乙醇熏蒸处理对鲜切莲藕片褐变和活性氧代谢的影响

褐变是导致鲜切莲藕品质劣变的重要因素,本文选用150μL/L乙醇熏蒸处理鲜切莲藕2 h,研究乙醇对其酶促褐变和活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明,经过10℃下贮藏12 d后,与对照组相比,乙醇处理后的鲜切藕片褐变度降低了6.49%,L*值提高了21.44%。乙醇处理也能通过抑制苯丙氨酸解氨酶和多酚氧化酶活力来抑制鲜切莲藕酚类物质的合成及氧化。在贮藏末期,对照组的可溶性醌含量是乙醇处理组的1.15倍。此外,乙醇处理可有效维持过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性和抗坏血酸含量。经过12 d的贮藏后,乙醇处理后的鲜切莲藕的O₂^-·生成速率和H₂O₂积累分别是对照组的87.69%和79.17%。综上,乙醇熏蒸处理可能通过抑制酚类物质代谢,提高抗氧化能力,从而延缓鲜切莲藕褐变的发生。     

二氧化氯对鲜切莲藕多酚氧化酶的影响研究

以莲藕为试材,研究了二氧化氯（ClO2）对鲜切莲藕在低温贮藏期间多酚氧化酶（PPO）、褐变及感官品质影响的动态变化。试验结果表明,藕的褐变与PPO有密切关系,PPO是发生酶促褐变的关键酶。50mg/L、100mg/L浓度的ClO2处理鲜切藕片5、10、15min后,在贮藏期间能抑制PPO的活性,减轻褐变,保持好的感官品质。而10mg/L浓度对PPO的活性不起抑制作用反而促进了PPO的活性。100mg/L ClO2处理鲜切藕片10min抑制PPO的活性效果最好,能使藕片在4℃下一周的时间保持最佳的感官品质和最轻的褐变度。而鲜切产品维持一周的货架寿命基本上可满足消费与生产的需求。     

二氧化氯对鲜切莲藕多酚氧化酶的影响研究

以莲藕为试材,研究了二氧化氯(ClO2)对鲜切莲藕在低温贮藏期间多酚氧化酶(PPO)、褐变及感官品质影响的动态变化.试验结果表明,藕的褐变与PPO有密切关系,PPO是发生酶促褐变的关键酶.50mg/L、100mg/L浓度的ClO2处理鲜切藕片5min、10 min、15 min后,在贮藏期间能抑制PPO的活性,减轻褐变,保持好的感官品质.而10 mg/L浓度对PPO的活性不起抑制作用反而促进了PPO的活性.100 mg/L ClO2处理鲜切藕片10 min抑制PPO的活性效果最好,能使藕片在4℃下一周的时间保持最佳的感官品质和最轻的褐变度.而鲜切产品维持一周的货架寿命基本上可满足消费与生产的需求.     

鲜切苹果生理与品质保持技术

为提高鲜切苹果品质、延长货架期,研究乙醇熏蒸和高氧预处理对其生理与品质的影响。乙醇体积分数分别为200、400和600μL/L,熏蒸时间2、4 h。高氧预处理O2体积分数为95%～100%,处理时间分别为12、24和36 h。分别测定鲜切苹果在0～1℃、相对湿度90%～95%下贮藏期间呼吸速率、菌落总数、褐变度、多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)酶活力、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)酶活力和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量,并进行感官评价。结果表明,乙醇熏蒸与高氧预处理均能够推迟鲜切苹果呼吸高峰,降低呼吸峰值。贮藏第6天后乙醇熏蒸组菌落总数显著低于对照组(P <0.05),高氧预处理在贮藏前期抑菌效果明显。在贮藏后期,乙醇熏蒸与高氧预处理组褐变度、PPO和POD酶活力均低于对照组(P <0.05)。乙醇熏蒸组MDA含量低于对照组(P <0.05),第9天后高氧预处理组MDA含量明显低于对照组(P <0.05)。乙醇熏蒸与高氧预处理组感官评分均高于对照组(P <0.05)。其中乙醇熏蒸最佳条件为400μ...     

