JV481Q发动机燃用液化石油气的燃烧特性与功率恢复

阐述了液化石油气的燃烧特性 ,针对桑塔纳JV4 81Q发动机改装为汽油 /LPG双燃料发动机后功率下降的问题 ,采用增大压缩比、调整点火提前角和进气补给等措施 ,使发动机功率得到较好恢复 ,动力性接近发动机燃油时的水平     

液化石油气发动机的性能及故障特征

分析了液化石油气（LPG）作为发动机燃料时的特点，以及LPG－汽油双燃料发动机的性能特点和实用化技术，介绍LPG发动机的发展状况，对LPG－汽油双燃料发动机的故障特征作探讨，针对此类双燃料发动机的技术调整和改进方面提出了观点。     

JV481Q发动机燃用液化石油气的燃烧特笥与功率恢复

阐述了液化石油气的燃烧特性,针对桑塔纳JV481Q发动机改装为汽油／LPG双燃料发动机后功率下降的问题,采用增大压缩比、调整点火提前角和进气补给等措施,使发动机功率得到较好恢复,动力性接近发动机燃油时的水平。     

LPG-汽油双燃料电喷发动机工作原理分析

受环境保护和能源短缺的影响,双燃料发动机改造技术在各国得到大力的发展.本文分析了LPG的燃烧特性,阐述了LPG-汽油双燃料发动机的组成及工作原理,并与汽油发动机的性能相比较,提出了改进双燃料发动机性能的一些思路.     

LPG／汽油双燃料发动机排放规律的试验研究

介绍LPG／汽油双燃料发动机的排放特性,主要分析燃用LPG时发动机的排放规律,并对比分析了燃用汽油和燃用LPG时发动机的排放规律。     

摩托车发动机电控喷射LPG/汽油双燃料系统的试验研究

介绍了电控喷射LPG／汽油双燃料系统及控制方法,并进行了系统和原机对比的排放试验及LPG喷射量对发动机性能的影响试验。试验结果表明：LPG／汽油双燃料系统可以大幅降低CO、HC排放;在稳态工况下,较小的LPG喷气量变化,对发动机混合气空燃比和动力性影响不大,而对排放性能影响较大。     

汽油/柴油双燃料发动机的低速高负荷扩展

在一台改造的单缸发动机上开展了进气道喷射汽油、缸内直喷柴油的双燃料燃烧模式的低速高负荷扩展研究.结果表明:汽油/柴油双燃料发动机高负荷工况需配合高比例废气再循环(EGR),当采用原机相同工况的进气压力时,由于进气量不足抑制了高EGR率的应用,导致高NO_x排放.通过提高进气压力,稳定燃烧对应的柴油喷油时刻范围变宽,汽油比例上限提高,降低了燃烧控制的难度.但由于汽油/柴油双燃料发动机的汽油高度预混合特性及直喷柴油引起的局部不均匀性,导致缸内最大压力升高率(MPRR)及碳烟排放偏高,限制了其向更高负荷的扩展.在提高进气压力的同时,通过提高汽油比例及EGR率,实现了在限定条件下向更高负荷的扩展及燃油消耗率的降低.相比于原柴油机,汽油/柴油双燃料发动机高负荷扩展的受限因素由进气增压前的高NO_x排放转变为增压后的高压力升高率.     

双燃料发动机天然气逃逸的仿真研究

以Z6170型柴油机改造后的进气总管喷射进气柴油/LNG双燃料发动机为研究对象,在Fluent软件环境中,运用动网格技术模拟气门重叠期天然气逃逸过程,定量分析转速、进气提前角和排气迟闭角对双燃料发动机气门重叠期天然气逃逸的影响。仿真结果表明:进气总管喷射进气双燃料发动机气门重叠期存在天然气逃逸现象;在其他条件相同的情况下,发动机转速升高,一个工作循环内气门重叠期CH_4逃逸量减少;气门重叠角大小对气门重叠期CH_4逃逸的影响最大,特别是进气提前角影响尤为突出。     

