-βSiC纳米颗粒对Ni-Co共电沉积合金结构和性能的影响

采用复合电沉积方法在Ni基体上制备了(Ni-Co)-SiC纳米复合镀层,该镀层的组织结构与电沉积Ni-Co合金(晶粒尺寸:110 nm)镀层不同,由Ni-Co固溶体基体(晶粒尺寸:50 nm)和均匀分布其中的SiC纳米颗粒(晶粒尺寸:45 nm)组成。SiC纳米颗粒的加入大大细化了镀层的组织,增加了镀层的显微硬度.电化学实验表明:SiC纳米颗粒使金属还原电位发生正移,降低了Ni-Co合金镀液的极化作用.     

球磨时间对Ti(C0.7,N0.3)晶粒及Ti(C0.7,N0.3)基金属陶瓷组织和性能的影响

球磨是金属陶瓷制备中的关键工艺,滚动球磨是目前成本较低、在实际工业生产中应用最广泛的球磨方式。为了量化分析球磨时间对Ti（C_0.7,N_0.3）基金属陶瓷的影响,采用湿混的方法在固定的球料比、球磨机转速和球磨介质添加量的条件下,研究球磨时间因素对Ti（C_0.7,N_0.3）的晶粒尺寸、应变和晶格常数的影响,以及对烧结后的Ti（C_0.7,N_0.3）基金属陶瓷微观组织和物理力学性能如收缩率、密度、硬度和横向断裂强度的影响。结果表明,随球磨时间增加,Ti（C_0.7,N_0.3）晶粒尺寸下降,而微观应变增加。同时,Ti（C_0.7,N_0.3）的晶格常数也增加,这与晶粒微观应变增加以及少量原料的氧化加剧有关。对烧结后的微观组织而言,球磨时间的增加导致金属陶瓷硬质相平均晶粒尺寸下降,但是当球磨时间达到72和96 h的时候,金属陶瓷中出现了0.1 μm左右的孔隙,这与球磨过程中氧含量的增加导致烧结时脱气反应以及Ti（C,N）硬质相和Ni粘接剂之间的润湿性变差有关。Ti（C_0.7,N_0.3）基金属陶瓷微观组织中白芯结构数量随球磨时间的增加明显减少了,芯中Mo含量的下降而Ti含量的增加是白芯数量下降的原因。环形相随球磨时间的增加变薄了,这一现象与不同尺寸的颗粒溶解度以及颗粒的均匀性有关。另外,随着球磨时间的增加,Ti（C_0.7,N_0.3）基金属陶瓷的硬度增加,而横向断裂强度随球磨时间的增加先增加后下降,其中孔隙对横向断裂强度的损害作用要大于晶粒细化对强度提高的作用。     

镍基纳米碳管/二氧化钛复合镀层的制备及性能

为了改善金属基材的表面性能,以钛铁矿为原料,利用微波等离子体化学气相沉积法制备了纳米碳管/二氧化钛复合粉体.采用复合电泳电沉积法在不锈钢基体表面制备了镍基纳米碳管/二氧化钛复合镀层;利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、数显维氏硬度计和电化学测试等手段研究了纳米碳管/二氧化钛复合粉体对复合镀层结构和性能的影响.结果表明纳米碳管/二氧化钛复合粉体的加入有效地减小了复合镀层中镍的晶粒尺寸,促进了金属镍沿(111)晶面择优取向生长,改变了镍的电沉积层结构,提高了镀层的硬度,改善了镀层的耐腐蚀性能;在复合粉体的作用下,复合镀层的硬度与纯镍镀层相比提高了110%,腐蚀电位正移了23mV,腐蚀电流密度减少了0.991微安/平方厘米.     

SO2-4对块体纳米晶铜阳极极化行为的影响

为了揭示SO₂^-4对块体纳米晶铜耐蚀性能的影响规律,利用电化学方法,结合X射线衍射、能谱分析、扫描电镜等表面分析技术,研究了惰性气体沉积原位温压法制备的块体纳米晶铜在不同质量分数（0.3%、1.3%、2.3%、3.3%和4.3%）Na₂SO₄溶液中的阳极极化行为.结果表明,随着SO₂^-4的增多,纳米晶铜的致钝电流密度增大,而致钝电位降低.在0.3%的Na₂SO₄溶液中加入1%的NaCl,纳米晶铜阳极极化行为发生明显变化,Cl^-在纳米晶铜表面形成难溶于水的CuCl保护钝化膜,纳米晶铜致钝电流密度降低,活化-钝化过渡区电流密度下降速率显著减小.     

