流水施工技术在建筑工程施工管理中的应用

建筑工程施工管理必须要对施工现场所有施工过程进行施工组织.目前组织施工一般有依次施工、平行施工和流水施工三种施工组织方式.实证研究比较三种施工组织方式在组织施工时的优缺点,提出流水施工在利用工作面、实现专业化施工和连续均衡施工等方面的优越性,为工程施工组织管理人员提供参考.     

高层建筑铝模板施工技术的应用核心探索

目前铝模板是高层建筑施工中逐渐被推广应用的一项施工技术,其不仅施工操作较为便捷,而且能够适应高层多个施工环节的施工要求,且有利于控制施工成本.因此应加强对该项施工技术的研究,并在施工实践中加强与相关施工技术的有机结合,从而优化施工技术水平,全面提高施工质量以及效率.     

浅议高墩施工技术在高速公路桥梁施工中的应用

在高速公路桥梁施工过程中,施工单位一般会选择高墩桥梁施工技术进行施工作业,高墩施工技术相应施工难度较大,因此在施工过程中选择合适的高墩施工技术对工程施工质量存在决定性的作用。高墩施工技术也随着施工技术的发展进行完善和创新,更多施工中的新式技术的涌现使得高墩施工技术在实际施工中起到了非常重要的作用。     

伸缩缝施工在市政路桥施工中的应用研究

随着科学技术的发展,新的施工技术为市政路桥施工带来了有效的技术支持.将伸缩缝施工技术应用到市政路桥施工中,能够提升其整体的施工质量,保证路桥施工高效稳定的开展.由于我国地形相对较复杂,在路桥施工中很容易受到河流障碍物的影响,降低其整体的施工质量.在路桥施工中,要提升路桥施工建设的质量,综合考虑到环境、车辆荷载对市政路桥施工活动带来的影响,提升其整体的施工质量.基于此,文章就加强分析伸缩缝施工技术在市政路桥施工中的应用价值,提出了相应的工作建议,加强伸缩缝施工技术在市政路桥施工中的应用,为市政路桥施工提供有效参考.     

公路隧道施工中的防排水施工技术

探究了公路隧道施工中的防排水施工技术的应用要点。结合具体工程项目,阐述了公路隧道施工中防排水施工的重要性,分析了公路隧道防排水施工中防水卷材施工、注浆堵水施工、二次衬砌抗渗施工、橡胶止水带施工与截水沟施工等的技术要点,防排水施工技术能有效提升公路隧道施工质量与安全,满足公路隧道施工要求。     

空冷平台施工质量及进度的提高

人类水资源的严重缺乏,使得电厂设计中对空冷技术广泛采用。如何在施工中提高空冷平台施工质量,加快空冷平台施工进度,成为电建施工单位一个重要的研究课题。空冷平台结构施工分为基础施工和柱段施工。柱段施工中有钢筋施工、模板施工、埋件施工、混凝土施工等几种工序。在基础施工中,采用单个基础开挖,从而提高施工进度和节省施工成本;在柱段各个施工工序中工序及施工内容方面提出合理的施工方法和好的管理方法,能提高工程的施工质量,加快施工进度,并能节省施工成本。     

施工组织对公路施工项目的成本影响研究

在公路施工的过程中进行施工组织计划编制的时候使用的对象是施工项目,施工组织计划可以有效的指导施工技术、施工管理等,并且为施工预算提供依据,所以说编制施工组织计划以及其合理性可以影响到公路工程的方方面面,例如施工成本、施工工期以及施工质量等,所以对于施工工作来说其中一个中心就是编制施工组织,本文对施工组织在公路施工项目方面带来的成本影响进行了研究。     

论述影响水利工程施工质量控制的主要因素

水利工程是我国基础建设项目之一,其修建既可以为民众提供水资源,又可以有效缓解旱涝灾害,施工质量的控制十分重要,尤其是在施工过程中的质量管控。水利工程施工过程中涉及多个施工环节,如混凝土浇筑施工、水闸施工以及渡槽施工等,每一施工环节的质量控制都会影响工程整体的施工质量,介绍了水利工程施工过程中质量控制的意义,随后又对其部分重点施工环节的施工质量控制进行了详细分析。     

土建施工中混凝土施工技术探究

土建施工涉及层面较广,施工工序繁杂而且施工技术的专业水准较高。因此,在土建施工中,施工人员普遍选择技术工艺简单且应用范围比较广泛的混凝土施工技术。混凝土施工技术是土建施工经常采用的一种施工方式,而混凝土施工技术优劣直接决定了土建工程整体施工质量的好坏。基于混凝土施工技术的重要性,本文结合众多一线土建施工技术人员的施工经验,对土建施工中混凝土施工技术应用进行深入化地研究。     