利用快速压缩膨胀机研究火花点火LPG发动机的燃烧过程

利用快速压缩膨胀机对火花点火LPG发动机的燃烧过程进行了模拟与测量，分析了混合气浓度，点火提前角，压缩比以及燃烧室形状等对LPG燃烧过程的影响，可供汽油机改装成汽油／LPG双燃料发动机的参考。     

CA6102汽油／LPG双燃料发动机动力性能的研究

为了解决解放CA6102发动机改装双燃料后动力性下降的问题,作者对LPG供气系统,点火系统,进气系统和燃烧系统进行了改进和优化,在不影响发动机经济性和排放的情况下,以实现发动机燃用LPG理动力性能下降不超过5％的目的。     

冷起动首循环瞬态HC排放特性试验研究

从循环控制的角度，详细研究了LPG点燃式发动机冷起动首循环瞬态HC排放特性。试验在一台电控LPG进气道喷射单缸风冷四冲程、125mL发动机上进行。通过高速采集系统记录发动机首循环瞬态HC排放、瞬时缸压和转速，分析了瞬态HC排放与其他参数之间的关系。研究表明：随着过量空气系数的变化，首循环瞬态HC排放在一个较宽的混合气浓度变化范围内平缓变化，并稳定在较低的水平。首循环瞬态HC排放的最小值出现在缸内燃烧最好的燃空当量比附近。当首循环混合气浓度过浓或者是过稀时，瞬态HC排放迅速增加。首循环瞬态HC排放随点火角度的推迟，其变化规律为先增加再减少，随点火角度不断推迟，在膨胀行程中氧化的燃料不断增加，当点火角度推迟到一定限值，缸内燃烧不能进行，瞬态HC排放急剧增加。     

基于循环控制的LPG点燃式发动机冷起动首循环NO瞬态排放特性研究

从循环控制的角度，详细研究了LPG点燃式发动机冷起动首循环NO瞬态排放特性。实验在一台电控LPG进气道喷射单缸风冷四冲程125cm^3发动机上进行。通过高速采集系统记录发动机首循环瞬态NO排放、瞬时缸压和转速，从实验结果中分析发动机NO瞬态排放与其他参数之间的关系。研究表明：在稀燃工况下NO排放能更准确地反映着火的发生，可以作为首循环着火的判断依据；NO排放和循环缸压都随过量空气系数先增大后减小，最大缸内爆发压力发生在略浓的混合气浓度，而最大NO排放发生在较稀的混合气浓度；NO瞬态排放随循环缸压在稀燃、过渡和浓燃区呈现出不同的变化规律，首循环最佳过量空气系数应控制在过渡区域。     

Cylinder pressure, performance parameters, heat release, specific heats ratio and duration of combustion for spark ignition engine

An experimental work were conducted for investigating cylinder pressure, performance parameters, heat release, specific heat ratio and duration of combustion for multi cylinder spark ignition engine (SIE). Ccylinder pressure was measured for gasoline, kerosene and Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) separately as a fuel for SIE. Fast Fourier Transformations (FFT) was used to cylinder pressure data transform from time domain into frequency domain to develop empirical correlation for calculating cylinder pressures at different engine speeds and different fuels. In addition, Inverse Fast Fourier Transformations (IFFT) was used to cylinder pressure reconstruct into time domain. The results gave good agreement between the measured cylinder pressure and the reconstructed cylinder pressure in time domain with different engine speeds and different fuels. The measured cylinder pressure and hydraulic dynamotor were the sours of data for calculating engine performance parameters. First law of thermodynamics and single zone heat release model with temperature dependant specific heat ratio γ(T) were the main tools for calculating heat release and heat transfer to cylinder walls. Third order empirical correlation for calculating γ(T) was one of the main gains of the present study. The correlation gave good agreement with other researchers with wide temperatures range. For kerosene, cylinder pressure is higher than for gasoline and LPG due to high volumetric efficiency where kerosene density (mass/volume ratio) is higher than gasoline and LPG. In addition, kerosene heating value is higher than gasoline that contributes in heat release rate and pressure increases. Duration of combustion for different engine speeds was determined using four different methods: (I) Mass fuel burnt, (II) Entropy change, (III) Temperature dependant specific heat ratio γ(T), and (IV) Logarithmic scale of (P&;V). The duration of combustion for kerosene is smaller than for gasoline and LPG due to high heat release rate. Cylinder pressure measuring technique is a useful tool for understanding and analyzing the combustion characteristics and determining reliable statistical data that cannot measure directly. The present work contributes in determining combustion characteristics, development and optimal operating conditions of SIE for different fuels.     