不同电流密度下混凝土裂缝电沉积产物的分布特性

选用ZnSO₄作为电沉积溶液,以混凝土裂缝处电阻及裂缝填充深度为评价指标,研究电流密度对电沉积修复钢筋混凝土裂缝效果的影响及对沉积物矿物成分和微观形貌的影响。研究结果表明：经过电沉积修复36 d,混凝土试件电阻显著增加,电阻增加速率随着通电时间增加而减小,电流密度越大,早期电阻增加速率越快,但裂缝填充深度越小。X射线衍射结果表明,沉积物主要矿物成分为ZnO。电镜扫描结果表明,沉积物颗粒大小随着电流密度增大而变大,电流密度越小,沉积物排列越有序,结构越致密。     

电流密度对纳米锌镍合金镀层显微组织的影响

采用适当的添加剂在碱性体系中获得了晶粒度为14—33 nm的纳米锌镍合金电镀层。并应用赫尔槽试验、透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)等技术研究了电流密度对镀层晶体结构的影响。结果表明,在该体系中,在电流密度为0.5—50 A/dm2得到的纳米锌镍合金镀层均为单一的γ-相(N i5Zn21)结构。随电流密度的增加,在低电流密度区镀层的晶粒度由33 nm迅速降至17 nm,在中高电流密度区晶粒度保持在14—17 nm。另外,镀层中还存在亚微米级晶粒团簇,其尺寸随电流密度的增加呈线性增大。     

高效CoFe2O 4的制备及其碱性析氧性能

析氧反应(oxygen evolution reaction, OER) 电催化剂存在成本高、效率低等问题。OER 是一个需要高过电 位的四电子-质子耦合反应, 为了降低电解水阳极的OER 过电位和提高钴铁氧化物(CoFe₂O₄) 的电流密度和稳定 性, 采用简单的水浴和煅烧的方法制备不同煅烧温度的非贵金属催化剂CoFe₂O₄。采用XRD、SEM、TGA 等方法 对CoFe₂O₄ 材料进行表征, 电化学研究结果表明, 在1 mol/L KOH 溶液中, 经过300 ℃ 煅烧的CoFe₂O₄ OER 性能最好, 1.58 V 时就可以产生10 mA/cm² 的电流密度, 塔菲尔(Tafel) 斜率为96 mV/dec, 经过1 000 次循环伏安扫描和计 时电流进行稳定性测试后, 其析氧性能依然保持较高的稳定性。     

电泳-电沉积法制备Ni-Fe2O3复合镀层 及其氧化性能研究

先采用电泳沉积工艺在Ni基体上均匀沉积Fe2O3膜,然后采用电镀技术在Fe2O3膜中沉积金属Ni,得到含Fe2O3质量分数较高的Ni-Fe2O3复合镀层。分析了沉积电压对电泳沉积Fe2O3膜厚度的影响,研究了镀层的高温氧化性能,并对其氧化机理进行了探讨。使用傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪对镀层的截面形貌、成分等进行了研究。结果表明:通过改变阴阳两极之间的电场强度或调整两极之间的距离,电泳沉积Fe2O3的厚度会发生很大的变化;经过一定温度热处理后,电泳沉积层中的有机物去除干净;使用电泳-电沉积法制备的Ni-Fe2O3镀层与基体之间的结合界面紧密、完整;复合沉积层在1 000℃高温条件下氧化后可以得到镍铁尖晶石结构的物质。     

铝合金基体电沉积镍层结合强度的研究

采用一步电镀镍和特殊铝合金表面预处理方法，获得高结合强度的电镀 镍层。选用热震法测试铝合金基体与沉积镍层之间的结合强度，讨论啊铝合金电沉积镍层厚度、温度、电流密度对结合强度的影响。试验结果表明，在采用低电流密度0．2A／dm^3，镀层厚度8－15μm,电镀液温度15－25℃条件下，电镀镍层与铝合金的结合强度最高。     

Al18 B4O33Bi／AI复合材料室温阻尼和力学性能

为提高Al¹⁸ B⁴O³³ w/Al复合材料的室温阻尼性能,通过原位反应向复合材料的界面引入了低熔点金 属Bi.研究了涂层质量分数对涂覆后复合材料室温力学性能和阻尼性能的影响．结果表明,复合材料的力学 性能随着涂层质量分数的增加而降低;复合材料的阻尼性能则随涂覆量的增加而增加．涂覆复合材料的室温 阻尼值不仅强烈依赖于晶须表面涂覆物的质量分数而且依赖于应变振幅．涂覆复合材料在较低应变条件 (4×10_-4)下出现一个由位错机制产生的阻尼峰．当应变振幅超过6x10_-4,界面滑移成为主要的阻尼机制     

