Periodic Anderson model for the description of noncollinear magnetic structure in low-dimensional 3d-systems

Distribution of magnetic moments in the low-dimensional metallic structures has been studied theoretically on the basis of periodic Anderson model. Calculation of noncollinear magnetic order was performed in the Hartree-Fock approximation using tight binding real space recursion method. Iteration process includes self-consistent determination of population numbers for the electrons with different directions of the magnetic moments at given atom relatively to the fixed axis. Energies of all states corresponding to the different directions of magnetic moments at the atom under consideration have been calculated, and the state with minimal energy being accepted for the next step.

Analytical transformations based on the generalised “zeros and poles method” were performed for the Green function that allows to avoid some time-consuming numerical procedures. It gives the possibility to develop efficient algorithm for the calculation of noncollinear magnetic structure of complex space nonhomogeneous systems.

Calculations performed for the parameters corresponding to Fe and Cr show the qualitatively different dependencies of the magnetic moment magnitude and the energies of d-electrons on the angles, which define the direction of magnetic moments.     

Physical properties of a new cuprate superconductor Pr2Ba4Cu7O15–δ

We present studies of the thermal, magnetic, and electrical transport properties of reduced polycrystalline Pr₂Ba₄Cu₇O_15?δ (Pr247) showing a superconducting transition at T_c=10–16 K, and compare them with those of as-sintered non-superconducting Pr247. The electrical resistivity in the normal state exhibited T² dependence up to approximately 150 K. A clear specific heat anomaly was observed at T_c for Pr247 reduced in a vacuum for 24 h, proving the bulk nature of the superconducting state. By the reduction treatment, the magnetic ordering temperature T_n of Pr moments decreased from 16 to 11 K, and the entropy associated with the ordering increased, while the effective paramagnetic moments obtained from the DC magnetic susceptibility varied from 2.72 to 3.13μ_B. The sign of Hall coefficient changed from positive to negative with decreasing temperature in the normal state of a superconducting Pr247, while that of the as-sintered one was positive down to 5 K. The electrical resistivity under high magnetic fields was found to exhibit T^α dependence (α=0.08–0.4) at low temperatures. A possibility of superconductivity in the so-called CuO double chains is discussed.

PACS: 74.72.Jt; 74.25.Bt; 75.40.Cx; 74.25.Fy     

Physical properties of a new cuprate superconductor Pr2Ba4Cu7O15−δ

We present studies of the thermal, magnetic, and electrical transport properties of reduced polycrystalline Pr₂Ba₄Cu₇O_15−δ (Pr247) showing a superconducting transition at T_c=10-16 K, and compare them with those of as-sintered non-superconducting Pr247. The electrical resistivity in the normal state exhibited T² dependence up to approximately 150 K. A clear specific heat anomaly was observed at T_c for Pr247 reduced in a vacuum for 24 h, proving the bulk nature of the superconducting state. By the reduction treatment, the magnetic ordering temperature T_N of Pr moments decreased from 16 to 11 K, and the entropy associated with the ordering increased, while the effective paramagnetic moments obtained from the DC magnetic susceptibility varied from 2.72 to 3.13μ_B. The sign of Hall coefficient changed from positive to negative with decreasing temperature in the normal state of a superconducting Pr247, while that of the as-sintered one was positive down to 5 K. The electrical resistivity under high magnetic fields was found to exhibit T^α dependence (α=0.08-0.4) at low temperatures. A possibility of superconductivity in the so-called CuO double chains is discussed.     

Nuclear spin relaxation in normal liquid 3He in contact with magnetic substrates

We investigate the theory of longitudinal nuclear spin relaxation in the normal state of liquid ³He when the nuclear spins of the ³He are coupled to electronic moments in a substrate. We begin by deriving a general form for the relaxation rate in terms of spin correlation functions of the fluid and those of the spins in the substrate. The expression is applied to models which have formed the basis of recent theoretical discussions of the magnetic Kapitza conductance observed at very low temperature. We place considerable emphasis on the differences in the relaxation rate when the two spin systems are coupled by dipolar interactions and when they are coupled by isotropic interactions of exchange character. There are striking qualitative differences between these two cases in the model calculations. We also examine the general structure of the expressions for the nuclear relaxation rate and magnetic contribution to the Kapitza conductance to form model-insensitive conclusions about their temperature variation in special regimes of temperature. Finally, the results of our calculations are compared with the limited data available.Research supported in part by NATO Research Grant No. 1196.Laboratoire associé au CNRS.     