Analysis of ignition delay period of a dual fuel diesel engine with hydrogen and LPG as secondary fuels

In this study, experiments were performed on 4 cylinder turbocharged, intercooled with 62.5 kW gen-set diesel engine by using hydrogen, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and mixture of LPG and hydrogen as secondary fuels. The experiments were performed to measure ignition delay period at different load conditions and various diesel substitutions. The experimental results have been compared with ignition delay correlation laid down by other researchers for diesel and dual fuel diesel engine. It is found that ignition delay equation based on pressure, temperature and oxygen concentration for a dual fuel diesel engine run on diesel-biogas gives variation up to 6.56% and 14.6% from the present experimental results, while ignition delay equation for a pure diesel engine gives 7.55% and 33.3% variation at lower and higher gaseous fuel concentrations, respectively. It is observed that the ignition delay of dual fuel engine depends not only on the type of gaseous fuels and their concentrations but also on charge temperature, pressure and oxygen concentration.     

Investigating the effects of LPG on spark ignition engine combustion and performance

A quasi-dimensional spark ignition (SI) engine cycle model is used to predict the cycle, performance and exhaust emissions of an automotive engine for the cases of using gasoline and LPG. Governing equations of the mathematical model mainly consist of first order ordinary differential equations derived for cylinder pressure and temperature. Combustion is simulated as a turbulent flame propagation process and during this process, two different thermodynamic regions consisting of unburned gases and burned gases that are separated by the flame front are considered. A computer code for the cycle model has been prepared to perform numerical calculations over a range of engine speeds and fuel–air equivalence ratios. In the computations performed at different engine speeds, the same fuel–air equivalence ratios are selected for each fuel to make realistic comparisons from the fuel economy and fuel consumption points of view. Comparisons show that if LPG fueled SI engines are operated at the same conditions with those of gasoline fueled SI engines, significant improvements in exhaust emissions can be achieved. However, variations in various engine performance parameters and the effects on the engine structural elements are not promising.     

基于循环控制的LPG电喷发动机冷起动初探

基于循环控制策略，利用单循环和多循环燃烧分析方法研究了LPG发动机的冷起动特性。试验在一台四冲程、水冷125mL单缸电控喷射点燃式发动机上进行。通过对冷起动循环的缸压和瞬时转速的实对测量和分析，研究了LPG首次喷射脉宽及着火循环的关系对冷起动着火特性的影响，特别对如何实现可控循环着火进行了基于单次起动喷射脉宽的单循环和多循环燃烧研究。试验结果表明：冷起动首次着火循环对整个起动过程的HC排放及着火稳定性起着至关重要的作用；起动喷射脉宽对冷起动着火特性的影响最大，合理控制起动喷射脉宽和喷射时刻，即可实现“即喷即着”的理想可控循环着火。LPG首次着火循环所需的混合气浓度约是稳定怠速时的2．2倍；单循环起动喷射脉宽起动与多循环起动脉宽起动相比，具有HC排放低和起动可靠性好的优点。在首次喷射之前空转几循环可以使发动机的首次着火循环序数提前，并能提高冷起动可靠性。     

