涂料的组成与分类——油料

涂料是有机高分子化合物为主体的多组份混合物,其品种繁多,不同的涂料,其特性、使用环境和对象也不同。在工业产品上,常用涂料品种的组成,包括五大部分,即:油料、树脂、颜料、稀料和辅料。其中油料和树脂,是主要成膜物质,称为固着剂,是涂料的基础材料,否则就无法牢固地涂覆于物面;颜料是一种重要的成膜物质,漆膜中添加颜料之后,可获得许多特殊的性质;稀释剂和辅助材料是辅助成膜物质,有助于漆的涂布和改善漆膜的某些性能。涂料的组成如下:     

聚氨酯可剥离涂料的制备和性能研究

以PU D8625、Bayhydrol PR240 2种聚氨酯分散体的混合溶液为成膜物质,以Tego Wet 245为润湿分散剂制备出一种聚氨酯可剥离涂料。研究了R960填料及光稳定剂Sanduvor 3225对涂料性能的影响。性能测试表明,该涂料平均拉伸强度达7.61MPa,平均断裂伸长率达123.53%,具有很好的可剥离性。     

一种有机硅可剥离涂料的研制

α,ω-二羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷可以作为双组分可剥离涂料的成膜物质,该涂料适用范围广泛,可在木材、钢铁、铝材、有机玻璃、聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯等材料的表面很好地进行剥离.讨论了α,ω-二羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷黏度、二甲基硅油黏度和白炭黑用量等因素对涂料性能的影响;该涂料涂膜的扯断强度约3.0～4.0 MPa,扯断伸长率约400%,撕裂强度约10～25 kN/m.     

水性透明可剥离防护涂料制备及性能

以脂肪族聚氨酯水性乳液为基体,制备了一种水性透明可剥离防护涂料。研究了该可剥离涂料在不同基材表面的成膜性能及可剥离性,漆膜厚度对剥离强度的影响以及紫外光吸收剂对漆膜耐老化性能影响。结果表明,可剥离涂料在不同基材表面均可连续成膜且可连续完整从基材表面剥离,剥离强度保持在0. 35～0. 75N/25mm之间;当漆膜达到一定厚度后,剥离强度不会再变化,加入紫外线吸收剂后漆膜耐候性明显提高。     

透明防火涂料的研究开发途径

透明防火涂料研制的难点在于成膜树脂的理化性能和使用寿命，以及高效、用量少、性能稳定的阻燃体系，将阻燃体系与成膜树脂结合在一起是透明防火涂料研究的方向。合成低聚磷酸酯可用作透明防火涂料阻燃体系的脱水催化剂，含发泡剂组分的改性氨基树脂用作成膜树脂可减少阻燃剂用量，将阻燃剂接枝在成膜树脂上可提高防火涂料的使用寿命。     

热塑性树脂在机床、刀具表面防锈上的应用

介绍了以热塑性树脂为主要成膜物质 ,加入防锈剂和改性剂制成热熔型和溶剂型可剥离防锈包装材料 ,并叙述了其在刀具和机床防锈方面的应用情况。     

水性可剥离防护涂料的制备和性能研究

以聚氨酯乳液tm803为成膜物质,以R960为填料,以BYK-151为润湿分散剂,以BYK-011、BYK-094为消泡剂,以BYK-333为流平剂,以BYK-425为增稠剂制备出一种新型水性可剥离防护涂料。性能测试表明,该涂料平均拉伸强度达5.72MPa,平均断裂伸长率达258.35%,具有很好的可剥离性。     

可剥离涂料的制备与去污性能研究

自行研制的可剥离去污涂料在实验以及实际应用中的结果可知,所研制的以聚乙烯醇为主要成膜物质,通过添加改性TiO2粉体所制备的可剥离涂料能够满足在不同基材以及界面的施工,同时在实验室中的模拟环境中对污染物的去污效率能够达到90%以上,在对机器人的表面去污中也取得了良好的效果。     

水性可剥涂料研究进展

介绍了可剥涂料的应用背景,综述了水性可剥涂料的主要作用及机理.按成膜树脂的不同,系统阐述了乙烯基类、丙烯酸树脂类、聚氨酯类等水性可剥涂料的国内外最近研究进展,并对水性可剥涂料的研究和应用方向进行了展望.     

