碳化硅多孔陶瓷气孔率和强度影响因素

研究了陶瓷粘结剂含量、碳化硅颗粒粒径以及烧结温度对高温气体过滤用碳化硅多孔陶瓷抗弯强度和气孔率的影响. 利用X射线衍射测试了多孔陶瓷烧结后的物相组成. 陶瓷粘结剂含量的增加使碳化硅多孔陶瓷的气孔率快速下降, 在陶瓷粘结剂含量15wt%时, 碳化硅多孔陶瓷可具有较高的气孔率(37.5%)和抗弯强度(27.63MPa). 随着碳化硅颗粒粒径从300?m减少到87um, 碳化硅多孔陶瓷的气孔率和抗弯强度可同时提高, 气孔率从35.5%增加到了42.4%, 而抗弯强度从19.92MPa增加到了25.18MPa. 碳化硅多孔陶瓷的烧结温度从1300℃增加到1400℃过程中, 其气孔率从38.7%迅速下降到35.4%, 而其抗弯强度一直在27MPa左右, 没有大幅变化, 所以该多孔陶瓷的烧结温度应该选在陶瓷粘结剂熔点(1300℃)附近, 不宜过高.     

蜡球造孔法制备多孔HA陶瓷支架及其性能优化

组织工程支架的贯通性对其体内生物学表现具有重要影响。采用甲壳素溶胶体系和蜡球造孔剂制备多孔羟基磷灰石(HA)陶瓷支架, 考查在相同模压条件下, 不同浆料/造孔剂比例对多孔HA陶瓷支架的孔隙率、收缩率、贯通性、多孔结构以及抗压强度的影响。结果表明: 该方法可以制备具有高孔隙的多孔HA陶瓷支架, 随着造孔剂比例的增大, 支架的贯通性更好, 当浆料/造孔剂比例为1:1.2时可以得到孔隙率、贯通性、力学性能最优的多孔HA陶瓷支架。     

冷冻干燥法制备高气孔率、低介电的Si_3N_4陶瓷

采用冷冻干燥法制备具有低介电、定向双峰孔径分布的多孔Si_3N_4陶瓷,并利用Zeta电位、流变仪研究分散剂种类、含量及pH值对浆料的影响。结果表明:当分散剂为聚丙烯酸铵(NH_4-PAA)且其含量为0.8%(质量分数),浆料pH值在10左右时浆料的分散效果最好。利用压汞仪、XRD、SEM与矢量网络分析仪研究了粘结剂含量与固相含量对多孔陶瓷微观结构与性能的影响。结果表明:随着粘结剂含量与固相含量的增加,陶瓷的气孔率下降,力学性能增强。当固相含量由15%(体积分数)增加至40%(体积分数)时,气孔率由82.9%降低至40.6%,抗弯强度由(1.2±0.2) MPa增加到(94.7±5) MPa,抗压强度由(2.1±0.5) MPa增加到(314±8) MPa,介电常数由1.5增加至3.7(12.4～18 GHz波段内)。通过冷冻干燥法制备的多孔Si_3N_4陶瓷在过滤、催化剂载体、透波材料等领域具有更广阔的应用。     

凝胶注模成型技术制备氧化石墨烯/HA复合材料的研究

以氧化石墨烯和纳米羟基磷灰石(HA)粉体为原料,采用凝胶注模成型技术制备了氧化石墨烯/HA复合材料。研究了有机单体、浆料固相含量和石墨烯含量对氧化石墨烯/HA浆料粘度的影响,观察了陶瓷浆料的凝胶固化过程并测量了固化后生坯的密度和抗压强度,分析了氧化石墨烯含量对烧结后复合材料抗弯强度和断裂韧性的影响,观察了试样断口的显微组织。研究结果表明,有机单体含量为15%(质量分数,下同),固相含量为45%,氧化石墨烯含量为1.5%时,氧化石墨烯/HA浆料的粘度最佳,为362.9mPa·s,浆料的分散性良好,固化后生坯具有较高的密度和抗压强度。随氧化石墨烯含量的增加,复合材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧度均先增加后降低。当氧化石墨烯含量为1.5%时,1 150℃烧结样品的抗弯强度为81.5MPa,断裂韧性为1.52MPa·m1/2,分别比HA基体提高了151.8%和74.7%,因此添加氧化石墨烯后的HA复合材料的力学性能更佳。     

