采用捷联激光探测器的制导火箭比例导引实现方法

围绕制式火箭弹精确制导改造的需求,提出了一种采用捷联激光探测器和比例导引的火箭弹制导控制方案。针对捷联探测器只能测量弹轴相对于目标的偏差角而无法提供比例导引所需的惯性视线角速度信号的难题,研究了基于捷联探测器测量的误差角和弹体姿态角速度信号的弹目视线角速度信号提取算法。在制导控制系统内部,基于自动驾驶仪与制导律相匹配的原则,设计了两回路过载自动驾驶仪。无量纲脱靶量分析与攻击静止目标的弹道仿真结果验证了所提方案的可行性。     

捷联导引头积分比例导引制导精度

积分比例导引制导是适用于全捷联半主动激光导引头的一种典型制导方案。为解决该制导方案下的命中精度分析问题,提出了一种基于伴随法的精度分析方法。首先,建立了积分比例导引制导律模型,并给出了一种具有较强工程实用性的积分比例导引制导律实现方法;其次,在分析制导回路各项误差源特性的基础上,利用伴随法得到了各误差源对脱靶量的影响。分析结果表明,制导精度与比例导引导航比、自动驾驶仪的动态特性密切相关。得到的结论可以为工程上利用全捷联半主动激光导引头进行制导提供重要参考。     

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波器的捷联导引头刻度尺参数辨识

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波器,提出一种捷联导引头刻度尺参数辨识方法。首先,简化了在比例导引制导律作用下捷联导引头系统的非线性模型。之后,根据该非线性模型,推导扩展卡尔曼滤波方程组,并在参数估计处利用泰勒展式将其线性化。最后,在以上条件下对制导系统的稳定性进行理论分析与研究。通过数学仿真对该刻度尺参数辨识方法加以验证,仿真结果表明:应用该方法,可以快速、准确的估计捷联导引头刻度尺参数,并且有效提高了在稳定性方面制导系统对导引头刻度尺系数误差的容忍度,使系统更具鲁棒性。     

全捷联对地攻击制导武器导引头隔离度对制导系统性能的影响

针对全捷联图像导引头隔离度问题,分别推导了由探测器和角速率陀螺之间的刻度尺系数误差及动力学偏差引起的隔离度传递函数;采用系数冻结法及劳斯判据分析了含有隔离度寄生回路的制导系统稳定区域,给出了不同无量纲末导时间下制导系统稳定时刻度尺误差和动力学偏差的取值范围;利用伴随函数法研究了隔离度对制导精度的影响。以上研究结果可以为全捷联制导武器制导控制系统参数设计提供参考,对于隔离度正反馈的情况应予以更多关注。     

采用UKF的光学捷联导引头刻度尺误差补偿方法

针对光学捷联导引头刻度尺误差带来的隔离度问题,提出了一种基于无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)的刻度尺误差实时补偿方法.分析了刻度尺误差引起隔离度问题的机理,由弹目相对运动方程以及光学捷联导引头量测方程建立了考虑刻度尺误差影响的非线性滤波模型,采用UKF滤波算法,对刻度尺系数进行估计,并用所提出的补偿方法进行实时补偿,最后进行了数学仿真及半实物仿真验证.仿真结果表明:所提方法能够有效地估计出刻度尺系数,经补偿后改善了系统的稳定性,同时提高了制导精度.     

光电探测器的量子噪声特性研究

光电探测器在高新技术领域有着广泛应用,量子噪声是光电探测器的一个主要噪声源,它影响和决定着探测的灵敏度,在误差分析中是一个重要的因素.讨论了噪声与误差的联系与区别.在分析量子噪声来源的基础上,用实验验证了光电探测器一次光电子发射的概率满足泊松分布律,但倍增的光电子发射概率由于倍增噪声而不再遵守泊松分布律.引入噪声比例因子来描述和处理光电探测器的误差.     