NMR Spin-Lattice Relaxation Rates in Cuprates

An analysis of nuclear spin-lattice relaxation data in the normal state of cuprates that appropriately accounts for the highly anisotropic structures shows no contrasting temperature dependence of the Cu, O, and Y relaxations, which suggests that all nuclei relax by the same mechanism of the spin liquid. To investigate the temperature dependence of this mechanism, the model of fluctuating fields is used in which the rates are expressed in terms of hyperfine interaction energies and an effective correlation time τ _eff characterizing the dynamics of the spin fluid. The former contain the effects of the antiferromagnetic static spin correlations, which cause the hyperfine field constants to be added more coherently at low temperature but incoherently at high temperature. At low temperatures, τ _eff grows linearly with temperature as in ordinary metals. At high temperatures, however, the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rates in various cuprates unequivocally reflect local moment features. This behavior is similar to that observed for the magnetic transition metals Fe, Co, and Ni, where also some properties show a cross-over from an itinerant behavior of delocalized electrons at low to that of localized moments at high temperatures.     

Physical properties of a new cuprate superconductor Pr2Ba4Cu7O15−δ

We present studies of the thermal, magnetic, and electrical transport properties of reduced polycrystalline Pr₂Ba₄Cu₇O_15−δ (Pr247) showing a superconducting transition at T_c=10–16 K, and compare them with those of as-sintered non-superconducting Pr247. The electrical resistivity in the normal state exhibited T² dependence up to approximately 150 K. A clear specific heat anomaly was observed at T_c for Pr247 reduced in a vacuum for 24 h, proving the bulk nature of the superconducting state. By the reduction treatment, the magnetic ordering temperature T_N of Pr moments decreased from 16 to 11 K, and the entropy associated with the ordering increased, while the effective paramagnetic moments obtained from the DC magnetic susceptibility varied from 2.72 to 3.13μ_B. The sign of Hall coefficient changed from positive to negative with decreasing temperature in the normal state of a superconducting Pr247, while that of the as-sintered one was positive down to 5 K. The electrical resistivity under high magnetic fields was found to exhibit T^α dependence (α=0.08–0.4) at low temperatures. A possibility of superconductivity in the so-called CuO double chains is discussed.     

Noncollinear Ground States in Ferromagnetic (III,Mn)V Semiconductors

Disorder-induced noncollinear ferromagnetism is a common feature of kinetic-exchange models for ferromagnetic (III,Mn)V semiconductors with randomly distributed Mn ions. The instability of the collinear state is due to long-ranged fluctuations involving a large fraction of the localized magnetic moments. In cases were the true ground state magnetization is reduced substantially from the maximum value of the collinear state one finds a complex energy landsacpe with many metastable minima. Finally we report on studies of the influence of an external field realigning the Mn spins starting from a glassy zero-field ground state.     

Impedance and modulus spectroscopic studies on 40PrTiTaO<Subscript>6</Subscript> + 60YTiNbO<Subscript>6</Subscript> ceramic composite

The 40PrTiTaO₆ + 60YTiNbO₆ ceramic composite is prepared through the solid state ceramic route. The structure is discussed using X-ray diffraction analysis. Surface morphology is examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Impedance and modulus spectroscopic studies are carried out. A decrease in the resistive behavior of the sample assisted by the grain boundary conduction with rise in temperature is found. The experimental results on electrical properties indicate that the material exhibits conduction both due to bulk and grain boundary effect. The microstructure was investigated by SEM micrographs in which grains separated by grain boundaries are visible. There is a probable change in the capacitance values of the material as a function of temperature. The relaxation time is small at higher temperatures than at lower temperatures. The activation energy is found as 1.52 eV, which suggests the possibility of electrical conduction due to the mobility of oxide ions (O²⁻) or oxide ion vacancies at higher temperature.     

