构的优化与耦合效应

本文用磁控溅射法制备了一系列不同厚度Fe层的FePt/Fe多层膜,经过热处理后成功地制备出具有fct结构的FePt有序相和exchange-spring型永磁体.研究了不同热处理条件下多种膜层厚度与FePt/Fe多层膜结构、磁性及其内在关系,并探讨了FePt/Fe多层膜铁中的磁耦合失效问题.观察了不同热处理条件和层厚的FePt/Fe多层膜的结构变化过程,包括结构相变、有序度和晶粒度.研究了其磁性能随结构变化的规律,发现了耦合失效的模式.     

不同退火时间对[Ag/FePt]_(10)多层膜磁性能和微结构的影响

采用射频磁控溅射的方法,在玻璃基片上制备了不同Ag层厚度的[Ag/FePt 2nm]10多层薄膜,经550℃真空热处理后,得到L10有序结构的FePt薄膜.实验结果显示,FePt单层薄膜经550℃退火30min后其易磁化轴处于垂直方向和面内方向之间,而550℃退火60min后其易磁化轴处于垂直于膜面方向,垂直矫顽力和面内矫顽力分别为634和302kA/m;真空退火后[Ag/FePt]10多层膜表现为面内磁晶各向异性,550℃退火60min后[Ag 2.8nm/FePt 2nm]10多层薄膜垂直矫顽力和面内矫顽力分别为309和778kA/m,并且随着Ag层的加入,部分FePt颗粒已经被Ag原子隔开了,颗粒之间的交换耦合作用变弱了.     

添加AlN对FePt薄膜结构和磁性的影响

采用射频磁控溅射制备了FePt(50nm)和[FePt(2,3,5nm)/AlN(1nm)]n膜,之后在550℃退火30min,研究了周期数(n)和AlN含量对[FePt/AlN]_n系列多层膜结构及磁性的影响.结果表明,多层膜的矫顽力和矩形比均在n=8时出现较大值;周期数的增大会引起晶粒尺寸的长大;AlN的加入不但可以抑制FePt粒子的长大,使晶粒体积(V_grain)和磁激活体积(V*)趋于一致,而且还能有效地降低晶粒间交换耦合作用,并且AlN含量越大,晶粒间交换耦合作用的程度越弱.     

FePt/B4C垂直磁记录介质薄膜的制备与表征

采用直流及射频磁控溅射结合真空退火的方法成功制备了（001）择优生长的FcPt/B4C多层薄膜并对其结构与磁性能做了初步的表征．结果表明，在每一个FbPt单元层中能得到较好（001）面择优的fet相FbPt合金，并且随着B4C含量的增大，薄膜的有序度提高．高分辨透射电子显微镜及其傅立叶变换表明，FePt层为具有（001）织构的fct相Fe55Pt45合金．样品的M-H曲线显示其垂直膜面方向矫顽力约为302.481kA/m；平行膜面方向矫顽力很小．     

C掺杂对L1_0-FePt/Fe交换耦合复合薄膜磁性的影响北大核心CSCD

采用磁控溅射的方法制备了L1_0-FePt/[Fe/C]_n薄膜,并与L1_0-FePt/Fe双层膜磁性能进行了对比。结果表明,当[Fe/C]_n周期数固定时,薄膜的矫顽力随C层厚度的增大呈先减小后增大的趋势,C层厚度为1 nm时,矫顽力最低。另外,通过一系列硬磁层掺C的[L1_0-FePt/C]_(10)/Fe5 nm多层膜中发现,掺入适当的C后,不但降低薄膜的矫顽力,而且可以改善晶粒间的相互作用,提高信噪比。     

C掺杂对L1_0-FePt/Fe交换耦合复合薄膜磁性的影响

采用磁控溅射的方法制备了L1_0-FePt/[Fe/C]_n薄膜,并与L1_0-FePt/Fe双层膜磁性能进行了对比。结果表明,当[Fe/C]_n周期数固定时,薄膜的矫顽力随C层厚度的增大呈先减小后增大的趋势,C层厚度为1 nm时,矫顽力最低。另外,通过一系列硬磁层掺C的[L1_0-FePt/C]_(10)/Fe5 nm多层膜中发现,掺入适当的C后,不但降低薄膜的矫顽力,而且可以改善晶粒间的相互作用,提高信噪比。     