MMA-粉煤灰漂珠体系凝胶注模成型制备多孔陶瓷

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为单体,粉煤灰漂珠为骨料,采用非水基凝胶注模成型工艺制备多孔陶瓷。考察了MMA含量对浆料性能的影响、MMA预聚合方式对浆料成型的影响以及生坯的排胶与烧结方法,并对多孔陶瓷性能进行了表征。研究表明:微波预聚合可缩短诱导期、加速MMA本体聚合;过高的微波功率和引发剂用量使反应加速,不利于聚合稳定;提高预聚合程度有助于缩短浆料固化时间、降低生坯体积收缩;为保证浆料的流动性及生坯的完整性,应将MMA预聚液含量控制在45wt%~60wt%;生坯(MMA 50wt%)在380℃排胶1h、1050℃烧结2h,得到的多孔陶瓷抗弯强度为40.35MPa,显气孔率为42.03%,平均孔径为1.12μm。     

含先驱体聚合物浆料浇注成型制备SiC多孔陶瓷

采用SiC粉体与聚碳硅烷(PCS)为原料浇注成型低温烧结制备SiC多孔陶瓷,研究了PCS含量对SiC多孔陶瓷性能的影响。结果表明,PCS含量大于2wt%时可浇注成型,PCS经烧结后生成裂解产物将SiC颗粒粘结起来。所得SiC多孔陶瓷孔径呈单峰分布、孔径分布窄、热膨胀系数低、烧结过程中线收缩率小。随着PCS含量的增大烧成SiC多孔陶瓷的孔隙率降低,但强度显著提高。PCS含量为6wt%时多孔陶瓷的孔隙率、弯折强度和线收缩率分别为36.2%、33.8MPa和0.42%。     

致密羟基磷灰石球粒的制备及其生物学性能研究

使用羧甲基壳聚糖(CMCS)和明胶(Gel)作为粘结剂, 以沉淀法制得的纳米羟基磷灰石(HA)浆料为原料, 采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出了粒径分布均匀, 几何形态良好的致密HA球粒. 其孔隙率为4.7%±0.6%, 单粒抗压强度为(8.9±0.4) MPa(颗粒直径为0.5 mm), 高于孔隙率为16.4%±0.5%的多孔球的抗压强度(7.9±0.2) MPa。仿生矿化和细胞培养的结果显示致密HA球粒具有良好的生物学性能。     

ZrO2/Al2O3多孔陶瓷的制备与力学性能

采用凝胶-发泡法制备了ZrO2/Al2O3多孔陶瓷,研究了陶瓷浆料的流变性,固相含量对多孔陶瓷坯体显微结构与力学性能的影响,以及烧结助剂MgO含量与多孔陶瓷抗压强度及气孔率之间的关系.结果表明,在分散剂含量为0.4％(质量分数),球磨4 h,pH值为4的条件下,陶瓷浆料的黏度较低,有利于凝胶注模.固相含量增加,坯体气孔率下降.过高的固相含量使浆料流动困难,注模时引入空气导致坯体内形成较大的气孔甚至裂纹,使坯体抗压强度下降.由ZrO2引起的相变增韧及微裂纹增韧可有效改善多孔陶瓷的力学性能.随烧结助剂含量增加,多孔陶瓷气孔支撑体致密化程度增大,气孔率降低,抗压强度明显升高.多孔陶瓷的抗压强度最高达30 MPa.引入适量的ZrO2及烧结助剂,可制备气孔率适中、抗压强度高的多孔陶瓷.     