低温电镀铝的研究进展

综述了分别由有机溶剂、低温无机熔盐和离子液体构成的低温电镀铝体系的研究进展．有机溶剂和低温无机熔盐电镀铝各有优点,但前者的稳定性差,对水和氧敏感,电导率低;而后者较高的电镀温度限制了基体材料的选择．性能优异的离子液体备受青睐,研究最多的是以卤族为阴离子的离子液体,但是其在空气和水中易氧化和易吸潮变质而不稳定．稳定性更好的新型离子液体不断涌现,但缺乏系统研究．目前,除了电镀单一铝镀层之外,为了获得铝合金的特殊性能,电镀铝合金镀层越来越受到关注．对铝及铝合金镀层的巨大需求和远景期待将促使镀铝体系的推陈出新和镀铝工艺的不断进步,进而降低镀铝体系的成本,低温电镀铝的工业化应用将成为现实．     

Fabrication and microstructure of C<Subscript>a</Subscript>TiO<Subscript>3</Subscript> coating by laser cladding

In order to explore the way to improve the adhesion of the calcium phosphate bioceramic coating to Ti substrate, the CaTiO3 coating was fabricated on Ti substrate by laser cladding (LC) using powders of CaCO3 and CaHPO4, and then the composition and microstructure of the coatings were investigated. During LC, CaCO3 can hardly react with Ti, and the coating fabricated using CaCO3 powder is mainly composed of the process of CaO, the decomposition product of CaCO3. Moreover, the coating has a loosened structure and part of it has peeled off from the substrate. CaHPO4 reacts vigorously with Ti, and the coating fabricated using CaHPO4 mainly consists of CaTiO3 which is one of the reaction products between Ti and CaHPO4. Chemical bonding is formed at the interface between coating and substrate, which may enhance the adhesion of the CaTiO3 coating to Ti substrate. Furthermore, CaTiO3 dendrite and eutectic of CaTiO3 and Ca2P2O7 are found on the surface of the coating, implying that a transition can be formed between CaTiO3 and some calcium phosphate bioceramic. So CaTiO3 coating fabricated using CaHPO4 can be a potential candidate to improve the adhesion between calcium phosphate coating and Ti substrate. However, there are also pores and cracks existing in the coating, which may degrade the mechanical properties of the coating.     

Properties of plasma sprayed NiCrAlY+(ZrO2+Y2O3) coating on refractory steel surface

NiCrAlY+(ZrO₂+Y₂O₃) thermal barrier coating was prepared on the surface of refractory steel 1Cr18Ni9Ti with plasma spraying technique. The phases and microstructure of the thermal barrier coating were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the bonding between thermal barrier coating and substrate is sound. The surface hardness of 1Cr18Ni9Ti reaches up to 1 000 HV, but that of substrate is only 300 HV. The patterns sprayed with CoNiCrAlY+(ZrO₂+Y₂O₃) ceramic coating have a good heat insulation effect at 800 °C for heat insulation temperature difference reaches 54 °C, which increases the operating temperature and service life of refractory steel. Foundation item: Project (5040202140) supported by Scientific Research Common Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education     

The formation mechanism and control methods of high temperature infrared radiant coating defects

Using high aluminum refractory material as substrate at 1400℃, we studied the connections between several oxides such as Fe203, MnOv CuO, and the formation of defects such as coating crack, exfoliation, blistering, erosion, and fading away appeared in the application of high temperature infrared radiation coating. Analyses showed that thermal stress formed during the heating process due to the thermal expansion coefficient differential between the coating and the substrate, and volume effect caused by the crystal transferred when the temperature changed, which resulted in the coating crack and exfoliation. The gas produced by the reactions between components and binder or the components themselves during the heating process caused the coating blistering. The EMPA and XRD analyses show that oxides with low melting point in the penetrating area of the substrate may form eutectic with low melting point and produced thermal defects, which leads to the erosion by penetrating to the substrate. The valent changes of Fe2O3 and MnO2 during the heating process cause the volatilization of the oxides or the pulverization of the coatings, resulting in the coating fades away easily at high temperature for a long time.     

Tensile properties of an aluminum matrix composite reinforced by SnO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-coated Al<Subscript>18</Subscript>B<Subscript>4</Subscript>O<Subscript>33</Subscript> whisker

Al18B4O33 whisker was coated by SnO2 particles using a chemical precipitation method, and an aluminum matrix composite reinforced by the coated whisker was fabricated by squeeze casting technique. It is found that the SnO2 coating can react with aluminum matrix during squeeze casting process, and Sn particles are induced near the interface between Al18B4O33 whisker and matrix. The tensile test at room temperature indicated that the tensile strength of Al18B4O33 whisker reinforced aluminum matrix composite can be enhanced by suitable content of SnO2 coating. The composites with various whisker coating contents exhibit maximum tensile plasticity at about 300 ℃, and the composite with a suitable whisker coating content could enhance its tensile plasticity evidently, which suggest that an Al18B4O33 whisker-Al composite with both high strength at room temperature and high formability at elevated temperature can be designed.     