4-HR对鲜切莲藕褐变以及贮藏品质的影响

以白花莲藕为试材,研究了4-己基间苯二酚(4-HR)对鲜切莲藕产品低温贮藏期间褐变和贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,0.01% 4-HR以及0.01% 4-HR和0.5% VC的混合液处理对鲜切莲藕贮藏期间的褐变有抑制作用,保持了较低的褐变和腐烂指数,同时产品保持较高的硬度和可溶性固形物。0.01% 4-HR和0.5% VC的混合液的防褐变效果最为显著,并且可有效地抑制呼吸和乙醇的积累,控制微生物数量增加,减少腐烂发生。     

复合保鲜剂对鲜切苹果贮藏品质的影响

以鲜切苹果为试材,研究不同浓度柠檬酸、壳聚糖及D-异抗坏血酸钠(D-sodium erythorbate,D-SE)复合保鲜剂处理5 min,4℃贮藏期间鲜切苹果贮藏品质特性的变化规律。结果表明:复合保鲜剂处理组可保持鲜切苹果感官品质、抑制鲜切苹果多酚氧化酶(PPO)及过氧化物酶(POD)活性,对鲜切苹果有较好的保鲜效果;1.0%柠檬酸+0.5%壳聚糖+1.0%D-异抗坏血酸钠溶液处理组优于其他处理组,能在4℃贮藏12 d内保持鲜切苹果外观品质与食用品质品质,有效抑制鲜切苹果果肉褐变,延缓硬度和TSS含量降低速率,降低与褐变有关的多酚氧化酶(PPO)及过氧化物酶(POD)活性。     

1-MCP处理对鲜切芋艿褐变的影响

为了延缓鲜切芋艿褐变, 延长其货架期, 研究4 ℃ 贮藏条件下, 1 0 μ L / L 1 - 甲基环丙烯 （1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP）处理对鲜切芋艿色泽和褐变相关指标的影响。结果表明：10 μL/L 1-MCP熏蒸处理能 够有效延缓鲜切芋艿贮藏期间L*值下降,降低芋艿苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性和总酚合成速度;延缓芋艿多酚氧化酶和过氧 化物酶活性上升,抑制脂氧合酶活性,降低膜质的氧化损伤,进而延缓贮藏鲜切芋艿的褐变。而对照芋艿切片贮藏过 程中,褐变底物累积速度加快,相关酶活性迅速上升,细胞膜结构完整性遭到破坏,褐变程度明显高于处理组。     

强酸性电生功能水提高鲜切莲藕品质的研究

以鲜切莲藕为试材,研究了强酸性电生功能水对鲜切莲藕表面微生物的杀灭作用及抑制酶促褐变效果,探究了强酸性电生功能水的有效氯浓度、贮藏时间、贮藏温度对其抑制褐变效果的影响,进一步考察几种不同清洗方式处理的莲藕切片在贮藏期间的色差值变化。结果表明:贮藏温度为4℃条件下,与对照组比,不同处理液均能显著(p<0.05)抑制鲜切莲藕的酶促褐变,其中p H3.0、有效氯浓度(ACC)40 ppm的强酸性电生功能水浸泡处理15 min,能最好保持鲜切莲藕的色泽品质,最大程度地抑制褐变反应。贮藏两周后,对照组褐变度(L*值)下降了45.0%以上,色泽变暗,而经强酸性电生功能水处理的莲藕其褐变度值保持最高,下降了约30.0%,且表面微生物数量减少最多,减少了42.9%,很好的保护了鲜切莲藕的色泽,提高产品品质。      

