丹参叶保质干燥工艺的研究

针对丹参叶进行保质干燥,通过单因素和正交试验研究了干燥温度、风速和物料层厚度对丹参叶中丹酚酸B含量的影响。研究表明,通过单因素确定较优的干燥参数为：干燥温度50℃,风速0．6m／s,物料厚度为2层;在单因素实验基础上,通过正交实验确定的最佳保质干燥工艺参数为：A3B2C1,即干燥温度为60℃、干燥风速为0．6m／s、物料厚度为1层。     

中药丹参水溶性成分丹酚酸B醇沉工艺优化研究

目的：优化丹参水溶性成分丹酚酸B的醇沉工艺方法：以溶液中总固体率、丹酚酸B的损失率以及丹酚酸B的含量作为指标,醇沉的体积分数、相对密度、温度、时间为影响因素,优化丹酚酸B的醇沉工艺结果：最佳条件为减压浓缩至相对密度1.05～1.15,边搅拌边加入95%乙醇,调乙醇含量至70%,在10～35℃环境下静置24 h,总固体去除率为27.3%,丹酚酸B的损失率4.96%,丹酚酸B的含量为13.81%。结论：该方法简单可行,可用于醇沉纯化丹参中丹酚酸B。     

丹参药材产地筛选及炮制工艺的研究

通过对13批次丹参有效成分进行检测,发现陕西产地的丹参丹酚酸B,丹参酮类物质含量较高,其丹酚酸B含量在7.5%以上,丹参酮类物质在0.5%以上。对丹参进行第一次炮制后发现,丹酚酸B损失高达71.37%,而丹参酮类物质几乎没有影响。调整闷润参数后进行第二次炮制,其丹酚酸B最高损失下降为43.72%。     

豆腐渣制取膳食纤维脱水脱腥工艺研究

豆腐渣制取膳食纤维时,因其水分,腥味而影响膳食纤维的风味和品质,所以对豆腐渣进行脱水、除腥前处理很有必要。文章分别用热风干燥、真空干燥、真空冷冻干燥对豆腐渣进行脱水干燥处理,结合干燥产品的持水性、溶胀性、结合脂肪能力,确定豆腐渣的摄佳脱水干燥方法,用豆腐渣粉进行NaOH浓度、脱腥时间、脱腥温度的单因素与正交实验,确定最佳的脱腥工艺条件。结果表明：热风千燥最好;最佳脱腥工艺条件为NaOH浓度0．9％,脱腥时间80min,水浴温度90℃。     

多成分评价通脉复方醇提工艺研究

目的:研究通脉复方醇提的优化工艺。方法:分别以丹参、川芎和葛根的有效成分丹参酮ⅡA、丹酚酸B、阿魏酸、葛根素的含量为指标,采用正交试验设计法对通脉复方的提取工艺进行优化。结果:丹参醇提最佳工艺:加药材8倍量乙醇,回流提取2次,每次1 h。川芎药渣、丹参药渣和葛根最佳提取条件:加8倍量50%的乙醇回流提取2次,每次1 h。结论:通脉复方的提取工艺合理可行,适于工业大生产。     

乙醇/硫酸铵双水相体系从丹参粗提液中分离丹酚酸B

采用中心复合设计的响应曲面法优化了乙醇/硫酸铵双水相体系从丹参粗提液中分离丹酚酸B的工艺参数,并对放大效果进行了对比研究。结果表明,在确定pH2.0和30℃的条件下,当硫酸铵和乙醇质量分数分别为20%和29%时,丹酚酸B的分配系数最大为58.7,回收率为97.3%。上相加乙醇脱除硫酸铵,减压浓缩、干燥,丹酚酸B的纯度为57.4%。与小试相比,放大40倍后,分配系数(59.3)、回收率(98.2%)和纯度（58.6%）均无显著差异（p<0.05）。500g丹参,经煮提,双水相萃取,脱硫酸铵,氯仿脱脂,乙酸乙脂萃取,可得26.1g浸膏,丹酚酸B的纯度为78.1%,总回收率为87.0%。因此,双水相萃取可以作为从丹参粗提液中规模分离丹酚酸B的有效手段。     

复合式酶法提取丹酚酸B

运用离效液相色谱技术对丹参中丹酚酸B的复合式酶法提取及水煎提法进行了比较分析.复合式酶法提取丹酚酸B的最佳工艺:每克药材加入15 U纤维素酶,在50 ℃下,pH值4.5,提取6 h,药渣加水煎提50 min.复合式酶法提取明显提高了丹参中丹酚酸B的提取率.     