304N不锈钢表面电弧喷涂复合涂层高温氧化防护机制

为了延长奥氏体不锈钢部件在高温环境下的工作寿命,采用电弧喷涂方法在304N不锈钢表面制备45CT/Al复合涂层,对复合涂层试件进行1 100℃×350 h的连续氧化实验,考察其高温氧化行为,通过研究复合涂层的微观组织变化,探索其高温防护机制.实验结果表明,复合涂层以两种方式为304N不锈钢基体提供有效的高温氧化保护.一方面保证在涂层体系中具有足够的Al、Cr元素,在涂层外表面形成以Al2O3为主的氧化物防护层,阻止氧化介质的向内侵入;此外,在复合涂层下的基体金属中形成层状分布的AlN扩散阻挡层,延缓复合涂层体系中Al、Cr抗氧化元素的质量分数减少,使复合涂层保持持久的高温氧化防护能力.     

Influence of a TiAlN coating on the mechanical properties of a heat resistant steel at room temperature and 650 °C

A TiAlN coating was deposited on a heat resistant steel X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1 by vacuum arc ion plating. The tensile and fatigue properties of the coated steel were investigated at room temperature (RT) and 650 °C. The results reveal that the TiAlN coating is compact, on which a small number of large particle and pits are present. The Ti/Al atomic ratio in the coating is about 0.94. The average hardness of the coating is 1 868 HV0.1 and the interface bonding force between TiAlN coating and the substrate is about 31 N. The elastic modulus and the strength of the steel are improved by the deposition of TiAlN coating. The influence of the TiAlN coating on the tensile properties of the steel can be ignored at both RT and 650 °C. Moreover, there is no obvious decrease of the fatigue limit of substrate when the steel is coated by the coating at the investigated temperature.     

Effect of magnesium and nickel coatings on the wetting behavior of alumina toughened zirconia by molten Al-Mg ahoy

The wettability of alumina toughened zirconia (ZTA) by Al-Mg alloy was investigated using the sessile drop technique.The effects of nickel coating,magnesium content,nitrogen atmosphere,and processing temperature on the contact angle between the molten alloy and the substrate were determined.Likewise,the effect of these factors on the wetting properties was studied.The results showed that the nickel coating on the ceramic substrate caused a significant reduction in solid/liquid surface energy and the contact angle decreased obviously.The presence of magnesium in the molten aluminum alloy in nitrogen atmosphere reduced the contact angle effectively.The presence of magnesium in the alloy must be at a minimum amount of 2wt％-3wt％.Moreover,it was suggested that some chemical reactions in the Al-Mg-N system led to the production of Mg3N2 and A1N compositions.These compositions improved the wetting properties of the systems by reducing the surface energy of the molten.It was shown that increasing the temperature is also an effective factor for the enhancement of wetting properties.     

溶胶凝胶旋涂法制备不锈钢Al2O3-CeO2-Y2O3复合涂层

本文以Al（NO3）3·9H2O,Ce（NO3）3·6H2——Y（NO3）3·6H2O为原料,PVP（聚乙烯吡咯烷酮）为稳定剂,用sol-gel法通过共沉淀水解再胶溶的办法,得到透明、稳定性能好的复合溶胶.利用旋涂法在SUS304不锈钢基体表面涂覆凝胶膜,经热处理得到复合涂层.采用XRD、SEM、EDS和电化学工作站等测试技术对复合涂层的相组成、微观形貌、成分及耐腐蚀性能等进行测试、表征.实验结果表明：用溶胶凝胶旋涂法能够成功制备出均匀的Al2O3-CeO2-Y2O3复合涂层.当主盐硝酸铝的浓度为0.60 mol/L,加入PVP含量为0.3 mol/L时,旋涂速度为3000r/min,旋涂8次,采用自然干燥再经过800℃煅烧能制得较为均匀连续,并且具有优良抗腐蚀性能的Al2O3-CeO2-Y2O3复合涂层.     

Eleetronie Structures and Bonding Properties of Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2

The relation among electronic structure, chemical bond and property of Ti2AlC, Ti3AlC2 and doping Si into Ti2AlC was studied by density function and the discrete variation （DFT-DVM） method. After adding Si into Ti2AlC, the interaction between Si and Ti is weaker than that between Al and Ti, and the strengths of ionic and covalent bonds decrease both. The ionic and covalent bonds in Ti3AlC2, especially in Ti-Al, are stronger than those in Ti2AlC. Therefore, in synthesis of Ti2AlC, the addition of Si enhances the Ti3AlC2 content instead of Ti2AlC. The density of state （DOS） shows that there is mixed conductor characteristic in Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2. The DOS of Ti3AlC2 is much like that of Ti2AlC. Ti2SiAl1-xC has more obvious tendency to form a semiconductor than Ti2AlC, which is seen from the obvious difference of partial DOS between Si and Al 3/7.