Ag衬底层对FePt薄膜结构和性能的影响

采用磁控溅射方法在自然氧化的单晶Si(100)衬底上制备了双层结构的FePt-X/Ag(X=Ag或Pt)薄膜.以20nm厚的Ag做衬底,可以制备出易磁化轴垂直基片的FePt合金薄膜;Ag在FePt薄膜中优先团聚,不利于控制FePt晶粒的长大,调整Pt的含量可以控制热处理过程中FePt薄膜的晶粒尺度;通过XRD、TEM、VSM对薄膜样品的结构、晶粒尺寸的观察和磁性检测,我们认为FePt合金薄膜有序化转变的最佳热处理温度在400℃;经过500℃热处理,薄膜软硬磁耦合较好,晶粒尺寸约为100nm,有最大的矫顽力1.04×106A/m.     

CoSiB/Pt多层膜垂直磁各向异性及热稳定性

采用磁控溅射方法在单面附有300 nm SiO2的单晶硅基片上制备了以Pt为底层的CoSiB/Pt多层膜样品.CoSiB/Pt层周期数确定为2,对样品底层厚度及周期层厚度进行调制,根据反常霍尔效应系统地研究了CoSiB/Pt多层膜垂直磁各向异性(perpendicular magnetic anisotropy,PMA)及薄膜的热稳定性.通过对这些参数的调节获得了具有良好垂直磁各向异性的最佳多层膜样品结构Pt(1)/[CoSiB(0.5)/Pt(1)]2,底层Pt和周期层中CoSiB,Pt的最佳厚度分别为1,0.5 nm和1 nm.对最佳样品进行XRD图谱分析,磁滞回线测量以及一系列退火处理.结果表明,样品具有明显的(111)CoPt衍射峰,形成了较好的(111)织构,界面耦合增强,结晶度较好,计算出样品的有效磁各向异性常数Keff达到5.11×104 J·m-3,样品具有良好的PMA;当退火温度为200℃时,样品的CoPt(111)峰强度显著增强,界面形成了较强的(111)织构,Keff达到最大值1.0×105J·m-3,当退火温度不超过400℃时,样品仍能保持良好的PMA.多层膜样品结构Pt(1)/[CoSiB(0.5)/Pt(1)]2具有良好的PMA和热稳定性,且合适的退火温度有利于提高样品的PMA.     

溅射方法对FePt:Ag颗粒膜磁性能及微观结构的影响

分别采用共溅射和多层膜溅射方法制备了FePt:Ag颗粒膜.样品的磁性能和微观特性分别用振动样品磁强计(VSM)、磁力显微镜(MFM)和透射电镜(TEM)进行了表征.研究结果表明:多层膜溅射制备的FePt:Ag颗粒膜能在较低的退火温度下发生有序化相变;而共溅射制备的FePt:Ag颗粒膜经过相同的退火条件后,具有更高的矫顽力,及更细、分布更均匀的晶粒和磁畴结构.     

软硬磁层厚度对L1_0-FePt/Fe交换耦合双层膜磁性能的影响:模拟与实验

首先采用磁控溅射的方法在玻璃基片上沉积不同硬/软磁层厚度的FePt/Fe交换耦合双层膜,结合实验结果,依据微磁学理论对L10-FePt/Fe交换耦合双层膜的磁性能进行研究。结果显示,当FePt硬磁层厚度固定20nm,随Fe软磁层厚度的增加双层膜矫顽力逐渐减小。当Fe软磁层厚度超过其畴壁宽度时,其对矫顽力的影响大幅度降低。Fe软磁层厚度固定为10nm,FePt硬磁层厚度发生变化时,由于理论和实际双层膜界面的不同,导致对双层膜成核场起作用的临界硬磁层厚度也不一样。     