鲜切苹果臭氧水杀菌工艺研究

以红富士苹果为试材,在鲜切加工过程中,采用臭氧水进行杀菌处理,确定了臭氧水的最佳杀菌浓度、杀菌时间和杀菌温度,并研究了臭氧水杀菌处理对鲜切苹果低温贮藏期间菌落总数和品质指标的影响。结果表明,1.00 mg/L 15℃臭氧水处理鲜切苹果5 min,对其表面微生物的杀灭作用效果明显,在贮藏9 d时,该处理鲜切苹果的菌落总数仅是对照的1.7%。同时,该处理抑制了鲜切苹果的褐变,延缓了果实硬度、可溶性固形物和抗坏血酸含量的下降,降低了失重率。总之,1.00 mg/L 15℃臭氧水处理鲜切苹果5 min,杀菌效果和保持果实品质的效果均较好。     

乙醇及热处理对鲜切荸荠褐变的影响

以延缓鲜切荸荠在贮藏过程中的褐变并延长其货架期为 目的,研究了贮藏温度为4℃时,乙醇浸泡及热处理对鲜切荸荠色差、褐变度、总酚含量、苯丙氨酸解氨酶、多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶等指标的影响.结果表明,几种处理延缓鲜切荸荠褐变效果为:联合处理＞乙醇处理＞热处理.与对照组相比,乙醇处理中PAL和POD的活性较低,热处理及联合处理组...     

精准温度处理对鲜切莲藕褐变、生理和品质的影响

为了明确精准温度处理对防褐变剂处理后鲜切莲藕褐变、生理和品质的调控作用,采用防褐变剂（质量分数1.0%无水柠檬酸+0.1%抗坏血酸钙+0.2% L-天门冬氨酸）处理鲜切莲藕,在相温（?0.5±0.1）℃、冰温（?0.5±0.3）℃和冷藏（4±1）℃的条件下贮藏,研究不同精准温度对鲜切莲藕表观色泽、褐变底物与相关酶活性、生理指标和营养品质的影响。结果表明,贮藏6 d时,精准温度（相温、冰温）处理可以延缓L*的降低、a*和褐变度的增加,抑制总酚的下降和褐变相关酶多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性,其中相温贮藏维持鲜切莲藕原有色泽最佳。在贮藏过程中,精准温度（相温、冰温）处理能够抑制鲜切莲藕呼吸强度、乙烯生成速率、相对电导率和丙二醛含量上升,同时延缓鲜切莲藕还原糖的升高和V_C含量的下降。通过SPSS综合评分显示,相温组综合得分最高,主成分分析显示,相温组与多酚氧化酶、相对电导率、褐变度、丙二醛、a*的相关性较低。因此,相温贮藏更好地延缓鲜切莲藕贮藏期间褐变的发生并维持其品质。     

抗坏血酸处理对鲜切水晶梨营养成分及褐变的影响

采用0.025、0.05、0.075 mol/L3种不同浓度的抗坏血酸处理鲜切梨果实,研究其在10℃贮藏过程中的褐变及其营养物质的变化。结果表明,抗坏血酸处理能抑制鲜切梨果实PPO活性.减轻果蔬表面褐变程度,延缓果实的硬度和Vc含量的下降速度,提高鲜切梨果实的营养价值和外观品质。     

复合保鲜剂对鲜切莲藕贮期品质的影响

以二氧化氯预处理后的鲜切莲藕为材料,采用柠檬酸、乙二胺四乙酸二钠、L-半胱氨酸、抗坏血酸对藕片进行复合处理,通过测定藕片褐变度、可溶性固形物、感官品质等指标。结果表明:复合保鲜剂最佳组合为0.8%柠檬酸、0.25%乙二胺四乙酸二钠、0.2%L-半胱氨酸、0.35%抗坏血酸,可有效抑制莲藕褐变,提高贮藏期间产品品质。     

Effects of heat treatment on the quality of fresh-cut Chinese water chestnut

A heat treatment to inhibit browning and maintain the quality of fresh‐cut Chinese water chestnut was developed. Slices of Chinese water chestnut, cv. Guilin, were immersed in boiling water for 30 s, placed into film‐wrapped trays and then stored at 4 °C for up to 12 days. Changes in browning, eating quality and disease incidence were measured. The effect of heat treatment on the content of total phenolics and activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) was also evaluated. The heat treatment effectively prevented browning associated with PAL, PPO and POD activities and total phenolic content and delayed the decrease in eating quality, which is associated with reduced total soluble solids, titratable acidity and ascorbic acid, compared with fresh‐cut Chinese water chestnut. Inhibition of browning by heat treatment without microbial growth was achieved for 12 days of storage at 4 °C. These results showed that heat treatment effectively maintained the quality of fresh‐cut Chinese water chestnut.     