一种可剥性气相防锈涂料的研制

一般的可剥性涂料成膜后所形成的涂层较脆,不能够大面积剥离,在金属防锈方面比较差,更不具有对金属气相防锈的功能.研制了一种能在常温下快速成膜的可剥性气相防锈涂料,所形成的涂层具有优良的柔韧性和耐冲击强度,能够大面积地进行剥离.提出了涂料的最佳配方为:乙烯基高分子树脂100.0 g,复合型油溶性气相缓蚀剂13.3 g,环氧树脂6101 10.0 g,增韧剂(邻苯二甲酸二丁酯)25 mL,稳定剂(二月桂酸二丁基锡)0.5 g,抗氧剂B215 0.5 g,润滑油2 mL,混合溶剂700 mL.结果表明,这种涂料对金属具有一定的防锈性能和浸泡性能,喷涂于金属表面可有效地提高金属产品的防锈性能.     

Conducting polyaniline nanoparticles and their dispersion for waterborne corrosion protection coatings

A novel approach for preparing waterborne corrosion protection polyaniline (PANI)-containing coatings was developed. First, conducting polyaniline/partially phosphorylated poly(vinyl alcohol) (PANI/P-PVA) spherical nanoparticles with significant dispersibility in aqueous media were prepared by the chemical oxidative dispersion polymerization in presence of partially phosphorylated poly(vinyl alcohol) (P-PVA). The PANI/P-PVA-containing coatings with different PANI/P-PVA contents were then prepared, employing waterborne epoxy resin as the matrix. The corrosion protection property of PANI/P-PVA-containing coatings on mild steel was investigated by salt spray test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique in 3.0 wt % NaCl aqueous solution. The results indicated that the waterborne PANI/P-PVA-containing coatings (PANI/P-PVA content, 2.5 wt %) could offer high protection because the impedance values remained at higher than 1 × 10(7) Ω cm(2) after 30 days of salt spray tests. All the results were compared with these of the waterborne coatings containing PANI nanoparticles in the emeraldine salt form (PANI ES), and the protection mechanism was also proposed with the evidence of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS).     

抗静电阻燃涂料的研究

综述了添加型、本体型抗静电阻燃涂料（AFRC）的研究进展．通过对添加型抗静电阻燃涂料的导电涂料、基体树脂和其他添加剂的比较分析,认为导电填料的微粒化是添加型AFRC的发展趋势．此外,聚苯胺（PANI）、聚吡咯（PPyr）、聚萘乙炔（PNE）、聚噻吩（PT）等本体导电高分子（ICPs）和粉末涂料的不断发展也为实现涂料的无溶剂化指明了方向．     

Application of ion attachment mass spectrometry to evolved gas analysis for in situ monitoring of porous ceramic processing

Ion attachment mass spectrometry was applied to evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry (EGA-MS), generally known as thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry. Characteristic species arising from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resin, used as a binder and a porogen, respectively, in the starting materials for porous ceramics, were detected in the mass spectra. The EGA curves of the characteristic mass peaks from PVA and PMMA, when plotted against the programmed temperature, successfully showed the individual pyrolysis behavior of each polymer during the firing process.     

环氧树脂改性水性聚氨酯的合成研究

采用甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI-80)、聚醚二醇(N220)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)、环氧树脂和丙烯酸羟丙酯(HPA),合成了环氧改性的双键封端水性聚氨酯乳液.乳液由于含有不饱和双键而具有感光性能,故此乳液可用作水性紫外光固化涂料或胶粘剂的预聚物.实验结果表明,随着环氧树脂用量的增大,涂膜的硬度、耐水性、耐溶剂性及力学性能增强,但乳液外观和稳定性变差,故适宜的环氧树脂添加量为4%～8%.通过傅立叶变换红外光谱、粒径分析仪、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)和透射电镜(TEM)等对乳液进行了表征.粒径分析仪分析显示,加入环氧树脂后,水性聚氨酯(WPU)分散体粒径增大,粒径分布变宽.凝胶渗透色谱分析表明环氧树脂改性水性聚氨酯提高了聚氨酯的分子量.     

Hexagonal boron nitride/poly(vinyl butyral) composite coatings for corrosion protection of copper

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) fillers are incorporated into poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) coatings to improve the corrosion protection performance of copper.It has...     