Thermodynamic properties of Pt5La,Pt5Ce,Pt5Pr,Pt5Tb and Pt5 Tm intermetallics

The Gibbs’ energies of formation of Pt₅La, Pt₅Ce, Pt₅Pr, Pt₅Tb and Pt₅ Tm intermetallic compounds have been determined in the temperature range 870–1100 K using the solid state cell: $$Ta,M + MF_3 /CaF_2 /Pt_5 M + Pt + MF_3 ,Ta$$ . The reversible emf of the cell is directly related to the Gibbs’ energy of formation of the Pt₅M compound. The results can be summarized by the equations: $$\begin{gathered} \Delta G_f^ \circ \left\langle {Pt_5 La} \right\rangle = - 373,150 + 6 \cdot 60 T\left( { \pm 300} \right)J mol^{ - 1} \hfill \\ \Delta G_f^ \circ \left\langle {Pt_5 Ce} \right\rangle = - 367,070 + 5 \cdot 79 T\left( { \pm 300} \right)J mol^{ - 1} \hfill \\ \Delta G_f^ \circ \left\langle {Pt_5 Pr} \right\rangle = - 370,540 + 4 \cdot 69 T\left( { \pm 300} \right)J mol^{ - 1} \hfill \\ \Delta G_f^ \circ \left\langle {Pt_5 Tb} \right\rangle = - 372,280 + 4 \cdot 11 T\left( { \pm 300} \right)J mol^{ - 1} \hfill \\ \Delta G_f^ \circ \left\langle {Pt_5 Tm} \right\rangle = - 368,230 + 4 \cdot 89 T\left( { \pm 300} \right)J mol^{ - 1} \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ relative to the low temperature allotropic form of the lanthanide element and solid platinum as standard states The enthalpies of formation of all the Pt₅M intermetallic compounds obtained in this study are in good agreement with Miedema’s model. The experimental values are more negative than those calculated using the model. The variation of the thermodynamic properties of Pt₅M compounds with atomic number of the lanthanide element is discussed in relation to valence state and molar volume.     

Pt/(Pt/Co)n/FeMn/Pt多层膜中Pt插层对交换偏置场的影响

在具有垂直磁各向异性Pt／（Pt／Co）n／FeMn／Pt多层膜中的Co／FeMn界面插入极薄的Pt层时，其交换偏置场有明显提高。研究结果表明：由于在Co／FeMn界面存在界面反应，破坏了（Pt／Co）n多层膜中靠近FeMn层的Co层的垂直磁各向异性，导致垂直交换偏置场Hex减弱。当在（Pt/Co）n与FeMn界面之间插入Pt层时可以有效地阻止这一反应发生，从而提高了多层膜的垂直交换偏置场Hex。     

铂铑—铂热电偶稳定的探讨

本文对铂铑-铂热电偶的稳定性提出了新的看法,在高温梯度场内（如银熔点）的保温处理,将使热电偶更趋于稳定,并使其进入最终的稳定状态。     

Fabrication of Pt, Pt–Cu, and Pt–Sn nanofibers for direct ethanol protonic ceramic fuel cell application

Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) with a M _w of 1.3 × 10⁶ g/mol (PVP) or 4 × 10⁴ g/mol (PVP_Low) was used as a polymer to fabricate PVP–Pt, PVP–Pt–Cu, and PVP_Low–Pt–Sn composite fibers by electrospinning. The effect of varying the electrospinning conditions on the fiber morphology was investigated, and the solution composition and electrospinning parameters were optimized to obtain composite fibers with a minimal bead formation. Pt, Pt–Cu, and Pt–Sn metal nanofibers were then obtained by heat treatment of the respective PVP–metal or PVP_Low–metal composite fibers at 300, 350, and 450 °C, respectively, in air for 5 h. Single cells of a direct ethanol protonic ceramic fuel cell were subsequently fabricated by applying the metal nanofibers, or a commercial Pt paste, as the anode on the surfaces of BaY_0.2Zr_0.8O_3?δ pellets and Pt paste as the cathode. The I–V polarization results showed that the metal nanofiber-based anode single cells provided higher maximum power densities than that of the Pt paste anode, with the Pt nanofiber-based anode single cell producing the highest maximum power density of 0.58 mW/cm² at 550 °C.     