不同干燥方法对黄芪提取物品质的影响

为探讨适用于中草药提取液浓缩干燥的新工艺，以黄芪水提液为研究对象，采用微波干燥、热风干燥、真空干燥和冷冻干燥四种工艺，通过对比实验分析了不同干燥方法对样品干燥动力学特性、干膏制品的表观形貌及原子力显微特征和样品含糖量的影响。结果表明，微波干燥1h所得到的干膏质量与其他方式干燥4h的效果相当。样品经冷冻干燥所得干膏粒径约为1．363nm，经热风干燥所得干膏的粒径约为5．419nm.相比较，样品经微波干燥后的多糖含量高于其它干燥方式。结论是，微波技术用于中草药提取液的浓缩干燥，不仅可以缩短干燥时间，而且有利于有效成分的保留。     

丹酚酸B磷脂复合物的制备和质量评价

探讨了丹酚酸B磷脂复合物的制备最佳工艺条件。以丹酚酸B与磷脂的复合率为评价指标,考察反应溶剂、反应温度、反应时间、初始浓度和投料比对复合率的影响,采用正交实验筛选出最佳制备工艺,并通过差示扫描量热法、红外光谱、透射电镜以及泡沫细胞渗透性实验验证磷脂复合物形态及性质。确定丹酚酸B磷脂复合物制备的最佳工艺为:反应溶剂为四氢呋喃,反应温度40℃,反应时间3 h,丹酚酸B反应浓度为25 mg·m L-1,丹酚酸B与磷脂投料比为1∶1,差示扫描量热法、红外光谱、透射电镜以及泡沫细胞渗透性等实验均证实了磷脂复合物的形成和优良特性。成功制备了丹酚酸B磷脂复合物,复合率可达99.5%。     

热风与真空冷冻联合干燥毛竹笋的试验研究

对毛竹笋进行了热风与真空冷冻联合干燥(AFD)的研究，应用热风与真空冷冻(AD FD)和真空冷冻与热风(FD AD)两种方式做不同转换点试验，将得到的产品分别与完全的热风干燥和冷冻干燥的产品比较其能量消耗和物化特性，并对它们的产品进行理化分析，确定了AFD联合干燥的方式和最佳转换点，得出了真空冷冻与热风(FD AD)联合干燥的产品接近完全真空冷冻干燥(FD)产品的结论，AFD联合干燥对于提高脱水笋干的质量、节省能量消耗是有效的。     

黑加仑真空冷冻干燥工艺研究

以黑加仑为原料，对其真空冷冻干燥特性和工艺进行了试验研究。结果表明：黑加仑的共晶温度为-24℃，共融温度为-21℃；其合理的工艺参数为：升华温度为50℃，保持4．5h；解吸温度为60℃，保持2h。冻干后的黑加仑含水量为5％左右，能很好保持黑加仑的品质，Vc的保留率为82．6％，花青苷的保留率为57．5％。     

Effect of Microwave-Vacuum Drying on the Carotenoids Retention of Carrot Slices and Chlorophyll Retention of Chinese Chive Leaves

Microwave-vacuum drying, and combined microwave-vacuum with air or vacuum drying were investigated as potential methods for drying green and high-carotenoid vegetables of Chinese chive leaves and carrot slices. The samples were dried by microwave-vacuum until the moisture content reached about 20% (wet basis), and then by conventional air drying at the temperature of 45-50°C or conventional vacuum drying at the temperature of 55-60°C or by continued microwave-vacuum drying at lower power level to final moisture content about 6% (wet basis). The carotenoid retention of carrot slices and chlorophyll retention of Chinese chive leaves, dried by these methods, was evaluated and compared with those dried by freeze-drying and conventional hot-air drying. The comparison showed that the carotenoid retention of carrot slices and chlorophyll retention of chive leaves, dried by the current methods, was very close to or even as much as those dried by freeze-drying and much better than those dried by conventional hot-air. Blanching was not necessary when using microwave-vacuum drying or combined microwave-vacuum with conventional hot-air drying or vacuum drying, because the activity of enzymes which were responsible for the degradation of color was greatly reduced with extremely rapid decreasing of moisture, and because oxygen was absent in microwave-vacuum drying.     

饱水竹木漆器的超临界CO_2脱水干燥研究

用超临界CO2对战国时代的饱水竹木漆器（含水率大于200%）进行脱水干燥。结果表明,超临界CO2脱水干燥的最优工艺条件为：干燥温度50℃,压力25 MPa,CO2流量为20 kg/h,脱水干燥5h。在该条件下,脱水干燥的竹木漆器,其含水率下降到了15%以下,漆皮完好如初,色泽鲜亮,样品形状完好、无收缩开裂损坏等现象,符合文物脱水保存的要求。     