浅谈建筑工程现场施工中安全和施工技术管理

建筑工程的现场施工过程中,部分施工单位没有全面有效的做好施工过程中的安全管理以及施工技术管理工作,导致建筑工程施工过程中出现了让人痛心的施工安全事故以及施工质量事故,对建筑工程的整体施工效益以及社会效益都造成了非常不利的影响,加强建筑工程现场施工过程中的安全和施工技术管理,保证建筑工程施工过程中的人员设备安全,保证建筑工程施工过程中的施工质量符合设计要求以及国家标准,是施工单位在建筑工程施工过程中应该重点关注的工作内容。     

Heat and cold stresses in different climate zones across China: A comparison between the 20th and 21st centuries

Summer and winter discomfort in terms of heat and cold stresses in the nine major architectural climate zones and sub-zones across China in the 21st century were investigated using predictions from general circulation models for the low and medium emissions scenarios. For the six severe cold and cold climate zones in the north, reductions in cumulative cold stress outweighed the increase in cumulative heat stress resulting in an overall decreasing trend in the annual cumulative stress, and vice versa for the other three warmer climate zones in the south. Compared with the 20th century, significant reduction in the cumulative cold stress was observed across the six zones in severe cold and cold climates, ranging from 15.8 in cold-III to 42.3 in severe cold-II. There were modest increases in the cumulative heat stress from 0.3 in cold-II to 12.3 in cold-III. For the warmer climates in the south, reduction in cumulative cold stress ranged from 7.6 in hot summer and warm winter (HSWW) to 10.3 in hot summer and cold winter, while cumulative heat stress increased from 9.9 in the mild zone to 30.6 in HSWW. A reduction in cold stress would result in less winter heating and an increase in heat stress more cooling requirement.     

Health assessment of artisanal gold miners in Indonesia

Small scale miners use mercury to extract gold from ore in many countries. An environmental and health assessment was performed in Indonesia in two regions, Galangan in Central Kalimantan and Talawaan in Northern Sulawesi. The environmental assessment showed severe mercury contamination of the sediments, and increased mercury levels in local fish. For the health investigation 281 volunteers were recruited and examined by a standardized questionnaire, a neurological examination and neuro-psychological tests. A medical score was used consisting of significant factors of mercury intoxication. Mercury exposed workers showed typical symptoms of mercury intoxication, such as movement disorders (ataxia, tremor, dysdiadochokinesia, etc.). Blood, urine and hair samples were taken from any participant and analyzed for mercury. The mercury concentration in the biomonitors was high, partly extreme high in the working population, increased in the population living in the same habitat and low in the control group. By a standard protocol which includes a combination of threshold values of mercury in the biomonitors and a medical sum score the diagnosis of chronic mercury intoxication was made for highly burdened workers (amalgam smelters) in 55% in Sulawesi and in 62% in Kalimantan. Less exposed mineral processors and the general population in the mining areas were also intoxicated to a high percentage.     

Urban environmental mercury in Changchun, a metropolitan city in Northeastern China: source, cycle, and fate

Mercury concentrations in each environmental compartment in Changchun City had obvious spatial and temporal trends. Particulate Hg (HgP) and total gaseous mercury (TGM) concentrations in air, total Hg (HgT) concentrations in precipitation and ratios of HgP to HgT (total Hg in air) in the atmosphere in heating season were higher than those in non-heating season, which resulted from civil heating. In contrast, reactive Hg (HgR) concentrations in precipitation were higher in non-heating season than those in heating season. TGM and SO2 in air had good agreement. HgP concentrations in the atmosphere were correlated with HgT concentrations in precipitation. Based on Hg concentrations in each environmental compartment, Hg exchange fluxes between environmental interfaces were estimated. Only 11.6% of Hg, emitted from coal combustion, deposited into land surface in urban district and the rest part participated in regional or global cycle, so urban district was the source of Hg global and regional cycle. Net fluxes of Hg into land surface and water were 34.26 kg year(-1) and 0.051 kg year(-1), respectively, which were clearly accumulated in the water and soil. Therefore considering urban local Hg cycle, each environmental compartment of urban ecosystem (water, air and soil) was the sink of Hg.     

在革新与现代主义之间:夏昌世与德国(英文)

夏昌世,中国第一代建筑师,1920年代在德国卡尔斯鲁厄留学。1932年,他在图宾根完成了博士论文之后重返祖国。1940年代后期,他在广州成为教授,1973年与妻子一同重返德国,并在那里生活直至1996年逝世。他的设计方法不仅受到那个时代欧洲现代主义运动氛围的熏陶,还来自他对中国传统景观与建筑艺术历史的研究。他是引领岭南区域形成岭南学派建筑的主导力量之一。同时,作为一建筑学教授,他在广州培养了新一代青年建筑师。     