Rectifying switching characteristics of Pt/ZnO/Pt structure based resistive memory

40 nm thick amorphous ZnO thin films were deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering at room temperature and asymmetric electrical switching characteristics are observed in the macroscopic symmetric Pt/ZnO/Pt structure. The crystal structure was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The chemical bonding states of ZnO resistive switching layer was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Keithley 4200 semiconductor characterization system was used to measure the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the fabricated devices. The results reveal that a reversible resistive switching behavior between the high resistance state and the low resistance state with rectifying effects can be repeated for more than 100 dc cycles. This asymmetric electrical behavior is thought to be related to the naturally self-formed PtOx between ZnO film and the Pt bottom electrode, which introduces an energy barrier when electrons flow from top electrode towards the bottom electrode. The model of Pt/ZnO/Pt memory cell is expected to be able to alleviate the misreading error in cross-point array for high density integrations.     

Rapid synthesis of cubic Pt nanoparticles and their use for the preparation of Pt nanoagglomerates

We report the synthesis of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-stabilized cubic Pt nanoparticles by NaBH4 reduction of H2PtCl6 in aqueous CTAB solution. These Pt nanoparticles (average size of 7 nm) were well dispersed in aqueous solution and stable at least for 2 months. Addition of a trace amount of AgNO3 can alter the morphology of these Pt nanoparticles. More interestingly, the as-prepared uniform Pt nanoparticles were further developed into bigger Pt nanoagglomerates (approximately 20 to 47 nm) by a seed-mediate growth process. Dentritic and spherical Pt nanoagglomerates can be synthesized by altering the incubation time and their size can be tuned by controlling the amount of the seeds added.     

Effect of Ga irradiation on the magneto-optic spectra of Pt/Co/Pt sandwiches

Interfacial changes in rf sputtered Pt/Co(2.6 nm)/Pt sandwiches grown onto sapphire (Al₂O₃) substrates induced by irradiation of 30 keV Ga⁺ ions at low dose (10¹⁴ ions/cm²) have been investigated by magneto-optic polar Kerr rotation (PKR) spectroscopy between 1 and 5 eV. The irradiation resulted in an increase of PKR over the whole spectral range. The measured PKR spectra were compared with those computed from the transfer matrix formalism using known polar Kerr rotation and ellipticity spectra for Co and five Co_xPt_1 − x alloys. The comparison between measured and computed PKR spectra provided an in-depth profile of Co and Pt ion distributions across the sandwich and confirmed that irradiation favors alloying in the vicinity of the two interfaces. These results are in a good agreement with the profile evaluated independently by TRIDYN simulations. Our results evidence an asymmetry in the irradiation effect due to an excess of Pt-Co alloying at the upper interface. Moreover, the observation of a negative PKR peak around 3.2 eV states definitively the presence of a chemically ordered Co_0.75Pt_0.25 alloy phase inside the irradiated film structure.     

Segmented Pt/Ru, Pt/Ni, and Pt/RuNi nanorods as model bifunctional catalysts for methanol oxidation

Five-segment (Pt-Ru-Pt-Ru-Pt, Pt-Ni-Pt-Ni-Pt, and Pt-RuNi-Pt-RuNi-Pt) nanorods with the same overall rod length and the same total Pt segment length were prepared by sequential electrodeposition of the metals into the pores of commercially available anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) showed that the nanorods were about 210 nm in diameter and about 1.5 microm in length. The alternating Pt and oxophilic metal(s) segments could be easily differentiated in backscattered-electron images. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the nanorods indicated that Pt and Ni were polycrystalline with fcc structures, Ru was hcp, and the co-deposited RuNi adopted the nickel fcc structure with some negative shifts in the Bragg angles. The chemical states of Pt, Ru, and Ni on the nanorod surface were assayed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the presence of Pt(0), Pt(II), Pt(IV), Ru(0), Ru(VI), Ni(0), and Ni(II) was observed. The nanorods were catalytically active for the room-temperature electrooxidation of methanol in acidic solutions. The relative rates of reaction showed the Pt-RuNi pair sites as having the lowest overpotential to dissociate water, the highest catalytic activity in methanol oxidation, and the strongest CO-tolerance in the potential window employed. The use of segmented nanorods with identifiable Pt-oxophilic metal(s) interfaces removes many of the ambiguities in the interpretation of experimental data from conventional alloy catalysts, thereby enabling a direct comparison of the activities of various types of pair sites in methanol oxidation.