炭化聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯／聚丙烯腈核壳聚合物制备炭纳米空心球

采用炭化聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)/聚丙烯腈(PAN)核壳聚合物的方法制备了炭纳米空心球.以两步无皂乳液聚合法制备了PMMA/PAN核壳粒子:首先以间歇无皂乳聚合法制备出直径约200 nm的PMMA粒子乳液,再以其作为种子乳液,以饥饿滴定法在PMMA外表而聚合一层厚度约30 nm的PAN外壳.将制备的PMMA/PAN乳液冷冻干燥后,分别经过250℃预氧化及1000℃炭化工艺,制备了炭纳米空心球.透射电镜结果显示所有核壳粒子均炭化成空心球并呈现交联状态.     

聚苯乙烯基核壳型微球的研究进展

主要综述了聚苯乙烯基复合微球的制备方法,主要包括化学沉积法、逐层自组装法、溶胶-凝胶法以及种子乳液聚合法,详细介绍了聚苯乙烯基核壳型微球在催化、复合材料及生物医药领域的应用,并展望了聚苯乙烯基复合微球的发展前景。     

单分散中空聚苯乙烯微球制备

采用搅拌乳化方法制备水包油(W1/O)型乳状液,经膜乳化法制得单分散的复乳(W1/O/W2)型乳状液,再通过液中干燥法制得单分散中空聚苯乙烯(PS)微球.考察了shirasu porous glass(SPG)膜孔径对乳状液液滴粒径及粒径分布、表面活性剂浓度对PS微球中空率和单分散性的影响.由激光粒度分析仪结果及PS微球的SEM照片证实,制得的PS微球,粒径呈单分散,是SPG膜孔径的2.0～2.4倍且具有中空结构.     

核-壳式聚苯乙烯/二氧化硅复合微球及空腔硅球的制备

利用层层自组装的方法制备了粒径和组成可裁剪、具有核-壳式结构的单分散聚苯乙烯(PS)/二氧化硅(SiO₂)复合微球.对复合微球进行热处理除去有机物中心,制备出壁厚可剪裁的空腔硅球.透射电镜(TEM)照片显示二氧化硅纳米颗粒在中心外生成均匀壳层,而煅烧后则可得到轮廓分明的球形空腔;热重分析(TG)说明复合球体的硅含量随着所组装的纳米二氧化硅的粒径的增加而增加;比较PS、SiO₂、复合球体及热处理后的粉体的红外光谱,可分别验证二氧化硅的成功组装和热处理过程中作为中心的PS的完全去除.在吸附相同层的前提下,随着所选用的二氧化硅纳米粒子(10um,20um,40um)的粒径的增大,复合微球的粒径增大,空腔球体的壁厚增加.     

聚合物中空微球的制备及粒径控制EI北大核心CSCD

采用种子乳液聚合法制备了高羧基含量的多层核/壳聚合物微球,然后用氨水对其进行碱处理,形成了粒径均一且内部具有空腔结构的聚合物微球。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对核壳微球上的官能团进行分析;结合电导滴定曲线及Zeta电位值对聚合物微球亲水核/疏水壳的结构进行确定。研究了乳化剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)用量和碱处理过程中的碱酸摩尔比对微球粒径及形貌的影响。结果表明,核、多层核/壳和聚合物中空微球的粒径及空腔直径均随SDS用量的增加而减小;碱酸摩尔比的增加有利于聚合物微球体积的膨胀,所得中空微球粒径及空腔直径均随碱酸摩尔比的增加而增大。控制乳化剂用量为0.01~0.03 g,碱酸摩尔比为1.0~2.0,可制得粒径为355~790 nm、空腔为118~450 nm的聚合物中空微球。     

核壳高分子微球的制备

介绍了核壳高分子微还需的制备方法及影响因素，并制备出了核壳型聚苯乙烯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球，同时进行了表征。     