Alteration of arsenopyrite in soils under different vegetation covers

The weathering of arsenopyrite (FeAsS) has been monitored in soils using an in situ experimental approach. Arsenopyrite in nylon experimental bags was placed in individual horizons in soils in spruce (litter, horizons A, B, and C), beech (litter, horizons A, B, and C) and unforested (horizons A, B, and C) areas and left in contact with the soil for a period of 1 year. The individual areas on the ridge of the Krušné hory Mts., Czech Republic, had the same lithology, climatic and environmental conditions. Scorodite (FeAsO₄·2H₂O) was identified as a principal secondary mineral of arsenic (As) formed directly on the surface of the arsenopyrite. Scorodite was formed in all the areas in all soil horizons. The amount of scorodite formed decreased in the series beech, spruce and unforested areas. In forested areas, there was a larger amount of scorodite on arsenopyrites exposed in organic horizons (litter, A horizon). The greater rate of arsenopyrite alteration in organic horizons in the beech stand compared to spruce stand is probably a result of faster mineralization of organic material with resulting production of nitrate and better seepage conditions of soil in this area. Speciation of As determined using the sequential extraction technique demonstrated that As was bonded in the soils primarily in the residual fractions prior to the experiment. The As content in the mobile fractions increased in the organic horizon in the forested areas after the experiments.     

从息壤到土工合成材料

据说息壤是一种可以自生自长的土,远古的先民们曾用它防治洪水。对这种传说中的岩土材料进行了考据,根据河狸坝与我国古代的治河工程,指出所谓息壤应当是古代人们利用草、木、竹、石、土创造出来的加筋土,用以拦截阻挡洪水。秦汉时期称为茨防,宋代称为埽工。回顾了我国土工加筋及其在河工中应用的长远历史,指出土工合成材料在保护环境、保护资源和我国经济可持续发展中应用的广阔前景。     

Accumulation of cadmium in livers and kidneys in Greenlanders

In the Arctic, the traditional diet exposes its people to a very high intake of cadmium because it is highly concentrated in the liver and kidneys of commonly eaten marine mammals. In one study in Greenland, the cadmium intake was estimated to 182 microg/day/person in the fall and 346 in the spring. To determine whether the cadmium is accumulated in humans, we analyzed autopsy samples of liver and kidneys from 95 ethnic Greenlanders (aged 19-89) who died from a wide range of causes. The cadmium concentration in liver (overall mean 1.97 microg/g wet wt) appeared to be unrelated to any particular age group, whereas the concentrations in the kidneys peaked in Greenlanders between 40 and 50 years of age (peak concentration 22.3 microg/g wet wt). Despite the high cadmium levels in the typical Greenlander diet, we found that the cadmium concentrations in livers and kidneys were comparable to those reported from Denmark, Sweden, Australia and Great Britain. Furthermore, even though the mean cadmium intake from the diet was estimated to be 13-25 times higher in Greenlanders than in Danes, we found similar cadmium levels in the kidneys of both. Seal livers and kidneys are the main source of cadmium in the diet of Greenlanders, but these tissues are not eaten in Denmark. Thus, our results suggest that the accumulation of cadmium from Greenlander's marine diet is very low.     

北宋书院园林的景观特征分析

北宋四大书院,即长沙岳麓书院、九江白鹿洞书院、登封嵩阳书院和商丘应天书院,在我国教育史上占有重要地位,它们是封建社会特有的教育组织.本文从选址、建筑布局以及人文景观等方面,总结说明北宋书院的景观特征及其形成原因.它们选址或依山或傍水,以期营造宁静的学习氛围;建筑布局受等级观念影响,基本符合中国古典园林特征,呈中轴对称的...     

The potential for gender equality in architecture: an Anglo-Spanish comparison

The practice of architecture is very similar in different national settings despite what may be very different sociological and cultural origins of the profession, the attendant variances in how work is organized and distinctions in equality and gender roles. The aim of this paper is to examine the quest for equality in architecture for women in the UK and Spain reporting the findings of a comparative study into women architects’ careers in the two countries. Within the qualitative paradigm, semi-structured in-depth interviews were carried out with a total of 55 women architects in the UK and Spain. Findings indicate surprising differences in levels and terms of equality for women in the two countries and marked differences in women’s experiences of working as an architect. Women have come to the profession in Spain much later than their British counterparts and, somewhat surprisingly, are present in greater numbers. However, despite there being more of a ‘critical mass’ this has not served to improve their situation; they report much higher levels of discrimination and find it difficult to progress in their careers. Conclusions argue for a stronger approach by the professional bodies to help improve the position of women.     

The effects of changing water flow velocity on the formation of biofilms and water quality in pilot distribution system consisting of copper or polyethylene pipes

We studied the effects of flow velocity on the formation of biofilms and the concentration of bacteria in water in copper and plastic (polyethylene, PE) pipes. The formation of biofilms increased with the flow velocity of water. The increase in microbial numbers and contents of ATP was clearer in the PE pipes than in the copper pipes. This was also seen as increased consumption of microbial nutrients in the pipeline system. This indicates that the mass transfer of nutrients is in major role in the growth of biofilms. However, the increased biomass of biofilms did not affect microbial numbers in the water. Rapid changes in water flow rate resuspended biofilms and sediments which increased the concentrations of bacteria and copper in water. The disturbance caused by the changing water flow was also seen as an increase in the particle counts and water turbidity recorded with online instrumentation.