哈密瓜片充氮低氧热泵干燥工艺研究

本文以哈密瓜为试验材料,以氮气为干燥介质置换空气降低设备中氧体积分数,研究了温度、切片厚度、氧体积分数和风速对哈密瓜热泵干燥速率、L值、Vc和总酚含量等指标的影响,正交试验结果表明最佳干燥工艺参数为：干燥温度50℃,切片厚度5mm,氧体积分数5％,干燥后哈密瓜片水分含量为7．42％,L值为71．28,Vc含量为21．06mg／100g,总酚含量为8．46mg／100g。     

冷冻干燥法制备层状多孔羟基磷灰石支架过程中的溶剂升华行为

采用水基羟基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite,HA)浆料,经冷冻干燥和烧结工艺(1 250℃烧结3 h)制备了层状多孔HA支架.研究了冷冻温度、干燥压力和干燥温度对水基HA浆料中溶剂升华行为的影响.结果表明:随着冷冻温度的降低,多孔HA支架的层间距逐渐减小,支架的升华时间增加;由于样品的干燥过程同时受到传热和传质的...     

Modeling of degradation kinetics of Salvianolic acid B at different temperatures and pH values

In this work,the effects of degradation time,temperature,and pH value on the degradation of Salvianolic acid B in aqueous solution were determined.Higher pH values,higher extraction temperature,and longer extraction time led to more degradation of Salvianolic acid B.Danshensu concentration increased as Salvianolic acid B degraded.A mechanism model was developed considering the degradation of Salvianolic acid E and lithospermic acid,which were two degradation products of Salvianolic acid B.The reverse reactions of Salvianolic acid B degradation were also considered.Degradation kinetic constants were calibrated.The degradation kinetics of Salvianolic acid B,lithospermic acid,and Danshensu in a Salvia miltiorrhiza extract aqueous solution were predicted using the mechanism model.The predicted concentrations agreed well with the experimental results.This model was developed using degradation data obtained from simple composition systems,but it can be applied in a complex botanical mixture with high prediction accuracy.     

鱿鱼热泵-热风联合干燥节能研究

以热泵干燥阶段的温度、分阶段干燥的水分转换点、后期热风干燥阶段的温度为影响因素,以单位能耗除湿值（SMER）和总挥发性盐基氮值（T—VBN）两者的综合指标Y为最终评价指标进行响应面优化分析,得出了联合干燥最佳工艺参数：热泵干燥温度（X1=54．3℃）、水分转换点（X2=32．3％）和热风干燥温度（X3=43．5℃）。在最优工艺条件下比较HPD、HPD＋AD、AD三种干燥方式下的样品品质和耗能,联合干燥得到的鱿鱼干品质高于热风干燥,而且降低了干燥能耗38．67％。     

麻疹减毒活疫苗冻干工艺的优化

目的优化麻疹减毒活疫苗的冻干工艺。方法以预冻过程(温度、时间)、升华干燥过程(温度、时间、真空控制值)、解析干燥过程(温度、时间、真空控制值)冻干参数为影响因素,应用L(827)正交试验设计冻干曲线,对8批麻疹减毒活疫苗半成品进行冻干,采用直观分析法的综合平均值R()iⅠ和极差R(i)j分析不同批次冻干制品的干损率、病毒滴度、热稳定性和残余水分,筛选最优因素水平组合,并对其进行适用性验证。结果优化的麻疹减毒活疫苗冻干工艺参数为:预冻:温度5～-25℃、时间0.5h,温度-25～-40℃采用大于1℃/min的冻结速率,温度-40℃、保持时间3h;升华干燥:温度-40～-20℃、时间1.5h、真空控制值0.16mbar,温度-20℃、保持时间8h、真空控制值0.16mbar,温度-20～30℃、时间5h、真空控制值0.16mbar;解析干燥:温度保持30℃、时间6h、真空控制值0.005mbar,以优化的麻疹减毒活疫苗冻干工艺冻干的制品成型良好,干损率平均为1.36%,稳定性好,残余水分在1.62%～1.67%之间。结论优化的麻疹减毒活疫苗冻干工艺适合麻疹疫苗大规模生产。     

Microwave,Vacuum, and Air Drying Characteristics of Collard Leaves

Collard leaves (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) with an initial moisture content of 6.65 on percentage dry basis (%db) were dried by three different drying methods: microwave, air, and vacuum. Samples of fresh leaves, 25 g each, were dried until their moisture was down to 0.1 on a dry basis. The following drying levels were used in each of the drying processes: 350, 500, 650, 750, 850, and 1000 W for microwave drying; 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, and 175°C for air drying; and 0.4, 50, and 100 mmHg at 50 and 75°C for vacuum drying, respectively. Drying times ranged between 2.5 to 7.5 min, 8 to 210 min, and 35 to 195 min for microwave, air, and vacuum drying, respectively. The data obtained compared well with a thin-layer drying model. Microwave drying at 750 W provided optimal results with respect to drying time, color, and ascorbic acid content (vitamin C).