弱界面层方向性对层状ZrB2-SiC/石墨陶瓷的影响

利用流延-叠层-热压烧结工艺制备层状ZrB_2-SiC/石墨(ZrB_2-SiC/G)陶瓷,研究了石墨弱界面层的方向性对其力学性能的影响;通过XRD、SEM等对层状ZrB_2-SiC/G陶瓷的物相、形貌进行观察分析。结果表明:层状ZrB_2-SiC/G陶瓷在平行方向上的弯曲强度为(382±25)MPa,略低于垂直方向的弯曲强度((429±30)MPa);平行方向的断裂韧性为(11.2±0.3)MPa·m~(1/2),比垂直方向的断裂韧性提高了75%。层状ZrB_2-SiC/G陶瓷在平行方向上的断裂韧性的提高主要是由于石墨弱界面层对裂纹的偏转、分叉和脱层作用。     

空心涡轮叶片凝胶注模陶瓷浆料的设计与制备

为获得较低的黏度、较好流动性以及高固相含量的陶瓷浆料,采用同轴圆筒旋转黏度计,测试了不同配方双峰级配电熔刚玉粉体浆料的表观黏度,研究了粉体粒径、颗粒形貌以及级配比例对浆料流动性和固相含量的影响规律.研究表明:粗细颗粒的大粒径比、规则球形、宽粒度分布有利于制备低黏度高固相含量的陶瓷浆料.成功制备了表观黏度仅为0.411 Pa·s、固相含量为63%的陶瓷浆料,制备的陶瓷铸型在1 300℃下的强度大于18 MPa,烧成收缩率小于1%.     

C合金化对AlCrFeCoNi2.1共晶高熵合金微观组织和拉伸性能的影响

目的 为了显著提高AlCrFeCoNi2.1共晶高熵合金的室温力学性能,利用C合金化的方法研究不同碳含量对微观组织和室温拉伸性能的作用规律。方法 采用电弧熔炼–滴铸方法制备了不同C含量的(AlCrFeCoNi2.1)–x%C(x=0、1、2、3,原子数分数)共晶高熵合金,利用XRD、SEM和EDS等手段研究了不同C含量下微观组织、相结构和拉伸性能的变化规律。结果 添加C元素后,合金未形成新相,仍然由FCC相和B2相组成,但其微观组织呈现出由层片状向树枝晶转变的特征。随着C含量的增加,屈服强度和抗拉强度增大,但伸长率有一定的降低,其中(AlCrFeCoNi2.1)–3%C(原子数分数)合金的屈服强度可达到791 MPa,抗拉强度可达到1 332 MPa,同时伸长率仍有6.1%,与AlCrFeCoNi2.1合金相比,屈服强度和抗拉强度分别提高了99 MPa和296 MPa。结论 该强化效果主要来源于C原子的固溶强化作用和微观结构的改变。     

Selection and change in deformation mode to maintain continuity of strains and slip/twinning planes at lamellar boundaries in fatigued TiAl polysynthetically twinned crystals

Change in deformation mode in six types of γ domain (A_M–C_T) and α₂ plates in TiAl polysynthetically twinned (PST) crystals fatigued at a loading axis parallel to lamellar planes with stress amplitude (Δσ) of 420–450 MPa was examined by the transmission electron microscope focusing on continuity of macroscopic strains and slip/twinning planes at lamellar boundaries. At Δσ = 420 and 450 MPa, the strain continuity is always maintained at lamellar boundaries by activation of one of the symmetric twinning systems in A-type domain and selection of the dominant deformation mode between ordinary dislocations and twins in (B and C)-type γ domain. The (B and C)-type γ domains of B_M,B_T,C_M and C_T behave as two sets of (B_M,C_T) and (B_T,C_M) because each set selects either the deformation mode of ordinary dislocations or twins as a dominant system in order to keep macroscopic strain continuity. The set (B_T,C_M) which accounts for a larger volume fraction than the set (B_M,C_T) in TiAl-PST crystals used in this study selected a twinning system at Δσ = 450 MPa, while ordinary dislocations were selected at Δσ = 420 MPa. At Δσ = 450 MPa, twinning deformation prevented the further motion of ordinary dislocations with a Burgers vector parallel to lamellar boundaries, and rapid fatigue hardening occurred accompanied by reduction of the accumulative plastic strain energy. Anomalous change in strain energy during fatigue is infiuenced by the volume fraction of a set of (B and C)-type domain and the anomalous behavior in fatigued TiAl-PST crystals may disappear when each type of γ domain is equally distributed.     