具有核壳结构聚氯乙烯-聚苯胺合金材料的制备与性能

以微发泡聚氯乙烯(PVC)为模板,以十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)水溶液为掺杂剂和酸性介质,通过原位聚合法成功制备了PVC-聚苯胺(PANI)导电合金,应用元素分析、红外光谱、扫描电镜、四探针电导测试表征了PVC-PANI合金粉体的结构与性能,并论证了掺杂机理。结果表明,PVC-PANI合金具有表面镶嵌包覆、内部局部交联的结构;PANI在复合粉体中的质量分数达到了10.28%,电导率达到80 S/m;以PVC-PANI合金粉体为填料,所得PVC-PANI/PVC共混物材料的导电逾渗阈值在聚苯胺质量分数为2.0%~3.3%时,PVC-PANI/PVC共混物材料的电阻率急剧下降(109Ω·cm→106Ω·cm),实现了PVC的导电功能化。     

聚苯乙烯/银核壳结构纳米微球的制备与表征

采用两步法的简单路线制备出银纳米粒子包覆的聚苯乙烯(PS)微球,首先通过乳液聚合法合成出聚苯乙烯微球;然后对苯乙烯进行敏化和活化,搅拌下加入银的还原液,从而制备出Ag-PS核壳结构的纳米微球.同时借助于TEM、UV-vis、 FE-SEM进行表征,分析其微观结构.结果表明,所得的聚苯乙烯微球粒径约为40nm;聚苯乙烯/银核壳结构纳米微球粒径为45～350nm,银层厚度可随意调控.     

结构可控PMMA/PAN/PMMA三层核壳聚合物微球的制备与表征

采用多步无皂乳液聚合的方法合成了三层核壳结构的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/聚丙烯腈/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA/PAN/PMMA)聚合物微球。并通过改变单体加入量得到一系列不同结构的三层核壳微球。使用激光粒度仪、红外光谱、扫描电镜等对得到的三层微球进行表征。结果表明,制备的聚合物微球具有清晰的三层核壳结构,直径在300 nm~500nm之间;其第二层及第三层厚度可分别控制在15 nm~30 nm,40 nm~70 nm之间,较易实现了三层核壳聚合物结构的控制。     

纳米银/聚苯乙烯核壳粒子的制备与表征

研究了纳米银粒子的表面修饰技术与纳米银/聚苯乙烯核壳粒子的制备技术,采用乳液聚合方法制备出纳米银/聚苯乙烯核壳粒子,并借助于TEM、XPS、FTIR分析了其微观结构。     

Preparation of submicrometer-sized titania hollow spheres by templating sulfonated polystyrene latex particles

Submicrometer-sized titania hollow spheres with tunable shell thickness and smooth surfaces have been successfully synthesized by employing sulfonated polystyrene (PS) latex particles as a template in sol-gel method. The structure of the particles was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The shell thickness was readily tuned by altering the concentration of titanium tetrabutoxide (TBOT) in ethanol solutions. The surface roughness as well as the shell thickness has the tendency to increase with the increase in the concentration of TBOT. The diameter of the hollow spheres was on the average of 20-26% smaller than the diameter of template PS latex particles. Some titania fragments were also observed for the sample with the highest TBOT concentration.     

A novel method for preparation of hollow and solid carbon spheres

Hollow and solid carbon spheres were prepared by the reaction of ferrocene and ammonium carbonate in a sealed quartz tube at 500°C. The morphology and microstructure of the product were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The carbon spheres are amorphous and their diameters range from 0·8–2·8 μm. The shell thickness of the hollow carbon spheres is not uniform and ranges from 100–180 nm. It is suggested that ammonium carbonate is crucial for the formation of carbon spheres and its amount also influences the morphology of the product. The method may be suitable for large scale preparation of carbon spheres.     

Simple synthesis of hollow carbon spheres from glucose

Hollow carbon spheres were prepared by the reaction between glucose and Zn particles at 550 °C. Scanning and transmission electron microscopies reveal that most of the spheres are about 1-2 µm in diameter, similar to the sizes of the Zn particle. The shells of the spheres are comprised of numerous hollow nanospheres with the diameter of 10-100 nm. The specific surface area of the spheres is 207 m²/g. The Zn particles act as both the reactant and the template for the micron-scale spheres, and the H₂ bubbles generated during the reaction as the template for the hollow nanospheres.     