Enzymatic browning and after-cooking darkening of Jerusalem artichoke tubers (Helianthus tuberosus L.)

Jerusalem artichoke tubers (Helianthus tuberosus L.) undergo enzymatic browning when peeled or cut, and turn grey after boiling, due to after-cooking darkening reactions between iron and phenolic acids. In an attempt to reveal the components responsible for these discolouration reactions, sensory evaluation and instrumental colour measurements were related to contents of total phenolics, phenolic acids, organic acids and iron in three varieties of raw and boiled Jerusalem artichoke tubers harvested in the autumn and the spring. No differences were found between varieties in sensory evaluated enzymatic browning, but Rema and Draga had higher scores than Mari in after-cooking darkening. Jerusalem artichoke tubers had higher contents of total phenolics, phenolic acids and citric acid in the autumn and low contents in the spring, while it was the opposite for malic acid. None of the chemical parameters investigated could explain the discolouration of the Jerusalem artichoke tubers.     

菊芋泡菜贮藏期间非酶褐变的研究

研究不同包装材料和加工用水对菊芋泡菜褐变的影响,并对其贮藏期间部分理化指标的变化进行测定,初步揭示菊芋泡菜在贮藏期间发生褐变的机制。结果表明,菊芋泡菜贮藏期间发生的褐变主要是多酚的氧化聚合以及美拉德反应导致的非酶褐变,而低浓度的金属铁离子并不会导致褐变的发生。在菊芋泡菜中添加不同的抗褐变剂(异抗坏血酸钠、柠檬酸亚锡二钠和EDTA),可以减少菊芋泡菜在贮藏期间的褐变。加速贮藏实验表明,柠檬酸亚锡二钠是菊芋泡菜贮藏期间良好的抗褐变抑制剂。     

MODELING OF PREHEAT TREATMENT OPTIMIZATION APPLIED TO FRESH‐CUT “ROCHA” PEAR

ABSTRACT

Response surface methodology based on a five‐level, three‐variable central composite rotatable design was used for modeling the effects of preheat treatments on fresh‐cut “Rocha” pear quality. Studied variables were time (t: 0–150 min), temperature (T: 20–50C) and posttreatment storage time (St: 0–20 days, 5C). The quality‐affecting parameters including color, firmness, pH, soluble solid content, and total ascorbic acid content were the monitored dependent variables. Results provide reasonable estimation of the impact of preheat treatments on the quality of fresh‐cut “Rocha” pear and its shelf life. The time–temperature range of 33–41C during less than 20 min was selected as the conditions that best provided surface browning control, without impairing other studied quality parameters, with an estimated 8‐day shelf life period. The achieved kinetic changes of polyphenoloxidase, partial reduction in enzyme activity (ca. 23%) and depletion of phenolic content (ca. 11%) could be responsible for the browning control.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Minimal processing, namely cutting operations, triggers physiological reactions which limit fresh‐cut Rocha pear shelf life. Superficial browning is one of the major concerns to this industry, and new “clean” methodologies aiming at the inhibition of such reaction and maximization of the product shelf life will benefit not only from product marketability but also will respond to the consumers' demand of “chemical free” products. Heat treatments have been used to improve fresh‐cut commodities' browning resistance. The present work evaluated the use of preheat treatments against this physiological disorder during storage. Results will provide an optimized preheat treatment that grants high‐quality fresh‐cut Rocha pear with suitable shelf life.