Boron-assisted transformation to rod-like graphitic carbons from multi-walled carbon nanotubes in boron-mixed multi-walled carbon nanotube solids

We produced boron-mixed multi-walled carbon nanotube solids (B-mixed MWCNT solids) by heating and pressing the powder of purified MWCNTs mixed with 1, 5, and 10 wt % boron in the temperature range 1400-1800 °C every 200 °C under a constant pressure of 20 MPa in vacuo, and investigated the influence of boron addition on nanotube structure and the mechanical and electrical properties of the resulting B-mixed MWCNT solids. The structure of the prepared material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy-electron energy loss spectroscopy, Raman scattering spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, and their mechanical properties and conductivity were measured using a mechanical and Vickers indentation tester and an electric resistor, respectively. It is notable that part of the nanotubes in the B-mixed MWCNT solids solidified at 1800 °C had dramatically changed into rod-like graphitic carbons (RLGCs). The occupancy distribution of RLGCs increased with increasing boron contents. However, boron was not detected in the energy-loss near-edge structure spectrum of RLGCs. Furthermore, RLGCs were not observed in the boron-unmixed sample treated with the same solidified condition, indicating that adding boron causes a remarkable ability to transform the phase of MWCNT. Transformation from MWCNTs to RLGCs resulted in increased specific bending strength and modulus, Vickers hardness, and electrical conductivity of B-mixed MWCNT solids with increasing boron content and solidified temperature.     

Microstructure Evolution and Tensile Properties of Pure Ti Subjected to Rapidly Heating and Quenching

The pure α-Ti samples were heated at an extremely high rate (～106 K/s) to the temperature ofβ phase zone followed by a rapidly quenching in an electro-pulsing treatment. After the treatment, micrometer-thick lamellar substructures were generated within the original equiaxed α-Ti coarse grains. Misorientations across adjacent lamellae are of a few degrees. The ultrafine lamellar substructures originated from a non-equilibrium α-β-α' phase transformation during rapidly heating-quenching process with a short exposure time at high temperatures. Tensile strength was increased by about 100 MPa due to the formation of the ultrafine lamellar substructure while the same tensile plasticity (elongation-to-failure) was maintained relative to the original sample. The strengthening effect could be attributed to the effective blockage of dislocation motions by a high density of sub-boundaries.     

The effect of processing parameters on the properties of γ-alumina washcoats deposited on ceramic honeycombs

The coating of cordierite honeycomb specimens with -alumina slurries for the preparation of washcoats for automotive applications was investigated. The dependence of slurry viscosity on factors such as the solids content, the pH and the particle size distribution of the powder used, was determined. Slurry viscosity was correlated to the loading percentage achieved, as well as to the quality of the washcoat in terms of homogeneity and reproducibility. It was found than an adequate solids content in the slurry is necessary for the achievement of satisfactory loading per impregnation. When, though, the particle size of the powder employed is of colloidal dimensions, high solids content leads to extremely high viscosity values. Adjustment of the slurry viscosity is therefore necessary and this was achieved with the use of either HCl or ammonium poly-methacrylate, an organic polyelectrolyte. Optimum loading conditions were achieved when the slurry viscosity lied between 50–150 mPa·s. For a specific solids content, the organic polyelectrolyte led to lower viscosity slurries and resulted in better reproducibility of the loading percentage. With the use of ammonium poly-methacrylate, slurries of fine particles, up to 40 wt% solids content could be handled, resulting in reproducible loading percentages of the order of 15 wt%     