Experimental insight into the magnetic and electrical properties of amorphous Ge1-xMnx

Abstract

We present a study of the electrical and magnetic properties of the amorphous Ge_1-xMn_x.DMS, with 2% ≤ x ≤ 17%, by means of SQUID magnetometry and low temperature DC measurements. The thin films were grown by physical vapour deposition at 50°C in ultrahigh vacuum. The DC electrical characterizations show that variable range hopping is the main mechanism of charge transport below room temperature. Magnetic characterization reveals that a unique and smooth magnetic transition is present in our samples, which can be attributed to ferromagnetic percolation of bound magnetic polarons.     

Fe_x(In_2O_3)_(1-x)磁性颗粒膜的结构及光学性质

用射频溅射法制备了金属 /半导体 Fex(In2 O3) 1-x 颗粒膜。实验结果表明 :纳米尺度的Fe颗粒比较均匀地分布在非晶态母体In2 O3 中。退火可使In2 O3 晶化。该样品在室温下表现出超顺磁驰豫 ,符合Langevin方程。光学测量表明 :嵌Fe的磁性颗粒膜 ,其电子的带间跃迁由In2 O3 的直接跃迁变为间接跃迁 ,基本吸收边红移 ;随磁性增强 ,局域态尾变宽 ,带隙变窄     

Dielectric Behavior of Diamond Films

Nanostructured diamond films have been synthesized using microwave plasma enhanced chemical-vapor-deposition methods. The dielectric behavior has been investigated by using impedance spectroscopy up to 500°C. Impedance data are presented in the form of a Cole–Cole plot. It is found that: (i) The resistivity contributed from both the grain interior and the grain boundary decreases with an increase of temperature. (ii) Above 250°C, the impurities at grain boundaries are thermally activated, and thus contribute to the dielectric relaxation. (iii) The electrical conductivity of diamond films follows an Arrhenius law with an activation energy transition from 0.13 and 0.67 eV at 250°C. A similar activation energy is found for the Arrhenius plot of relaxation frequencies from 0.14 to 0.73 eV. Possible physical mechanisms responsible for the dielectric behavior are presented and discussed.     

Migration kinetics of oxygen vacancies in Mn-modified BiFeO₃ thin films

Migration kinetics of oxygen vacancies in BiFe(0.95)Mn(0.05)O(3) thin film were investigated by the temperature -dependent leakage current as well as the electric field and temperature-dependent impedance spectroscopy. The BiFe(0.95)Mn(0.05)O(3) is of an abnormal leakage behavior, and an Ohmic conduction is observed regardless of varied temperatures and electric fields. The temperature-dependent impedance spectroscopy under different resistance states is used to illuminate different leakage behavior between BiFe(0.95)Mn(0.05)O(3) and pure BiFeO(3). The impedance spectroscopy under a high resistance state shows that the first ionization of oxygen vacancies is responsible for the dielectric relaxation and electrical conduction of BiFe(0.95)Mn(0.05)O(3) in the whole temperature range of 294 to 474 K; the BiFeO(3) exhibits similar dielectric relaxation and electrical conduction behavior in the low-temperature range of 294-374 K, whereas the short-range motion of oxygen vacancies was involved in the high-temperature range of 374-474 K. The impedance spectroscopy under a low resistance state demonstrates that the dielectric relaxation and conduction mechanisms almost keep unchanged for BiFe(0.95)Mn(0.05)O(3), whereas the hopping electrons of Fe(2+)-V(O)(?)-Fe(3+) and Fe(2+)-Fe(3+) are responsible for its dielectric relaxation and conduction mechanism of BiFeO(3). Different impedance spectroscopy under low and high resistance states confirms that an abnormal leakage behavior of BiFe(0.95)Mn(0.05)O(3) is related to different migration kinetics of oxygen vacancies, obviously differing from that of BiFeO(3).     

Magnetic Properties of RB66 (R = Gd, Tb, Ho, Er, and Lu)

We report magnetic susceptibility measurements of RB₆₆ (R = Gd, Tb, Ho, Er, and Lu) boron-rich rare earth containing borides down to 50?mK. The data suggest a spin glass low temperature state for RB₆₆ (R = Gd, Tb, Ho, and Er) with the freezing temperatures below 1?K. The magnetic properties appear to be influenced by the anisotropy of the magnetic moments, probably via the crystalline electric field effects.     