Investigations on the combustion parameters of a dual fuel diesel engine with hydrogen and LPG as secondary fuels

This paper presents a detailed experimental investigations on the combustion parameters of a 4 cylinder (turbocharged and intercooled) 62.5 kW gen-set duel fuel diesel engine (with hydrogen and LPG as secondary fuels). A detailed account on maximum rate of pressure rise, peak cylinder pressure, heat release rate in first phase of combustion and combustion duration at a wide range of load conditions with different gaseous fuel substitutions has been presented in the paper. When 30% of hydrogen alone is used as secondary fuel, maximum rate of pressure rise increases by 0.82 bar/deg CA as compared to pure diesel operation, while, peak cylinder pressure and combustion duration increase by 8.44 bar and 5 deg CA respectively. When 30% of LPG alone is used as secondary fuel, the enhancements in maximum rate of pressure rise, peak cylinder pressure and combustion duration are found to be 1.37 bar/deg CA, 6.95 bar and 5 deg CA respectively. It is also found that heat release rate in first phase of combustion reduces at all load conditions as compared to the pure diesel operation in both types of fuel substitutions.One important finding of the present work is significant enhancement in performances of dual fuel engine when hydrogen-LPG mixture is used as the secondary fuel. The highlight of this case is that when the mixture of LPG and hydrogen (40% in the ratio LPG: hydrogen = 70:30) is used as secondary fuel, maximum rate of pressure rise (by 0.88 bar/deg CA) and combustion duration reduces (by 4 deg CA), while, peak cylinder pressure and heat release rate in first phase of combustion increase by 5.25 bar and 35.24 J/deg CA respectively.     

电喷LPG发动机快速燃烧过程的应用研究

介绍了应用于高速单燃料LPG电喷发动机的高能双火花塞快速燃烧系统的组成及其在发动机稳态运行工况的稀燃研究。开发了发动机多通道瞬态燃烧分析系统用于LPG快速燃烧过程的研究，快速燃烧系统的同步、异步点火通过ECU及其控制策略的控制实现。试验结果表明：LPG混合气的火焰传播速度得到提高，LPG的燃烧稀限由过量空气系数1．25—1．4拓展为1．4—1．5；结合燃烧室和火花塞位置的优化，火焰传播距离被缩短以实现LPG稀混合气的快速燃烧。     

Cyclic variations on LPG and gasoline-fuelled lean burn SI engine

Lean operation is an attractive operational condition; it is known as one of the methods to increase thermal efficiency, and to decrease exhaust emissions and fuel consumption. However, as the mixture leans, cyclic variations increase. Cyclic variations are usually attributed to the result of random fluctuations, excess air ratio and flow field due to the turbulent nature of the flow in the cylinder that limits the range of operating conditions of the spark ignition engine. Gaseous fuels as clean, economical and abundant fuels can improve the lean operating limits and decrease the cyclic variations. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as a fuel for spark ignition engine in terms of lean operation, and focuses on the cyclic variations and exhaust emissions. The results of this study showed that use of LPG decreased the coefficient of variation in the indicated mean effective pressure, and emission.     

直喷式柴油机起动过程燃烧分析

为了快速、定性分析柴油机起动过程中的燃烧状态,在直喷式柴油机上进行冷机与热机起动过程实验,提出用瞬时转速和示功图对柴油机起动进行燃烧分析的方法．实验结果表明,冷机起动过程中有失火现象,用瞬时转速可以判断着火首循环和失火循环．根据示功图形状及燃烧状态,定义了4种燃烧状态以及相对应的4种典型示功图形式,将起动过程划分为4个阶段．热机起动初始期和过渡期很短,而冷机起动有明显的4个阶段．不完全燃烧或失火是柴油机起动过程、燃烧过程控制优化的重点,多出现在起动初始期和过渡期．