捷联式光学导引头特性与多维度最优制导律

为实现捷联式光学成像导引头与制导系统一体化设计,建立了全捷联制导与控制系统,根据捷联导引头特性进行制导与控制原理研究。首先,建立了全捷联导引头与陀螺的数学模型;接着,针对捷联导引头无法精确提取视线角速率的问题,提出姿态驾驶仪与视线角积分比例导引相结合的控制与制导方案,并分析了导引头体视线角、刻度因数、导航比和系统稳定区域之间的关系;然后,推导了全捷联制导系统最优制导律以提高制导系统响应速度;最后,进行了控制与制导系统飞行仿真,仿真结果表明:捷联式制导与控制系统能对静止与运动目标（速度为60 km/h）进行有效攻击,最大射击误差分别为1.49 m与2.62 m;系统误差、陀螺零偏与零偏稳定性对制导系统精度影响较大。捷联导引头制导与控制系统能满足空对地系统对静止与低速运动目标的攻击要求。     

角速度零位误差对比例导引制导精度的影响

主要研究了角速度零位误差对比例导引制导精度的影响,首先建立了比例导引制导回路的简化模型,并得到了简化模型的解析解.根据解析解定义了导弹无量纲位置误差和无量纲法向加速度,并分析了比例导引系数对以上两个无量纲量的影响.详细研究了更复杂的比例导引制导回路模型,给出了在比例导引制导回路各参数取不同值的情况下,导弹无量纲法向加速...     

脉冲力控制捷联探测器制导体制下命中精度研究

分析了脉冲力控制捷联探测器制导体制的特点,提出了在捷联制导体制下对光电探测器的要求.根据探测器的探测工作原理,建立了探测器探测目标的数学模型.数学仿真结果表明,增加探测器的象限个数可以提高弹丸的命中精度.当象限个数增加到16个时,弹丸的命中精度与线性探测器命中精度基本一致.     

全捷联图像导引头隔离度辨识及其抑制技术应用

针对全捷联图像导引头中传感器刻度尺误差与动力学偏差引起的隔离度问题,阐述了隔离度寄生回路产生的机理,并提出在线辨识探测器及角速率陀螺刻度尺系数与补偿导引头动力学延迟的隔离度抑制方案。建立导引头数字平台的等效模型,基于无迹卡尔曼滤波算法（UKF）,对传感器刻度尺系数以及真实弹目视线角速率进行辨识;运用匹配滤波器补偿导引头探测器动力学滞后。最后进行数学仿真,从稳定弹体飞行姿态与提升制导精度两个方面,对各方案的可行性进行了论证。结果表明:UKF滤波算法与匹配滤波器可以有效地对隔离度进行抑制并提升制导系统性能。     

Effect of some component tolerances and measuring errors on noise measurements

It is shown that the common method using two reference noise sources for the measurement of the effective noise temperature of a conventional receiver system can lead to serious errors. These errors arise from attenuation and mismatch effects of the components in the measuring system and the uncertainty to which these effects are known. It is suggested that measurements on (mismatched) low-noise receivers are particularly prone to error.     

光纤陀螺零偏和标度因数补偿算法

研究了光纤陀螺的输出特性,对光纤陀螺的各种输出模型、零偏和标度因数温度模型、开环光纤陀螺(OFOG)标度因数非线性模型进行了探讨,并通过仿真和实验,比较说明了各种温度模型、非线性模型的补偿效果,对工程应用具有指导作用.     

边缘探测技术的信号估算及误差分析

对边缘探测技术的信号估算及测量误差进行了详细的分析。给出了不同情况下误差因子的函数形式和具体数值。讨论了信号平均及背景信号对测量误差的影响。结论是：边缘探测技术具有高信噪比，很小的测量误差，较大的高精度测量范围，并对背景噪声有一定的抵抗作用。     

Performance Analysis of Adaptive Path Selective Decorrelating Detector with Channel Estimation Errors

The system complexity and noise enhancement due to the use of Multipath Decorrelating Detector (MDD) can be reduced by employing adaptive path selection technique. Adaptive Path Selective Decorrelating Detector (APSDD) requires knowledge of the channel coefficients for path selection. Generally, the channel coefficients are assumed to be known at the receiver. However, this is not realistic and the channel coefficients should be estimated. In this paper, we extend the Bit Error Rate (BER) analysis of the path selective receiver to include channel estimation errors.     