(La2/3Ca1/3)(Mn(3-x)/3)Fex/3)O3体系磁电阻行为的研究

通过系统地测量（La2/3Ca1/3）（Mn（3-x）／3Fex／3）O3（x＝0、0.1、0．2、0．3的体系样品的电阻率-温度关系以及一定温度下磁电阻率与磁场的关系,发现随x的变化其磁电阻率峰和电阻率峰均发生位移,磁电阻率峰值增大,并伴生磁电阻率峰展宽效应．作者认为由于Fe的替代,引起体系中Mn3 ／Mn4 比率及磁矩的变化,加之外场对磁有序结构的调制作用,从而影响了Mn3 －O－Mn4 的双交换作用,最终导致磁电阻行为发生变化．     

Magnetic, Electrical and Thermodynamic Properties of UCuT x Al11−x Alloys Where T = Mn, Fe and x=4 and 5

The structure, magnetic, electrical, and thermodynamic properties of UCuT _x Al_11?x alloys, where T = Mn or Fe and x=4 or 5 are presented. The behavior of the Fe alloys is ferromagnetic-like with the Curie points amounting to 180 and 230 K, and the saturation magnetic moments under magnetic field of 5 T equal to 4.75 and 6.02 μ_B/f.u., respectively, whereas under a magnetic field of about 34 T the magnetic moments amount to 6.9 and 9.0 μ_B/f.u. for the alloys with x=4 and 5, respectively. The Curie points are reflected in the temperature dependence of the specific heat in which the anomalies are found at 180–200 and 230 K for alloys with x=4 and 5, respectively, however, it shows no reflection in the temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity. The field dependence of the magnetization at T=1.9 K for both compounds exhibits considerable hysteresis. There is a pronounced difference between ZFC and FC magnetization in its temperature dependence below the Curie point for materials with x=4 and 5. The Mn alloys exhibit ferrimagnetic-like character for which, supposedly, the interplay of the uranium and manganize sublattices is responsible. Magnetic transitions are determined at T _N =300 (x=4) and 380 K (x=5). However, those anomalies do not find confirmation in the temperature dependence of the specific heat and the electrical resistivity. Magnetic moments determined at T=1.9 K and in a magnetic field of 5 T are very low and in both cases amount to about 0.35 μ_B/f.u. and these values are slightly higher in a magnetic field of 34 T reaching a value of about 1.5 μ_B/f.u. Also for the Mn alloys the clear difference between ZFC and FC magnetization in its temperature dependence below the Curie point is observed.     

Influence of precursor molar concentration on the electrical and magnetic properties of synthesized MnS nanocrystals

MnS Nanocrystals have been synthesized with 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1 molar ratio of precursors using wet chemical method. The electrical and magnetic properties of as-synthesized MnS nanocrystals have been investigated using the impedance spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer respectively. An increase in dielectric constant from 68.5 to 87.9 with increasing Mn content and decrease to 54.1 with increase in the sulfur content was observed. Both the dielectric constant and the loss factor increased with temperature due to the Maxwell–Wagner type interfacial space-charge polarization. The Cole–Cole plot confirmed that the conduction in as-synthesized samples are through the grain and grain boundaries. The resistance and capacitance of grain and grain boundaries have been calculated. The grain resistance varies from 248 to 199 Ω whereas the grain boundary resistance varies from 16 to 6.7 KΩ over the temperature ranges of 323–473 K for 1:1 sample. It endorsed the NTCR type behavior in all the samples. The electric modulus representation revealed the well-defined relaxation peaks. The relaxation time versus temperature behavior revealed that the relaxation time decreases with increase in temperature. AC-conductivity (σ_ac) increases with increasing frequency and temperature. σ_ac increases from 1.58 × 10^?5 to 1.51 × 10^?3 S cm^?1 with the increase of Mn content and then decreases to 1.22 × 10^?8 S cm^?1 with increase of sulfur content. The activation energy is found to be 0.35 eV (1:1), 0.64 eV (1:2) and 0.28 eV (2:1) at 3 kHz. The chemically modified MnS nanocrystals exhibit paramagnetic behavior. A typical saturation magnetization of 0.56, 0.38, and 0.57 emu/g and coercivity of 2.31, 8.42, and 5.57 Oe at room temperature for 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1 sample respectively.     