A Diffusion Controlled Drug Delivery System for Theophylline

The goal of achieving ideal attributes of a drug delivery system including reliability and predictability has led investigators to design controlled release (CR) systems based on the principles of microporous coatings, diffusion controlled coatings and various hydrogel type systems.

In this study, the critical role of “water content fraction” of a polymer in deciding its diffusion characteristics has been ascertained and the correlation between molecular size/shape, membrane thickness, pore radii and drug diffusion has also been demonstrated. The theoretical considerations, designing and engineering of a “barrier coated-reservoir” type of a delivery system for theophylline using poly (vinyl alcohol) [PVA] as the coating material are discussed. After realizing the desired theoretical in-vitro release profile, in-vivo studies were carried out on a dog model. The potential of poly (vinyl alcohol) as a barrier coating material in developing a CR system is interestingly observed.     

A Diffusion Controlled Drug Delivery System for Theophylline

Abstract

The goal of achieving ideal attributes of a drug delivery system including reliability and predictability has led investigators to design controlled release (CR) systems based on the principles of microporous coatings, diffusion controlled coatings and various hydrogel type systems.

In this study, the critical role of “water content fraction” of a polymer in deciding its diffusion characteristics has been ascertained and the correlation between molecular size/shape, membrane thickness, pore radii and drug diffusion has also been demonstrated. The theoretical considerations, designing and engineering of a “barrier coated-reservoir” type of a delivery system for theophylline using poly (vinyl alcohol) [PVA] as the coating material are discussed. After realizing the desired theoretical in-vitro release profile, in-vivo studies were carried out on a dog model. The potential of poly (vinyl alcohol) as a barrier coating material in developing a CR system is interestingly observed.     

Properties of polyvinyl alcohol cement pastes

Properties of cement pastes containing varying amounts of each of polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL), mixtures of polyvinyl alcohol and phenol formaldehyde (PF) and mixtures of poly vinyl alcohol and borax were studied in this paper. Though the strength parameters of the PVAL-cement pastes are comparable to virgin cement paste their resistance to acid is far superior. Soxhlet extraction with water, done to determine leachability of the polymer from the polymer cement paste, revealed that the percentage of polyvinyl alcohol leached out was less when borax or PF resin was added to the PVAL cement paste. The compressive strength of the poly vinyl alcohol–phenol formaldehyde cement paste was found to be inferior to the other two cases but the retention of compressive strength after immersing in each of acid, base and kerosene was much better. In general, polyvinyl alcohol when added to cement pastes improves the chemical resistance properties in terms of retention of compressive strength after exposure to chemicals.     

Reversible photochromic properties of TiO2-polymer nanocomposites

Composite films of nanosized TiO2 particles, which contained rutile as the only detected crystal modification, and poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) or poly(4-vinylpyridine) were prepared from aqueous dispersions. During exposure to UV irradiation the nanocomposites comprising poly(vinyl alcohol) or poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) turned blue as a consequence of a partial reduction of TiIV to TiIII. The color intensity increased with increasing TiO2 content and irradiation time. This color did not fade after removal of the UV source in spite of the sensitivity of TiIII to atmospheric oxygen. By contrast, exposure to water caused the nanocomposites to adopt their original colorless appearance. These colorization-decolorization cycles could be repeated more than 10 times without apparent loss of intensity. Due to the small size of the TiO2 nanoparticles (ca. 3 nm), patterned blue structures of high resolution could be created in the polymeric materials, for instance with simple masking methods.     

Sol-gel derived potentiometric pH sensors

A potentiometric sol-gel derived (xerogel) pH sensor based on covalently attached amine groups is described. The sensor consists of a Ag/AgCl electrode coated with a hybrid aminosilane/alkylsilane xerogel film. Various combinations of aminosilanes and alkylsilanes are evaluated for their potentiometric response to pH. The optimal sensor design is composed of (aminoethylaminomethyl)phenethyltrimethoxysilane and methyltrimethoxysilane. This sensor exhibits near-Nerstian response (-55 mV.decade(-)(1)), responds rapidly (< or =3 s) to changes in pH, and has H(+) selectivity coefficients (log K(pot)(H)()+ (, )(j)()) of -13 and -11 for interfering j cations Na(+) and K(+), respectively. In vitro platelet adhesion tests indicate that the xerogel coatings are more blood compatible than conventional poly(vinyl chloride) and poly(urethane) ion-selective electrode coatings.