Data-driven and optimal denoising of a signal and recovery of its derivative using multiwavelets

Multiwavelets are relative newcomers into the world of wavelets. Thus, it has not been a surprise that the used methods of denoising are modified universal thresholding procedures developed for uniwavelets. On the other hand, the specific of a multiwavelet discrete transform is that typical errors are not identically distributed and correlated, whereas the theory of the universal thresholding is based on the assumption of identically distributed and independent normal errors. Thus, we suggest an alternative denoising procedure based on the Efromovich-Pinsker algorithm. We show that this procedure is optimal over a wide class of noise distributions. Moreover, together with a new cristina class of biorthogonal multiwavelets, which is introduced in this paper, the procedure implies an optimal method for recovering the derivative of a noisy signal. A Monte Carlo study supports these conclusions.     

Double sampling data checking technique: an online testing solution for multisource noise-induced errors on on-chip interconnects and buses

With processors and system-on-chips using nano-meter technologies, several design and test efforts have been recently developed to eliminate and test for many emerging DSM noise effects. In this paper, we show the emergence of multisource noise effects, where multiple DSM noise sources combine to produce functional and timing errors even when each separate noise source itself does not. We show the dynamic nature of multisource noise, and the need for online testing to detect such noise errors. We propose an online approach based on low-cost double-sampling data checking circuit to test for such noise effects in on-chip buses. Based on the proposed circuit, an effective and efficient testing methodology has been developed to facilitate online testing for generic on-chip buses. The applicability of this methodology is demonstrated through embedding the online detection circuit in a bus design. The validated design shows the effectiveness of the proposed testing methodology for multisource noise-induced errors in global interconnects and buses.     

A Robust Matched Detector

We address the matched detector problem in the case the signal to be detected is imperfectly known. While in the standard detector the signal is known to lie along a particular direction, we consider the case where this direction is known up to additive white Gaussian noise. This somehow amounts to assuming that the signal lies in a cone the aperture of which depends upon the level of uncertainty. We build the associated generalized likelihood ratio (GLR), analyze its statistical properties, indicate how to set the threshold to achieve a given false alarm rate, and how to predict the associated probability of detection. The so-obtained detector reduces to the conventional one when the uncertainty vanishes and we analyze its behavior when the level of uncertainty, which has to be known a priori, is mis-evaluated. It appears that the sensitivity of the detector is quite low with respect to this kind of errors. More importantly several realistic examples are presented that indicate that the proposed detector remains quite efficient when the true signals are far from being of the assumed model and whatever the model of the uncertainty actually is. It is this robustness that makes the detector valuable.     

Tunneling and thermal noise as limiting factors in microelectronics

In microelectronics the random errors due to thermal noise are compared to the errors due to tunneling, and it is shown that there is an optimal device geometry for which the error rates of both effects have an equal low level. Finally these effects are discussed as a function of scaling and integration level.     

Carrier Reference Error Sensitivity of a Viterbi Detector for PAM Data Transmission

In this paper we extend the probability of error analysis for Viterbi detectors for PAM data transmission to include the effects of steady-state carrier reference errors. It has earlier been found that the Viterbi detector is sensitive to the effects of constant carrier phase errors. However, for two reasonably complicated voiceband pulses taken from the literature, we find that the Viterbi detector is no more sensitive to random carrier phase errors than is a standard quantizing detector.     

Analysis of the combined effects of finite samples and model errorson array processing performance

The principal sources of estimation error in sensor array signal processing applications are the finite sample effects of additive noise and imprecise models for the antenna array and spatial noise statistics. While the effects of these errors have been studied individually, their combined effect has not yet been rigorously analyzed. The authors undertake such an analysis for the class of so-called subspace fitting algorithms. In addition to deriving first-order asymptotic expressions for the estimation error, they show that an overall optimal weighting exists for a particular array and noise covariance error model. In a companion paper, the optimally weighted subspace fitting method is shown to be asymptotically equivalent with the more complicated maximum a posteriori estimator. Thus, for the model in question, no other method can yield more accurate estimates for large samples and small model errors. Numerical examples and computer simulations are included to illustrate the obtained results and to verify the asymptotic analysis for realistic scenarios