Discontinuous reactions in melt-spun Cu–10 at. %Co alloys and their effect on magnetic anisotropy

The occurrence of discontinuous reactions under isothermal annealing of melt-spun Cu–10 at. % Co alloys, consisting of ribbons (20 µm thick) with columnar grains in the as-solidified state, has been investigated. The microstructure of the ribbons for different annealing temperatures (723–923 K) and annealing times (5–60 min) was determined by transmission electron microscopy, including analysis by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Magnetic properties at room temperature were measured by means of hysteresis curve measurements in a vibrating sample magnetometer. Different types of microstructure were observed within grains and at grain boundaries. The spinodal decomposition microstructure was observed during the early stages of annealing for all annealing temperatures. Spherical precipitates grew from the modulated structure at a later stage, forming homogenous distributions throughout the grains. Heterogeneous distributions of incoherent precipitates formed at T > 873 K. As result of discontinuous precipitation, all grain boundaries exhibited arrays of rod-like Co precipitates with diameters and inter-rod spacing of few nanometers. The coarsening of discontinuous precipitates is attributed to a grain boundary-controlled phenomenon, called discontinuous coarsening (DC). The columnar morphology of the grains in the as-solidified alloy was connected with Co rods that were primarily oriented along the ribbon plane. This structure is connected with magnetic anisotropy, which is later weakened by DC. These results elucidate the unusual magnetic behavior of melt-spun Cu–Co alloys and provide a key to understanding their higher magnetoresistance in comparison with other heterogeneous systems.     

Ab Initio Study of Curie Temperatures of Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors

The Curie temperature of diluted (Ga,Mn)As magnetic semiconductors in the presence of As antisites is studied from first principles. We map total energies associated with rotations of Mn-magnetic moments onto the effective classical Heisenberg Hamiltonian which is treated in the mean-field approximation to find the Curie temperature. The presence of donors strongly reduces the Curie temperature and gives rise to a ground state with a partial disorder of local moments. We show that the observed dependence of the Curie temperature on the Mn concentration indicates that the concentration of As antisites increases with the Mn content.     

Dielectric and impedance study of lead-free ceramic: (Na<Subscript>0.5</Subscript>Bi<Subscript>0.5</Subscript>)ZrO<Subscript>3</Subscript>

Polycrystalline sample of (Na_0.5Bi_0.5)ZrO₃ was prepared using a high-temperature solid-state reaction technique. XRD analysis indicated the formation of a single-phase orthorhombic structure. Dielectric study revealed the diffuse phase transition at 425 °C. AC impedance plots were used as tools to analyse the electrical behaviour of the sample as a function of frequency at different temperatures. The ac impedance studies revealed the presence of grain boundary effect at and above 350 °C. Complex impedance analysis indicated non-Debye type dielectric relaxation and negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) character of (Na_0.5Bi_0.5)ZrO₃. AC conductivity data were used to evaluate the density of states at Fermi level and activation energy of the compound. DC electrical and thermal conductivities of grain and grain boundary have been assessed.     

Proprietes electriques et magnetiques de Mn0,25NbS2 et Mn0,33NbS2

Crystals of Mn_0.25NbS₂ and Mn_0.33NbS₂ phases were grown by iodine vapor transport. Their accurate composition has been determined and single phase specimens used for studies of magnetic and electrical properties. Both compounds show ferromagnetic interactions at low temperature. Curie paramagnetic temperatures are 120°K for Mn_0.25NbS₂ and 53°K for Mn_0.33NbS₂. The experimental magnetic moments indicate an intermediate valence state (between +2 and +3) for manganese in the compounds. Resistivity and Hall measurements show a metallic character and coincide with the intermediate valence state. Interpretations are given in terms of a simple band model, and an analysis of the magnetic interactions is proposed.