     

Pre-drying treatment of plant related tissues using plasma processed air: Impact on enzyme activity and quality attributes of cut apple and potato

During post-harvest processing of fresh cut and dried fruits and vegetables, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) need to be inactivated or inhibited in order to avoid undesirable browning reactions and loss of sensorial or nutritional quality. To meet this goal, the application of plasma processed air (PPA) offers a promising “gentle” alternative to traditional methods, such as pasteurization or the addition of anti-browning compounds. Using ambient air as process gas instead of an expensive noble gas, such as argon, exhibits a substantial improvement for the development of large-scale plasmas at ambient pressure and allows the indirect treatment of larger goods within a remote exposure reactor. In this study the ability of PPA to inactivate PPO and POD in complex food matrices and its impact on quality parameters, such as color, texture and cell integrity directly after freshly cutting and during storage of warm air dried and freeze dried produce was evaluated.The study evidently shows that PPA processing is capable of reducing the activity of PPO and POD in the freshly cut tissue from both apple and potato. Following exposure to PPA for 10 min the PPO activity was reduced by about 62% and 77% in fresh cut apple and potato tissue, respectively. POD, as the more temperature-stable enzyme, was even less stable upon PPA treatment for 10 min and was reduced by about 65% and 89% in fresh cut apple and potato tissue, respectively. Blackening of the potato tissue could be completely prevented by plasma treatment while a browning different from the habitual nature of enzymatic browning occurred upon exposure of the apple tissue to PPA. In both cases, the pH value on the tissue surface dropped to 1.5 while cell integrity and dry matter content were not significantly affected.Industrial relevanceThe quality and shelf life of freshly cut and dried fruits and vegetables greatly depend on the activity of naturally occurring enzymes which catalyze browning reactions at cut surfaces. This study shows that the application of PPA, as a promising nonthermal “pasteurization” technology, enables the inactivation of PPO and POD in complex food matrices. It further describes the impact of the PPA treatment on quality parameters of the freshly cut tissue from apple and potato and goes beyond on evaluating color, texture and enzyme activity in warm air dried and freeze dried tissue over a storage time of three weeks. The results contribute to the understanding and product-specificity of PPA-induced effects on quality and shelf life of fresh cut and dried fruit and vegetable produce and could be a basis for a possible industrial implementation.     

Effects of 1‐methylcyclopropene and post‐controlled atmosphere air storage treatments on fresh‐cut Ambrosia apple slices

BACKGROUND: The effect of 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) treatment and two different post‐controlled atmosphere air storage (PCAAS) durations on the quality and chemistry of fresh‐cut Ambrosia apple slices was studied. RESULTS: PCAAS for 1 or 2 weeks prior to slicing had an overall positive effect on the resultant quality of fresh‐cut apple slices. The most significant responses to PCAAS were the suppression of both phenolic and o‐quinone accumulation in slices, and this was related to the significantly lower browning potential values obtained for slices from PCAAS‐treated apples. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POX) and ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) activities were not affected by 1‐MCP or PCAAS treatments. PPO and POX activities were almost completely inhibited by a 50 g L^?1 calcium ascorbate anti‐browning dip of apple slices from all treatments. CONCLUSION: The most dramatic effect of the PCAAS treatments was to reduce the accumulation of soluble phenolics, which is likely the reason that o‐quinone accumulation was also inhibited in treated fruits. The consequent reduction in browning potential may be the explanation as to why PCAAS treatment has been shown to reduce fresh apple slice browning in previous work. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

1MCP处理对鲜切鼠尾草品质的影响

研究1-MCP处理对鲜切鼠尾草品质的影响。结果显示使用浓度为1 mg/dm³的1-MCP处理24 h,可以有效维持鲜切鼠尾草中叶绿素含量,降低叶片表面变黄程度和出现小黑点的几率。GC-MS分析显示新鲜鼠尾草中检出19种挥发性物质,含量合计233.2μg/g,其中α-蒎烯、2-莰酮、樟脑萜、桉树醇、β-蒎烯和β-侧柏酮是鼠尾草挥发性物质的主要成分;1-MCP处理后检出21种物质,含量合计382.3μg/g,与新鲜鼠尾草的风味最相似。因此,1-MCP处理提高了鲜切鼠尾草的品质。