用核壳型聚合物粒子增韧改性环氧树脂

介绍了环氧树脂增韧改性的新方法,即用橡胶弹性体、热塑性树脂、刚性粒子和核壳型结构聚合物来增韧环氧树脂。采用种子乳液聚合法制备出了聚丙烯酸丁酯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PBA/PMMA)核壳型聚合物粒子,并对其表观形貌及结构进行了SEM和FTIR分析。将所制备的核壳型聚合物粒子增韧改性环氧树脂,当用量仅为环氧树脂用量2％时,冲击强度有明显提高。     

Synthesis of submicron size hollow carbon spheres by a chemical reduction — solvothermal method using carbon tetrachloride as carbon source

A simple, rapid and energy efficient approach based on copper mediated chemical reduction — solvothermal method was employed to prepare submicron size hollow carbon spheres (SHCS) using carbon tetrachloride as carbon source. The obtained SHCS were characterized by means of various physico-chemical techniques like nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements at 77 K, XRD, SEM, TEM, EDX and FT-Raman techniques. Thus characterized samples displayed macroporous nature of carbon with carbon and chloride contents of about 73% and 12% on atomic basis respectively. The presence of chloride content may open new avenues for surface modifications of SHCS in the area of catalysis and separation science.     

Layer-by-layer assembly of imogolite nanotubes and polyelectrolytes into core-shell particles and their conversion to hierarchically porous spheres

Core-shell particles were prepared by the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of imogolite (IMO) nanotubes and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) on polystyrene particles (diameter: 800 nm) coated preliminarily with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA). PSS and imogolite were alternately adsorbed on the particles to form core-shell particles with one to three bilayers of PSS/IMO. Macroporous hollow spheres were formed by removing polystyrene cores via heat treatment or extraction when the number of bilayers was 2 or 3. The sample formed by extraction (the number of bilayer was 3) showed only macroporosity and PSS remained in the shell, whereas the heat-treated sample showed hierarchical micro- and macroporosities. When the diameter of polystyrene particles decreased from 800 nm to 300 or 100 nm, hollow spheres were deformed because of the increase in the relative length of imogolite nanotubes against the size of polystyrene particles. Imogolite is a promising building block of hierarchically porous materials with core-shell morphologies using LbL assembly.     

二茂铁与氯化铵用量对气压法制备炭空心球直径的影响(英文)

研究了二茂铁和氯化铵的用量对气压法制备炭空心球直径的影响.炭空心球的形貌与直径通过场发射扫描电镜表征.实验发现:炭空心球的直径主要分布在1 μm ～10 μm,形貌基本一致.在二茂铁与氯化铵质量比一定时,炭空心球的直径随着原料总量增加而增大.当氯化铵过量时,炭空心球的直径存在双峰分布,但中位径基本不变.在合成过程中,铁颗粒与液态Fe(NH3)2Cl2模板的团聚,以及铁铵络合物之间的相互转化是影响炭空心球直径的主要因素.     

NixFe3-xO4包覆空心玻璃微球的铁氧体化学镀制备及性能

采用铁氧体化学镀技术,在空心玻璃微球表面包覆了一层NixFe3-xO4膜,并采用X-射线衍射仪,扫描电子显微镜和电子能谱对其进行了表征.空心玻璃微球表面薄膜的厚度约为0.5微米,具有非晶结构.反应物的比例以及制备条件能够影响所制备铁氧体薄膜中镍和铁的比例.振动样品磁强计研究结果表明退火后样品显示铁磁特性.     

The size modulation of hollow mesoporous carbon spheres synthesized by a simplified hard template route

Hollow mesoporous carbon spheres (HMCSs) have been prepared by a simplified replication route from a solid silica core/mesoporous silica shell aluminosilicate (SCMS-Al) template, which was synthesized by directly incorporating aluminum species into the mesoporous framework during template synthesis. The size of HMCSs can be tuned between 80 and 470 nm by simply changing the diameters of SCMS-Al. The HMCSs have uniform mesopores with a narrow pore size distribution (3.4-4.1 nm), and high surface area, (890-1150 m²/g) and total pore volumes (0.75-1.15 cm³/g). The techniques of N₂ sorption isotherms, TEM, EDX and SEM were used to characterize the as-synthesized spheres.