石墨烯/环氧树脂复合材料的制备与力学性能

通过对氧化石墨热膨胀还原并用超声分散制备了石墨烯,并对所得产物进行分析表征。用超声分散和模具浇注成型法制备了石墨烯/环氧树脂纳米复合材料。研究了石墨烯含量对石墨烯/环氧树脂复合材料力学性能和断面形貌的影响,分析了石墨烯对环氧树脂的增强机理。结果表明,随着石墨烯含量的增加,石墨烯/环氧树脂复合材料的拉伸强度及模量先增加后减小;当石墨烯的质量分数为0.1%时,复合材料的拉伸强度达到最大值60.9MPa,比纯环氧树脂提高了16.88%;当石墨烯的质量分数为0.5%时,复合材料的拉伸模量达到最大值2833.3MPa,比纯环氧树脂提高了48.29%。     

加载速率对点阵铝力学行为及吸能特性的影响

目的研究基体材料和加载速率对点阵铝力学性能和吸能特性的影响规律。方法针对工业纯铝、6063铝合金为基体的点阵铝在3种不同的加载速率下进行压缩力学试验。结果加载速率从2mm/min增加到250 mm/min时,点阵纯铝的屈服强度增加了2 MPa,点阵6063铝合金的屈服强度增加了7.6 MPa;加载速率从250 mm/min增加到500 mm/min时,点阵纯铝的屈服强度变化不大,而点阵6063铝合金的屈服强度增加了8.2 MPa;当加载速率一定时,点阵6063铝合金的屈服强度要大于点阵纯铝。结论点阵6063铝合金的力学性能和单位体积吸能随着加载速率的增大而增大,并且点阵6063铝合金的力学性能和吸能特性要大于点阵纯铝。     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of an investment cast gamma titanium aluminide

Abstract

Investment castings have been produced in γ-TiAl of composition Ti–48Al–2Nb–2Mn (at.-%) using induction skull melting. The microstructures of the bars were studied in the as cast condition and after hipping and heat treatment. Heat treatment at 1200°C led to a near γ structure whereas treatment at 1350°C resulted in a nearly lamellar structure. However, a duplex structure was retained after treatment at 1300°C. Tensile, fracture toughness, and fatigue crack growth resistance tests have been carried out on specimens machined from different sized bars. The tensile properties increased with decreasing bar diameter but, conversely, both the fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth resistance improved as the bar diameter increased. It has been found that the fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth resistance in nearly lamellar structures were better than those in near γ structures, whereas duplex structures had intermediate properties. However, the tensile properties of duplex structures were better than both near γ and nearly α₂ /γ lamellar structures, with optimum values at 35 ± 5% α₂ /γ lamellae of ～400 MPa 0·2% proof strength, 470 MPa tensile strength, and 0·9% elongation.     

网眼多孔陶瓷浸渍成型工艺的研究

采用一种具有三维网状结构和连通气孔的氨酯海绵作为骨架来制备网眼多孔陶瓷．采用一种亲水憎水平衡值（ＨＬＢ）＞１２的表面活性剂溶液对海绵体孔筋表面进行改性处理,改善了海绵与水基浆料之间的粘附性,增加了浆料涂覆量．研究了浆料固含量、有机泡沫体网眼大小、对辊间距和挤压次数对浆量涂覆量及结构均匀性的影响．结果表明：浆料固含量和对辊间距是影响涂覆量及结构均匀性的最主要因素．还发现网眼烧结体的相对密度与相对对辊间距具有很好的线性关系,这为预测和优化材料的渗透率及机械强度提供了一定的依据．